双馈风力发电机组并网控制策略及性能分析

为了实现双馈风力发电机组无冲击电流并网,基于电网电压定向矢量控制技术,提出了一种考虑转子电流动态调节特性的双馈风力发电机组空载并网控制策略。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,建立了双馈风力发电机系统及其并网控制的数学模型,并对不同初始运行转速的双馈风力发电机组的自动并网运行特性进行了仿真。仿真实验结果证明无论初始转速为同步转速,还是超、亚同步转速,利用提出的并网控制策略,双馈风力发电机组能很好快速地建立定子电压,并网过渡过程定子电流基本没有冲击。     

双馈风力发电机无速度传感器控制

提出了一种新型的基于模型参考自适应原理的双馈风力发电机的无速度传感器矢量控制方案.根据双馈风力发电机运行的特点,针对双馈发电机并网前空载励磁阶段和并网后发电运行阶段分别采用了不同的无速度传感器矢量控制方案.在发电机并网前,根据双馈发电机空载时定子侧电压矢量的q轴分量估计发电机并网前转速及转子位置.在并网运行阶段采用了一种基于双馈电机磁链关系的模型参考自适应方法进行转速及转子位置的跟踪.最后在理论分析的基础上,在实验室的双馈风力发电机组模拟平台上进行了实验研究.实验结果证明了该文提出的双馈风力发电机无速度传感器矢量控制方案的正确性和可行性.     

变速恒频双馈风电机组参数扰动对并网控制的影响

通过对交流励磁变速恒频双馈风力发电机组(VSCF-DFIG)的空载并网矢量控制策略进行深入地分析和推导,首次正确地得到了双馈异步发电机参数扰动对并网过程中定子电压影响的量化表达式.仿真结果表明,双馈异步发电机转子绕组参数扰动会影响机组并网,降低并网成功率.探寻抗参数扰动的并网控制策略具有重要意义.     

变速双馈风电机组低电压穿越功能仿真

分析了变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的工作原理,建立了包含变频器的双馈风力发电机组动态数学模型,并利用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了并网型双馈风力发电机组的仿真模块,通过仿真试验分析了外部电网故障下变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的低电压穿越功能,为变速恒频双馈风力发电机组在大型并网风电场中的应用提供了可靠的理论依据     

基于Matlab/Simulink的双馈感应风力发电机组建模和仿真研究

以双馈风力发电机组为研究对象,建立了包括风力机、传动部分、双馈感应发电机、定子磁链定向的矢量控制策略、最大风能捕获策略的整体数学模型;应用matlab软件中simulink工具,以建立的数学模型为基础搭建了双馈风力发电机组仿真模型,并以两次阶跃风速为例对所建模型并网后运行特性进行了仿真研究。实现了双馈风力发电机组的最大风能捕获和功率解耦控制,仿真结果表明,双馈风力发电机组具有良好的运行特性,同时验证了所建模型的正确性和有效性。     

双速风力异步发电机建模与切换过程仿真

利用MatLab基本模块建立了定桨距失速型风力发电机组双速风力异步发电机仿真模型,并对双速风力异步发电机切换过程进行了仿真。该模型为风力异步发电机组软并网过程动态仿真分析提供了基础。     

5 MW双馈风电机组低电压穿越的仿真分析

针对海上风力发电机组安全可靠运行要求的发展趋势,本文在阐述双馈风电机组控制原理的基础上,建立了双馈发电机及其变流器的控制模型。其次,在分析电力系统对并网风电机组低电压穿越原理基础上,比较分析了双馈风电机组低电压穿越的各种控制技术方案。最后,结合海上用5.0 MW双馈风力发电机组电气参数,对2种典型低电压穿越的转子电路保护措施进行了仿真比较。分析结果表明,采用二极管整流桥加IGBT和保护电阻构成斩波器的措施具有较好的暂态控制效果。     

电网电压跌落下双馈风力发电机组暂态性能的比较分析

为了较全面地研究不同运行工况下并网双馈风力发电机组的暂态运行性能,该文基于双馈发电机电磁暂态模型,采用等效集中质量法,建立了考虑风力机和发电机之间传动轴扭转柔性的风力机两个质量块等效模型。在此基础上,基于定子电压定向的矢量控制策略,对风电机组在不同风力机输出转矩、不同电网电压跌落和不同故障持续时间下分别进行了暂态运行性能的仿真,并对风力机不同质量块等效模型的结果进行比较。结果表明,双馈风力发电机组暂态性能与风力机传动链柔性、电压跌落程度和故障持续时间等密切相关。     

双馈风力发电机组等效模型对机组暂态稳定性影响

为研究并网双馈风力发电机组的机电耦合作用对机组暂态性能的影响,采用等效集中质量法,在Mat-lab/Simulink环境下,提出一种基于叶片弯曲柔性和传动轴扭转柔性的风力发电机组3质量块等效模型。结合双馈发电机控制策略,分别以额定功率750 kW和3 MW的风力发电机组为例,对其在电网电压跌落和机械扰动两种情况下进行暂态稳定性仿真,并将仿真结果和传统的1质量块、2质量块等效模型的仿真结果进行比较分析。结果表明:随着单机容量的增加,叶片的柔性对机组暂态稳定性的影响逐渐增大,建立3质量块等效模型对研究大容量双馈风力发电机组暂态稳定性是必要和有效的。     

双馈风电机组的建模仿真及其等值方法研究

文章分析了双馈风力发电机组的数学模型及控制模型,基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建了双馈风力发电机组仿真模型,以阵风和渐变风为例,对风力发电机组并网运行端口的稳态特性和故障特性进行仿真,其结果实现定子侧有功、无功解耦控制及电压的恒定,验证了所建模型的正确性。在考虑尾流效应的情况下,研究了不同类型的双馈风电机组等值思路,搭建了等值模型,对其等值前后的稳态、暂态特性进行对比分析,结果表明了该等值方法的有效性,为大规模并网型双馈机组风电场进一步研究提供了有利条件。     

喜河水力发电厂3号发电机的进相运行与试验

电力系统中采用电机进相运行(欠励),是平衡无功、调节电压最简便、经济的措施。由于发电机进相运行受到一些因素的限制,在发电机采用进相运行前,应对发电机进行进相运行能力试验,确定发电机进相深度,确保发电机进相运行时的稳定安全。     

Parameters Optimization of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with a Novel Vortex Generator Fin by Taguchi Method

In this study, the effects of various vortex generator configurations on the heat transfer and flow friction characteristics are investigated by numerical method. Compared with common-flow-down configuration, the Nusselt numbers of common-flow-up configuration increase by 2.7–2.9% in the range of studied Reynolds number, while the friction factors reduce by 7.8–10.0%. A comparative study of the effects of location of axial dimension, location of spanwise dimension, attack angle, and length and height of vortex generator on fin performance is conducted. The results show that the intensity of heat transfer can be greatly increased with decreasing the location and attack angle of vortex generator, and with increasing height of vortex generator, accompanying with the increase of pressure drop. The Nusselt number and friction factors first increase and then decrease with increasing length of vortex generator. The parameters of the vortex generator fin-and-tube heat exchanger are optimized by the Taguchi method. Sixteen kinds of models are made by compounding levels on each factor, and the heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of each model are analyzed. The results allow us to quantitatively estimate the various parameters affecting heat exchanger performance, and the main factors for optimal design of a heat exchanger are selected. The two optimal conditions are acquired, and the reproducibility of the results is verified by two analytical results.     

Turbine, generator, system modeling and impact ofvariable-frequency ripple currents on torsional stressing of generatorsin Poland and Sweden: Lithuania/Poland and Sweden/Poland HVDC links

This paper analyzes rectifier ripple current superimposed on the direct current of a 600 MW asynchronous bipolar link between Lithuania and Poland and a 600 MW asynchronous monopolar link between Poland and Sweden in evaluating possible torsional vibrations in steam turbine-generator-exciter shafts. The studies are performed for machines in Northeastern Poland and in Southern Sweden close to the inverter station which are most at risk. Analyses are performed for the generators in Poland for the Lithuania/Poland link and for the generators in Sweden for the Poland/Sweden link. The paper examines system scaling factors for the Lithuania/Poland Link. It then examines AC system scaling factors and generator scaling factors for modulation product harmonic currents impressed on generators connected to the Swedish Grid Network by the inverter. Amplitude of shaft torsional torque due to resonant excitation imposed by the link on the generators in Sweden is evaluated for different scenarios of system and generator load. First, theory which relates magnitude of harmonic AC current injected into the AC system by the inverter is summarized. Dispersion of the injected harmonic AC current to proportion the current to individual generators is then reviewed, considering impedance of the generators, loads, and other system elements. Significance of simple and detailed shaft train models of machine shafts as well as approximate (Id, Iq) and detailed (2d, 3q) generator damper models on resonant torques is reviewed. Then, effects of both power factor and generator load on generator scaling factors is illustrated     

Wind turbine dynamic response?difference between connection to large utility network and isolated diesel micro-grid

The difference in dynamic behaviour of wind turbines connected to different size networks is analysed for synchronous and induction generators. Modal analysis has been applied to equivalent mechanical models of the wind turbine generator and the grid connection to show the difference in dynamics for a wind turbine generator connected to a large (interconnected) utility network or an (isolated) diesel micro-grid. Frequency domain analysis of these models has been used to quantify the effect of system parameters, such as enhanced drive train damping, diesel governor action and generator slip, on dynamic interaction. It has been shown that for wind turbines connected to a large grid an induction generator can reduce dynamic interaction. In contrast, for an isolated diesel micro-grid the diesel governor response and the compliance of the diesel generator dominate the system's dynamics, and the choice of either generator option for the wind turbine is dictated by other factors.     

A sophisticated maximum capacity analysis for large turbine generators considering limitation of temperature

In this paper, the authors propose a sophisticated analysis method to determine possible maximum generator capacity and to evaluate the generator's potential ability. The method surveys generator design parameters on a large scale efficiently and objectively. The possible maximum generator capacity acquired by the proposed method satisfies the specifications of short-circuit ratio, power factor, and temperature limitations of armature and field windings. Armature voltage, armature current, and field current are adjusted to satisfy the above specifications simultaneously. An example adopting the proposed method is shown which clarifies the method's effectiveness in the research and design phase. The specific results obtained demonstrate the sensitivities of the calculated possible maximum generator capacity and the calculated loss for various development factors.     

线-板结构离子风发生器强化通道内对流换热的数值研究

离子风发生器是利用电晕放电引起空气流动的一种装置。利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了基于线-板电极结构离子风发生器的计算模型,对离子风发生器强化通道内对流换热的能力开展了数值模拟研究。针对入口风速、发射极电压、初速度方向以及电极水平间距这4个关键因素进行研究,分析了4种因素对强化换热效果的影响。模拟结果表明:在入口风速较小时,离子风对换热的强化效果更好;当发射极电压较高,离子风射流和主流方向相反时,离子风的扰动作用更剧烈,对换热过程有更加显著的增强作用。而电极水平间距则存在最优值,可以使换热效果达到最优。     

Calculation of the energy provided by a PV generator. Comparative study: Conventional methods vs. artificial neural networks

The use of photovoltaics for electricity generation purposes has recorded one of the largest increases in the field of renewable energies. The energy production of a grid-connected PV system depends on various factors. In a wide sense, it is considered that the annual energy provided by a generator is directly proportional to the annual radiation incident on the plane of the generator and to the installed nominal power. However, a range of factors is influencing the expected outcome by reducing the generation of energy.The aim of this study is to compare the results of four different methods for estimating the annual energy produced by a PV generator: three of them are classical methods and the fourth one is based on an artificial neural network developed by the R&D Group for Solar and Automatic Energy at the University of Jaen.The results obtained shown that the method based on an artificial neural network provides better results than the alternative classical methods in study, mainly due to the fact that this method takes also into account some second order effects, such as low irradiance, angular and spectral effects.     

Optimization of heat exchangers with vortex-generator fin by Taguchi method

A comparative study of effects of attack angle, length of vortex generator, height of vortex generator, fin material, fin thickness, fin pitch and tube pitch on fin performance of vortex-generator fin-and-tube heat exchanger is conducted by numerical method. The parameters of vortex-generator fin-and-tube heat exchangers are optimized by the Taguchi method. Eighteen kinds of models are made by compounding levels on each factor, and the heat transfer and flow characteristics of each model are analyzed. The results show that these six factors (fin pitch, longitudinal tube pitch, transverse tube pitch, length of vortex generator, height of vortex generator, and attack angle of vortex generator) have great influences on the JF-factor. The fin material and fin thickness have trifling effects on the JF-factor. The two optimal conditions (A1B3C3D2E1F2G1H3 and A2B2C2D3E1F2G1H3) are acquired, and the reproducibility of the results is verified by two analytical results.     

Integrating electrical and aerodynamic characteristics for DFIG wind energy extraction and control study

A doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine depends on the control of the system at both generator and turbine levels, and the operation of the turbine is affected by the electrical characteristics of the generator and the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine blades. This paper presents a DFIG energy extraction and control study by combining the two characteristics together in one integrative environment to examine various factors that are critical for an optimal DFIG system design. The generator characteristics are examined for different d‐q control conditions, and the extracted power characteristics of the turbine blades versus generator slip are presented. Then, the two characteristics are analyzed in a joint environment. An integrative study is conducted to examine a variety of parametric data simultaneously for DFIG maximum wind power extraction evaluation. A close‐loop transient simulation using SimPowerSystem is developed to validate the effectiveness of steady‐state results and to further investigate the wind energy extraction and speed control in a feedback control environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽轮发电机组轴系--支撑系统油膜失稳问题探讨

将油膜涡动归为汽轮发电机组轴系－支撑系统的固有振动,讨论了影响油膜稳定性的因素,并给出了消除油膜失稳的措施