X射线致人外周血线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失的时效关系研究

采集2名25岁健康男性外周血进行不同剂量（0～10 Gy）单次X射线照射,于照后取不同时间点（2、12、24、48和72 h）培养的细胞提取基因组DNA,利用实时定量PCR检测不同时间点线粒体DNA（mtDNA）4977bp缺失情况,探讨X射线致人外周血mtDNA 4977bp缺失的时间效应关系。结果表明,受照剂量为5 Gy时,随着照射后培养时间的增加,mtDNA 4977bp缺失拷贝数、mtDNA总拷贝数和mtDNA 4977bp缺失率均有增加趋势。培养时间为24 h和72 h时,在0～10 Gy剂量范围内mtDNA 4977bp缺失拷贝数、mtDNA总拷贝数和mtDNA 4977bp缺失率随着受照剂量的增加而增加。提示X射线诱发的mtDNA 4977bp缺失和mtDNA总拷贝数具有时间和剂量累积性。     

人外周血线粒体 DNA4934bp自发缺失及60Coγ射线诱发缺失的剂量效应关系初探

为探索正常人群外周血样品中线粒体DNA(mtDNA)4934bp缺失的发生比例及电离辐射是否可以诱发该缺失,对109例正常人外周血样品进行分析,确定正常人外周血样品中发生该缺失的比例,将3例缺失阳性正常人外周血样品,使其受到0、2和6Gy 60Co γ射线照射,对4934bp缺失发生情况进行研究;经分析发现,41%的正常人外周血样品具有该缺失,聚合酶链反应PCR产物经克隆、测序和核苷酸同源性分析证实该缺失发生在线粒体DNA重链nt8435-nt13368之间.自发缺失发生比例与供者年龄增长相关(p<0.01),与性别无关.使用半定量聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR),缺失阳性正常人外周血样品在接受0、2和6Gy γ射线照射后,检测其mtDNA 4934bp的缺失情况,发现在照射前后外周血线粒体DNA均有该缺失;以正常人外周血所做的半定量分析发现在照射0、2和6Gy后该缺失水平分别为23、25和27.说明电离辐射诱发人外周血样品缺失水平随剂量增加而增高.     

用人外周血线粒体DNA4977bp缺失检测辐射损伤初探

初步探索用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法进行辐射诱导的线粒体DNA4977bp缺失分析的可行性。对正常人外周血进行2Gy^60Coγ射线的照射,照射后提取包含线粒体DNA的全基因组DNA,用PCR方法进行线粒体DNA4977bp缺失分析,同时扩增很少缺失的线粒体DNA片段(16S-ND1);进而比较照射前后线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失水平。结果表明,用于分析线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失的引物对在最佳试验条件下,可特异性扩增出所有2Gy照射诱导的线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失;该扩增产物经纯化、测序和核苷酸同源性分析,证实线粒体缺失发生在线粒体DNA序列的8470-13446bp。用于扩增16S-ND1的引物对在很大的温度变动范围内,均能扩出目的DNA片段。所有外周血样品在照射前无线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失,2Gy^60Coγ射线照射后特异诱导出此缺失。说明用本研究中建立的PCR方法,可用来分析电离辐射诱导的外周血有核细胞线粒体DNA 4977bp缺失水平。     

~(60)Co γ射线对人离体外周血CDKN1A基因表达水平的影响

目的探讨60Coγ射线对人离体外周血CDKN1A基因表达水平的影响。方法收集3名健康人周围血,采用60Coγ射线照射,照射剂量率为0.313 Gy/min。提取血液总RNA,用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测CDKN1A基因的表达水平。结果 0~2 Gy剂量范围内,CDKN1A的mRNA相对表达水平随照射剂量增加而呈上调趋势,拟合的回归方程为:Y=0.8465+1.1015D(R=0.93,p0.01),Y=0.6273+3.0883D-0.7485D2(R=0.96,p0.05)。结论电离辐射可诱发CDKN1A基因相对表达水平发生改变,并且随照射剂量增加而增加,其中直线方程的稳定性还有待进一步验证。     

18.8MeV质子与~(60)Coγ射线诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变比较

采用18.8 MeV单能质子和60Co γ射线对2名健康男性外周血进行照射,照射剂量分别为0.0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0和5.0 Gy,剂量率为0.5 Gy/min,观察染色体dic+r畸变,分别建立每细胞dic+r畸变率与18.8 MeV单能质子和60Coγ射线的剂量-效应曲线,并对生物效能进行比较.结果表明:18.8 MeV单能质子诱发人外周血淋巴细胞染色体dic+r畸变的最佳回归方程为Y=0.277?D?+0.013?D?2(r2=0.984,p<0.01),60Co γ射线为Y=0.035D+0.039D2(r2=0.991,p<0.01);质子诱发染色体畸变的RBE值的范围是0.91～1.87,质子照射在剂量较低时,有较高的生物效能;质子均匀照射诱发的染色体畸变dic+r在细胞间的分布符合泊松分布,与γ射线一致.     

~(60)Coγ射线照射对人血小板的影响

以不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线照射富含血小板的血浆后,检测其代谢及释放产物的变化。~(60)Coγ射线照射剂量达5Gy时,血小板表面活化标记蛋白GMP-140分子的表达显著增多,且随剂量的增加而增高;但血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰ_b和Ⅲ_a未见明显改变;当剂量为2.5Gy时血浆内血小板TXB_2的产生及释放就呈显著升高;γ射线剂量大于5Gy时,血浆内vWF的浓度显著升高。结果提示:~(60)Coγ射线照射剂量达5Gy后,可激活体外的血小板,导致后者代谢旺盛,内容物释放增多。     

~(60)Coγ射线照射对人血小板的影响

以不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线照射富含血小板的血浆后,检测其代谢及释放产物的变化。~(60)Coγ射线照射剂量达5Gy时,血小板表面活化标记蛋白GMP-140分子的表达显著增多,且随剂量的增加而增高;但血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰ_b和Ⅲ_a未见明显改变;当剂量为2.5Gy时血浆内血小板TXB_2的产生及释放就呈显著升高;γ射线剂量大于5Gy时,血浆内vWF的浓度显著升高。结果提示:~(60)Coγ射线照射剂量达5Gy后,可激活体外的血小板,导致后者代谢旺盛,内容物释放增多。     

细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒对小鼠亚致死剂量辐射损伤的预防作用

为研究细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)对亚致死剂量60Coγ射线照射致小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用,采用SPF级雄性ICR小鼠,连续7天腹腔注射细胞核靶向富勒醇硬脂质纳米粒,于第7天送往辐照中心接受60Coγ射线全身均匀照射,照射剂量为6 Gy,照射剂量率为0.42 Gy/min,观察照后小鼠一般情况、体重变化,测定照后14天小鼠外周血液学参数的变化。结果表明,细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)能有效减轻亚致死剂量60Coγ射线所引起的小鼠体重、外周血白细胞的降低,还可以促进照射后小鼠骨髓红系造血的恢复,与照射对照组相比差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。说明细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)对受亚致死剂量60Coγ射线照射的小鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

低剂量氚β射线和~(60)Coγ射线诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变及相对生物效应的研究

介绍了用氚β射线和~(60)COγ射线离体照射G_0期人淋巴细胞诱发染色体畸变的剂量效应关系(剂量范围为0-0.5Gy)。实验表明:无论是氚β射线还是~(60)Coγ射线所诱发的淋巴细胞染色体畸变均以染色体型畸变为主,诱发的双着丝粒体与剂量的关系均适合以Y=a+bD模式来表示。以~(60)Coγ射线为参考辐射,以淋巴细胞染色体畸变为生物终点,测得氚的RBE值为2。     

犬血淋巴细胞小剂量γ射线辐照体外致死效应

犬外周血淋巴细胞体外经不同低剂量率~(60)Coγ射线小剂量(0.5、0.25、0.05、0.01和0.005Gy)辐照后,用台盼蓝拒染法观察其辐射损伤致死效应,从照后0.4和8h所检测的结果表明:小剂量γ射线淋巴细胞辐射损伤的程度与照射剂量间有一定依存关系,但早期表现不明显,随照后时间推移,逐渐出现类同大剂量照射的线性正相关规律;而它同低剂量率之间是从照后早期开始就明显有规律地表现负相关的关系。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.