Studies of the effects of particle size on the flow characteristics of dry chemicals

The author has studied the effects of particle size on the flow characteristics of several types of dry chemicals in hose lines and fixed pipe systems. The results have permitted him to draw certain conclusions regarding optimum sizes to maximize flow rates and minimize pressure losses. Note: This paper was presented on May 17, 1972 in Philadelphia, Pa. at the 76th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association.     

Halon 1301 flow in pipelines

An understanding of the mechanism of flow of Halon 1301 is necessary for the proper design of piping systems. Note: The author presented this paper at the 79th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association held in Chicago, Illinois, May 1975.     

Some aspects of structural fire endurance of concrete

Thoroughly convinced that the fire resistance of concrete follows laws that can be expressed in terms of engineering principles, the Portland Cement Association has developed design methods that can be used to predict the fire endurance of some common structural elements. The Association feels that it is only a matter of a few years before design procedures are developed for all common structural elements. Note: The author presented this paper at the Second Annual Fire Protection Seminar, sponsored by the Montreal-Ottawa Chapter of the SFPE and held on May 5 and 6, 1969.     

An experimental determination of combustibility

The author describes a laboratory method for determining ignitability, rate of heat release, and total heat release as a measure of the combustibility of materials. The results may be applied to building design and designation of contents with an eye towards reducing the possibility of a major fire. Note: Professor Smith is Director of Chemical Engineering Research, Engineering Experiment Station, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.     

Testing electrical equipment for chemical atmospheres

Electrical equipment has been recognized as a potential source of ignition in explosive atmospheres, and as a result of that recognition, explosion-proof devices have been developed. The author discusses critical design features for explosion suppression, a method for classifying new gases and vapors, and equipment for testing intrinsically safe electrical devices. Note: This paper was presented at the 70th annual meeting of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers at Chicago, Ill., May 20, 1966.     

Fire research in scandinavia—A long-term program

The author contends a great imbalance exists between two fundamental concepts in designing buildings. On the one hand, considerable care and thought go into designing for static and dynamic loads; but design for fire resistance is dealt with in an extremely conventional and stereotyped way. He feels it is essential—in Scandinavian and in other countries—that long-term experimental and theoretical research programs be undertaken so that design for fire resistance can be carried out in conformity with fundamental principles conventionally used in static design of load-bearing structures. Note: This article is based on Proceeding No. 129 (1964), “General Programme for Scandinavian Long-term Research,” of the National Swedish Institute for Materials Testing, (Statens Provningsanstalt), Stockholm, Sweden.     

Flammability tests, 1975: A review

The author identifies the numerous tests designed to describe the flammability characteristics of materials and discusses some of the more widely used ones. Note: The author now holds the title Research Professor in the Institute of Chemical Biology of the University of San Francisco.     

Qualification test of smoke detectors

To improve the quality and reliability of fire detection and alarm, the author calls for internationally agreed upon test specifications that will not hinder future development. Note: The author delivered this paper at the NFPA Fall Meeting in Montreal, Canada, November 1978.     

A novel fire test for pipe insulation

The author discusses the development of fire tests for pipe insulation that are intended to provide more realistic use conditions than traditional tests for the fire hazard of materials. Note: The author presented this paper at the 80th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association, held in Houston, Texas, May 1976.     

Managing the variability of fire behavior

Diversity of fuels, differences in their arrangement, and environmental changes such as in temperature, air pressure, wind velocity, and humidity are among the factors contributing to the variation in fire development. This paper presents a framework for modeling this variability so that product design and firesafety standards can reflect the total information provided by these actual fire tests. Modeling Systems Incorporated Note: The project upon which this paper is based was funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, Washington, DC. At the time the work was performed, the author was with the National Fire Protection Association, Boston, MA.     

Application of release rate data to hazard load calculations

The author illustrates methods of applying heat, smoke and toxic gas release rate data to calculating fire hazard loading values. Note: This paper was presented by the author at the 78th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association on May 23, 1974 at Miami Beach, Florida.     

Smokeproof towers in center core structures

Smokeproof towers located on exterior walls utilize space that is considered desirable by landlords and tenants. The author discusses investigations into the possibility of interior smokeproof towers doing the job equally as well as exterior towers. Note: This paper was presented by the author at the 1965 Fall Conference of the National Fire Protection Association.     

A survey of fire loads in hackney hospital

The author suggests that greater cost effectiveness in providing structural fire resistance in existing hospital buildings may result from tailoring fire resistance to the fire loads in the various accommodations rather than to have a blanket requirement to cover all types of accommodations. Note: The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Department of Health and Social Security. Dr. Green is located in London, England.     

Partial flooding of volumes with halon 1301

The author reports on recent experiments in low-level flooding of flight simulator rooms. Note: Mr. Robinson delivered this paper at the 81st Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in May 1977.     

Fuel tank inerting and fire fighting,with liquid nitrogen

The vapor space in fuel tanks becomes a serious hazard when the vapor-to-air ratio falls within the explosive limits of the mixture. the author discusses a system that prevents the formation of explosive mixtures by using liquid nitrogen to render the vapor space inert. Parker Hannifin Corporation Note: The author presented this paper at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in New York City on May 13, 1969.     

Liquid nitrogen as a powerplant fire extinguishant

Though liquid nitrogen may be a somewhat less efficient fire extinguishant than certain other agents, its presence in quatities sufficient to inert aircraft fuel tanks may justify its use for protecting aircraft powerplants. The author reports the results of preliminary tests conducted by the FAA. National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center Federal Aviation Administration Department of Transportation Note: The author presented this paper at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in New York City on May 13, 1969.     

Interactions in binary halon mixtures used as fire suppressants

Tests were conducted using different ratios of the Halons 1301 and 1211 to determine their effectiveness in extinquishing fires when used in combination. The author discusses the test method and the test results. Note: This work was supported by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware. The testing was conducted by the author while employed at the Factory Mutual Research Corp., Norwood, Massachusetts.     

An overview of the fire behavior of polymers

A review of the literature dealing with investigations of the fire behavior of plastics. Note: The author presented this paper at the Second Combustion Symposium on the Thermal and Oxidative Properties of Plastics sponsored by the American Chemical Society in April 1973.     

Characteristics of invisible particles generated by precombustion and combustion

The author discusses a series of tests designed to study the generation and behavior of submicron-sized particles and gases released by heated materials. Note: This paper was presented at the NFPA annual meeting in St. Louis, Missouri on May 17, 1973.     

Life support without combustion hazards

Consider the possibilities of a habitable atmosphere in which ignition cannot occur. The author reports on some investigations aimed at this very objective. Note: Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in St. Louis, MO on May 16, 1973.