基于滤波器组的纹理分类研究

论述了基于滤波器组的纹理分类方法。该方法首先利用滤波器组对纹理进行滤波，纹理特征是用滤波器输出的统计值表示的；然后用这些特征向量进行纹理分类研究，分类主要利用了简单（naive）Bayes分类方法和最大加权相关树分类方法。实验显示，最大加权相关树分类方法的效果是较好的。     

基于剪切波变换的纹理图像分类

二维可分离小波在纹理分析领域得到了成功的应用,但它只提取图像水平、垂直和对角方向的频率信息,其变换滤波器是各向同性的,不能很好地表达纹理的细节。利用剪切波变换优良的多尺度性、局域性和方向性,提出一种基于剪切波变换（Shearlet transform）的纹理分类算法。该方法先对纹理图像做剪切波变换,得到各尺度、方向子带的剪切系数,计算尺度间子带能量比,以尺度间能量比为权对各子带能量加权,以加权后的子带能量作为特征矢量,用K邻近分类器进行分类。实验结果表明该方法比基于小波的纹理分类方法更加有效。     

基于纹理特征的古瓷片分类研究

通过对Gabor滤波器相关参数的分析,提出了一组具有多尺度和多方向特征的Gabor滤波器对古瓷碎片图像进行处理,获取图像的纹理特征数据。采用主分量分析方法对所获取的纹理特征向量进行降维,利用最近邻法进行分类,实现了对古瓷碎片的自动分类识别。     

基于局部谱能量自相似矩阵的纹理描述

对于纹理检测和分类中的纹理描述问题,提出一种新的基于Gabor滤波器组局部谱能量的自相似矩阵来描述纹理的方法。首先采用多尺度、方向的极坐标对数Gabor滤波器组对纹理模板进行滤波,获得频域上局部频段和方向上的纹理信息;然后计算频域上各尺度、方向上局部谱能量的自相似度量,将这些度量值以自相似矩阵的形式进行存储,并作为纹理特征的描述子;最后将这种描述方法应用到纹理检测和分类中。由于该描述子主要体现的是纹理模板在不同频段和方向局部谱能量的自相似程度,所以它对滤波器参数的依赖度较低。实验中利用纹理特征描述子可以实现比较准确的纹理检测,多类纹理合成图像分类实验的准确率达到了91%以上。实验结果说明,纹理局部谱能量的自相似矩阵是一种十分有效的纹理描述方法,其检测和分类的结果对后期的纹理分割、纹理识别等研究领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于局部谱能量自相似矩阵的纹理描述

对于纹理检测和分类中的纹理描述问题,提出一种新的基于Gabor滤波器组局部谱能量的自相似矩阵来描述纹理的方法。首先采用多尺度、方向的极坐标对数Gabor滤波器组对纹理模板进行滤波,获得频域上局部频段和方向上的纹理信息;然后计算频域上各尺度、方向上局部谱能量的自相似度量,将这些度量值以自相似矩阵的形式进行存储,并作为纹理特征的描述子;最后将这种描述方法应用到纹理检测和分类中。由于该描述子主要体现的是纹理模板在不同频段和方向局部谱能量的自相似程度,所以它对滤波器参数的依赖度较低。实验中利用纹理特征描述子可以实现比较准确的纹理检测,多类纹理合成图像分类实验的准确率达到了91%以上。实验结果说明,纹理局部谱能量的自相似矩阵是一种十分有效的纹理描述方法,其检测和分类的结果对后期的纹理分割、纹理识别等研究领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

高斯颜色模型在瓷片图像分类中的应用

由于RGB颜色空间不能很好贴近人的视觉感知,同时也缺少对空间结构的描述,因此采用兼顾颜色信息和空间信息的高斯颜色模型以获取更全面的特征,提出了一种基于高斯颜色模型和多尺度滤波器组的彩色纹理图像分类法,用于瓷器碎片图像的分类。首先将原始图像的RGB颜色空间转换到高斯颜色模型;再用正规化多尺度LM滤波器组对高斯颜色模型的3个通道构造滤波图像,并借助主成分分析寻找主特征图,接着选取各通道的最大高斯拉普拉斯和最大高斯响应图像,与特征图联合构成特征图像组用以进行参数提取;最后以支持向量机作为分类器进行学习和分类。实验结果表明,与基于灰度的、基于RGB模型的和基于RGB_bior 4.4小波的方法相比,本文方法具有更好的分类结果,其中在Outex纹理图像库上获得的分类准确率为96.7%,在瓷片图像集上获得的分类准确率为94.2%。此方法可推广应用到其他彩色纹理分类任务。     

基于离散平稳小波和非下采样方向滤波器组的纹理分类

结合小波变换的多尺度性和Contourlet变换的多方向性,提出了一种新的基于离散平稳小波变换和无下采样方向滤波器组(stationary wavelet transform and nonsubsampled directional filter banks,SWT-NSDFB)的纹理分类方法,采用具有平移不变性的离散平稳小波先进行多尺度分解;然后对每层分解得到的高频子带采用非下采样方向滤波器组进行多方向分解,再计算低频子带和各层方向子带的能量作为纹理特征;最后用支持向量机实现纹理分类。实验结果表明,该     

面向遥感影像纹理提取的Gabor滤波器组参数解算研究

基于Gabor滤波器的纹理特征提取方法是一种常用的影像纹理提取方法,由于遥感影像上地物纹理的多样性,通常用多方向和多频道的Gabor滤波器组来提取遥感影像上的纹理特征。本文分析了Gabor滤波器的图形特征,以普遍使用的Gabor滤波器组作为研究对象,研究了滤波器组参数间的解算关系,研究结果可为滤波器组的实现和设计提供参考。     

基于人类视觉特性的纹理分割方法

纹理分割是将一幅图像依据纹理不同分成若干个不同的区域,目前广泛采用的是利用滤波器族(如Gabor)对图像进行分解.但由于图像纹理表现的各异性,通常要选择很多滤波器,导致提取的特征困难,分类效果不好,效率低,使用范围受限.文中提出了一种基于人类视觉系统(Human Visual System,HVS)二阶机理的纹理分割方法,即基于‘滤波器->整流->滤波器'(FRF)模型的纹理分割方法.该算法符合HVS区分纹理机理,计算过程简单、方便.针对各纹理选取的特征明显,分类效果好,效率较高.     

基于KNN的特征自适应加权自然图像分类研究

针对自然图像类型广泛、结构复杂、分类精度不高的实际问题, 提出了一种为自然图像不同特征自动加权值的K-近邻（K-nearest neighbors, KNN）分类方法。通过分析自然图像的不同特征对于分类结果的影响, 采用基因遗传算法求得一组最优分类权值向量解, 利用该最优权值对自然图像纹理和颜色两个特征分别进行加权, 最后用自适应加权K-近邻算法实现对自然图像的分类。实验结果表明, 在用户给定分类精度需求和低时间复杂度的约束下, 算法能快速、高精度地进行自然图像分类。提出的自适应加权K-近邻分类方法对于门类繁多的自然图像具有普遍适用性, 可以有效地提高自然图像的分类性能。     

Evaluation of the effects of Gabor filter parameters on texture classification

Gabor filtering is a widely adopted technique for texture analysis. The design of a Gabor filter bank is a complex task. In texture classification, in particular, Gabor filters show a strong dependence on a certain number of parameters, the values of which may significantly affect the outcome of the classification procedures. Many different approaches to Gabor filter design, based on mathematical and physiological consideration, are documented in literature. However, the effect of each parameter, as well as the effects of their interaction, remain unclear. The overall aim of this work is to investigate the effects of Gabor filter parameters on texture classification. An extensive experimental campaign has been conducted. The outcomes of the experimental activity show a significant dependence of the percentage of correct classification on the smoothing parameter of the Gabor filters. On the contrary, the correlation between the number of frequencies and orientations used to define a filter bank and the percentage of correct classification appeared to be poor.     

基于纹理和BP神经网络的SAR图像分类

研究基于纹理和BP神经网络的SAR图像分类。首先用增强FROST滤波算法对SAR图像进行去噪处理。然后基于灰度共生矩阵理论提取去噪后的SAR图像多种纹理特征,并通过大量实验筛选出有效的纹理特征。最后,结合纹理特征,分别采用经典的最大似然分类法和BP神经网络分类法对SAR图像进行分类。实验结果表明：纹理信息辅助SAR图像的灰度进行分类,大大地提高了SAR图像的分类精度;基于BP神经网络的SAR图像分类精度高于最大似然分类法的分类精度。     

Textural classification for ecological research using ATM images

Investigation of spectral and textural classification of high resolution ATM image of a semi-natural scene is presented. Pure spectral classification using bands 5, 7, 9 and the maximum likelihood classifier yielded 56, 63 and 64 per cent overall classification accuracies with 1-25m, 2-5m, and 50m spatial resolution data respectively. Application of combined spectral and textural classification using bands 5, 7, 9 and various texture features from seven texture algorithms ( spatial grey level dependence matrices-SGLDM, grey level run length matrices-GLRLM, busyness, neighbouring grey level dependence matrices-NGLDM, sum and difference histograms-SADH, and fractal analysis), yielded overall classification accuracies from 58-65 per cent at 1-25 m resolution. It is concluded that texturally-based classifications improve overall classification although improvements are not dramatic. The first-order texture measures from algorithms like GLDH and SADH have shown more promise than second-order algorithms, like SGLDM and NGLDM. The energy feature from most of the texture algorithms shows considerable classification potential. A selection of distance metric corresponding to the size of the spatial unit for a given cover type improves the classification of that class. With degradation of spatial resolution the overall accuracy of textural classification improves up to 69 per cent for 5-0 m resolution data.     

Multiscale Bayesian texture segmentation using neural networks and Markov random fields

This paper presents a wavelet-based texture segmentation method using multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks and Markov random fields (MRF) in a multi-scale Bayesian framework. Inputs and outputs of MLP networks are constructed to estimate a posterior probability. The multi-scale features produced by multi-level wavelet decompositions of textured images are classified at each scale by maximum a posterior (MAP) classification and the posterior probabilities from MLP networks. An MRF model is used in order to model the prior distribution of each texture class, and a factor, which fuses the classification information through scales and acts as a guide for the labeling decision, is incorporated into the MAP classification of each scale. By fusing the multi-scale MAP classifications sequentially from coarse to fine scales, our proposed method gets the final and improved segmentation result at the finest scale. In this fusion process, the MRF model serves as the smoothness constraint and the Gibbs sampler acts as the MAP classifier. Our texture segmentation method was applied to segmentation of gray-level textured images. The proposed segmentation method shows better performance than texture segmentation using the hidden Markov trees (HMT) model and the HMTseg algorithm, which is a multi-scale Bayesian image segmentation algorithm.     

Rotation and gray scale transform invariant texture identificationusing wavelet decomposition and hidden Markov model

In this correspondence, we have presented a rotation and gray scale transform invariant texture recognition scheme using the combination of quadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank and hidden Markov model (HMM). In the first stage, the QMF bank is used as the wavelet transform to decompose the texture image into subbands. The gray scale transform invariant features derived from the statistics based on first-order distribution of gray levels are then extracted from each subband image. In the second stage, the sequence of subbands is modeled as a hidden Markov model (HMM), and one HMM is designed for each class of textures. The HMM is used to exploit the dependence among these subbands, and is able to capture the trend of changes caused by rotation. During recognition, the unknown texture is matched against all the models. The best matched model identifies the texture class. Up to 93.33% classification accuracy is reported     

Use of UK-DMC 2 and ALOS PALSAR for studying the age of oil palm trees in southern peninsular Malaysia

This article demonstrates some techniques for studying the age of oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using the Disaster Monitoring Constellation 2 from the UK (UK-DMC 2) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite phased array L-band synthetic aperture radar (ALOS PALSAR) remote-sensing data at a private oil palm estate in southern peninsular Malaysia. Several techniques were explored with UK-DMC 2 data, namely (1) radiance, vegetation indices, and fraction of shadow; (2) texture measurement; (3) classifications, namely Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) classification, maximum-likelihood classification (MLC), and random forest (RF) classification; (4) in terms of ALOS PALSAR data, the correlation of polarizations (i.e. horizontal transmitting and horizontal receiving (termed HH polarization) and horizontal transmitting and vertical receiving (termed HV polarization)) and the ratio of these polarizations to the age of oil palm trees. From the results, band 1 (near-infrared) of UK-DMC 2, fraction of shadow, and mean filter from the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) demonstrated strong correlation of determination (R ²?=?0.76–0.80) with the age of oil palm trees, while the ALOS PALSAR HH polarization could correlate moderately strongly (R ²?=?0.49) with the age of oil palm trees. Adding fraction of shadow and UK-DMC 2 data using the RF method further improved the overall accuracy of age classification from 45.3% (MLC method) to 52.9%. This study concluded that texture measurement (GLCM mean) and fraction of shadow are useful for studying the age of oil palm trees, although discriminating variation in age between mature oil palm trees is difficult because the leaf area index development of mature oil palm trees stabilizes at about 10 years of age. Future studies should involve height information, because this has the potential to be used as one of the most important variables for studying the age of oil palm trees.     

Texture classification using rotated wavelet filters

We propose an approach to the texture classification problem using a set of two-dimensional (2-D) wavelet filters that are nonseparable and oriented for improved characterization of diagonally oriented textures. Channel energies are estimated at the output of both the new filter bank and a standard discrete wavelet frames (DWF) filter bank. Classification results obtained using each individual method and in combination are presented. The results show that the oriented filter set results in finer discrimination providing complementary texture information to the DWF by making use of its orientation selectivity. As a result, a combination of the features from the output of two filter banks improved the classification accuracy significantly with a smaller number of features