基于分层路径计算单元与双矩阵博弈的多域光网络静态组播专用保护算法

在预先配置组播业务的多域光网络中,如何保证静态组播业务的生存性已成为广泛关注的问题。针对此问题,通过采用基于分层路径计算单元（PCE）架构的全局拓扑信息调度计算模型,利用双矩阵博弈来生成链路不相交的组播树和组播保护树,最后提出了一种基于分层PCE与双矩阵博弈的多域光网络静态组播专用保护算法,并给出了算法的具体示例。理论分析和实验结果表明,在一定的冗余资源配置下,该算法具有较低的时间复杂度,在优化组播工作树和组播保护树的资源分配结构的同时,可明显提高多域光网络静态组播业务的生存能力。     

IP/DWDM光Internet中一种演化一单纯形QoS组播路由算法

本文设计了一种 IP/DWDM 光 Internet 中的 QoS 组播路由算法。在给定用户请求的情况下,基于演化-单纯形算法构造带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限且费用优化的 QoS 组播路由树,兼顾网络负载均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法是可行和有效的,明显优于基于传统遗传算法的 QoS 组播路由算法。     

IP／DWDM光Internet中一种演化-单纯形QoS组播路由算法

本文设计了一种IP／DWDM光Internet中的QoS组播路由算法。在给定用户请求的情况下，基于演化一单纯形算法构造带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限且费用优化的QoS组播路由树，兼顾网络负载均衡。仿真结果表明，该算法是可行和有效的，明显优于基于传统遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法。     

WDM网状网自适应动态流量疏导算法

针对WDM网状网络中的动态流量疏导问题,基于分层辅助图网络模型,提出了一个自适应动态流量疏导算法,根据不同的业务请求和网络疏导能力,启动相应的流量疏导策略,达到合理地分配网络资源,从而降低网络平均阻塞概率的目的。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以有效地改善网络性能。     

面向组播的动态虚拟网络功能放置算法

组播在支持日益增长的多媒体应用方面具有广阔的应用前景，面向组播的虚拟网络功能放置是网络功能虚拟化中不可避免的研究趋势.然而，对于该问题的大多数研究都聚焦于静态网络环境，难以应对网络中的各种资源随着时间动态变化，组播服务功能链（Service Function Chaining,SFC）请求动态到达的真实场景.本文提出一种基于组播SFC请求预测的足球联赛竞争算法，以Informer模型为基础，预测即将到达的组播SFC请求.基于足球联赛竞争的组播虚拟网络功能放置算法，设计多维个体编码策略，一次性求解所有活动组播组的SFC映射方案，提前部署预测的请求.针对预测结果与真实结果不一致的情况，提出一种由正向搜索与反向搜索组成的快速修复策略以完成对请求的快速响应.仿真结果表明，对比其它两种预测模型，Informer在组播SFC请求预测上取得了更低的均方误差与平均绝对误差.此外，与七种经典的启发式算法和深度强化学习算法相比，提出的算法在端到端时延和计算资源消耗方面达到更优性能的同时，取得了更低的组播SFC请求响应时间.     

IP/DWDM光Internet中智能QoS组播路由算法

提出了一种IP／DWDM光Internet中基于蚁群算法的智能QoS组播路由算法。给定QoS组播请求与用户延迟需求区间,提出的算法寻找一棵基于柔性QoS的成本近优组播路由树。它基于蚁群算法来构造组播路由树,并基于波长图思想对组播路山树进行波长分配,一体化考虑组播路由选择和波长分配问题,同时还考虑了IP／DWDM光Internet中的负载均衡问题。仿真研究表明,算法是可行和有效的。     

一种基于混合混沌遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法

IP/DWDM光Internet是下一代互联网NGI(NextGenerationInternet)主干网的主要组网技术之一,服务质量QoS(QualityofService)组播路由算法是其一个研究热点,已经证明它是NP难的。为此,文章设计了一种非NP类QoS组播路由算法。在给定用户请求的情况下,基于混合混沌遗传算法来构造带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限且费用优化的QoS组播路由树,兼顾网络负载均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法是可行和有效的,明显优于基于传统遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法。     

IP／DWDM光因特网中一种基于人工免疫算法的QOS组播路由算法

本文提出了一种IP／DWDM光因特网中基于人工免疫算法的QoS组播路由算法，当QoS组播请求和需求区间给定时，能够找到一棵基于QoS的柔性费用近优组播路由树。该算法基于人工免疫算法构造QoS组播路由树，并基于波长图对树进行波长分配，将路由和波长分配集成到一个过程中，同时考虑了负载平衡。仿真结果表明，算法为IP／DWDM光因特网中的组播应用构造的QoS组播路由树是可行和有效的。     

WDM全光网络中优化组播路由的遗传算法

在WDM网络中，路由和波长分配是紧密联系在一起的，即在建立光连接的过程中，不但需要确定路由，还要为该路由分配合适的波长资源。该文给出了一种遗传算法以解决在给定一组时延受限的组播请求的情况下，如何为这些组播请求建立合适的组播路由树，从而使得该组组播树所占用的波长数最小的问题。通过使用一种合适的二维染色体编码表示，并设计适合问题的交叉和变异操作，从而算法可以有效地搜索假设空间，实验模拟结果表明了该算法具有快速有效的特点。     

WDM网络中基于负载平衡的通路恢复算法

将链路波长使用数均衡的负载平衡思想引入到光网络恢复机制中,同时区分业务的可靠性,提出基于负载平衡的通路恢复算法.仿真表明,该算法不仅降低了全网阻塞率,而且能保证较高优先级的光路建立请求具有较低的阻塞率,更适合现代光网络中不同业务请求对应不同服务等级的要求.     

Traffic grooming, routing, and wavelength assignment in WDM transport networks with sparse grooming resources

While a single fiber strand in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has over a terabit-per-second bandwidth and a wavelength channel has over a gigabit-per-second transmission speed, the network may still be required to support traffic requests at rates that are lower than the full wavelength capacity. To avoid assigning an entire lightpath to a small request, many researchers have looked at adding traffic grooming to the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem. In this work, we consider the RWA problem with traffic grooming (GRWA) for mesh networks under static and dynamic lightpath connection requests. The GRWA problem is NP-Complete since it is a generalization of the RWA problem which is known to be NP-Complete. We propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model that accurately depicts the GRWA problem. Because it is very hard to find a solution for large networks using ILP, we solve the GRWA problem by proposing two novel heuristics. The strength of the proposed heuristics stems from their simplicity, efficiency, and applicability to large-scale networks. Our simulation results demonstrate that deploying traffic grooming resources on the edge of optical networks is more cost effective and results in a similar blocking performance to that obtained when distributing the grooming resources throughout the optical network domain.     

On the complexity and algorithm of grooming regular traffic in WDM optical networks

In SONET/WDM networks, a high-speed wavelength channel is usually shared by multiple low-rate traffic demands to make efficient use of the wavelength capacity. The multiplexing is known as traffic grooming and performed by SONET Add-Drop Multiplexers (SADM). The maximum number of low-rate traffic demands that can be multiplexed into one wavelength channel is called grooming factor. Since SADMs are expensive, a key optimization goal of traffic grooming is to minimize the total number of SADMs in order to satisfy a given set of traffic demands. As an important communication traffic pattern, all-to-all traffic has been widely studied for the traffic grooming problem. In this paper, we study the regular traffic pattern, which is considered as a generalization of the all-to-all traffic pattern. We focus on the Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR) networks. We prove that the traffic grooming problem is NP-hard for the regular traffic pattern in UPSR networks, and show that the problem does not admit a Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS). We further prove that the problem remains NP-hard even if the grooming factor is any fixed value chosen from a subset of integers. We also propose a performance guaranteed algorithm to minimize the total number of required SADMs, and show that the algorithm achieves a better upper bound than previous algorithms. Extensive simulations are conducted, and the empirical results validate that our algorithm outperforms the previous ones in most cases. In addition, our algorithm always uses the minimum number of wavelengths, which are precious resources as well in optical networks.     

Multicast protection scheme in survivable WDM optical networks

The protection design is a key issue in survivable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. Most researches focused on protecting unicast traffic against the failure of a single network component such as a link or a node. In this paper, we investigate the protection scheme for multicast traffic in meshed WDM optical networks under dual-link failure consideration, and propose a novel protection algorithm called shared segment protection with reprovisioning (SSPR). Through dynamically adjusting link-cost according to the current network state, SSPR establishes a primary light-tree and corresponding link-disjoint backup segments for each multicast connection request. A backup segment can efficiently share wavelength capacity of its working tree or the common resource of other backup segments. Capacity reprovisioning establishes new segments for the vulnerable connections after a link failure and tolerates following link failures. The simulation results show that SSPR not only can make good use of wavelength resources and protect multicast sessions against any single-link failure, but also can greatly improve the traffic restorability in the event of dual-link breakdown.     

An improved multiobjective approach inspired by the flashing behaviour of fireflies for Traffic Grooming in optical WDM networks

Nowadays, the traffic demands in optical networks are low-speed traffic requests (low bandwidth requirement of a few Mbps) that employ the huge capacity of a fiber channel (Gbps), causing a waste of bandwidth as a result. Fortunately, by using electronic grooming nodes, we can multiplex (groom) several low-speed demands onto one channel in order to optimize the available resources in an optical network. The problem of grooming low-speed traffic requests is known in the literature as the Traffic Grooming problem and is considered an NP-hard optimization problem. In this work, we use both multiobjective optimization and evolutionary computation with the aim of facing this optical networking problem. The selected evolutionary algorithm is based in the behaviour of fireflies, the Firefly Algorithm (FA). In order to optimize more than one conflicting objective function of the Traffic Grooming problem simultaneously, we have modified the standard FA to the multiobjective domain (MO-FA). After carrying out different experiments with diverse real-world optical networks, comparing the results of the MO-FA with other multiobjective approaches and different standard heuristics for this problem, we can conclude saying that the new version of the MO-FA is an effective approach for dealing with this telecommunication problem.     

Spare capacity provisioning for quasi-static traffic

Resource provisioning has for long been an important area of research in network design. The traffic grooming problem in optical networks is a design problem of aggregating sub-wavelength traffic demands onto lightpaths and lightpaths onto fiber links such that the required electronic switching capability, hence network cost, can be minimized. Because of the reconfiguration cost in optical grooming networks, a reactive resource provisioning approach may become inefficient, and result in revenue loss. In this paper, we propose an over-provisioning scheme, which pre-allocates the spare capacity of lightpaths to dynamic sub-wavelength traffic demands such that the network can be more agile in responding to traffic increment requests. For the single-link case, we formulate the problem as a non-linear programming problem, and for under reasonable assumptions, we prove the objective function is convex. We provide an exact algorithm to find the optimal solution. The problem with general topologies is then studied. We prove the NP-hardness in this case, and propose heuristics. Numerical results show our heuristics perform well.     

基于捕食搜索和博弈的静态通信量疏导模式

采用分层图,在满足用户通信量请求带宽与延迟约束下,以最大化用户通信量请求总体延迟满意度和最小化网络相对成本为目标,提出了一种IP over WDM光Interne、中的基于捕食搜索和博弈的静态通信量疏导模式。该模式通过控制搜索空间的限制级别来实现局部搜索与全局搜索之间的转换,以寻找优化的通信量疏导方案。在实际网络拓扑上对该模式进行了性能评价,结果表明,同已有通信量疏导模式相比,该模式具有更好的性能。     

基于稳定淘汰演化和博弈的通信量疏导模式

提出一种IP over WDM光Internet中的基于稳定淘汰演化和博弈的通信量疏导模式.该模式基于分层图,采用评价函数,引入考虑种群个体多样性的进化策略和杂交操作,在每一代淘汰最差个体,寻找优化的通信量疏导方案,最小化网络相对成本,最大化用户通信量请求总体延迟满意度.仿真实现了该模式,在实际网络拓扑上进行了性能评价,并且与已有通信量疏导模式进行了对比.仿真结果表明,该模式是可行和有效的,具有较好的性能.     

A global approach for designing reliable WDM networks and grooming the traffic

In this paper, we address the global problem of designing reliable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks including the traffic grooming. This global problem consists in finding the number of optical fibers between each pair of optical nodes, finding the configuration of each node with respect to transponders, finding the virtual topology (i.e., the set of lightpaths), routing the lightpaths, grooming the traffic (i.e, grouping the connections and routing them over the lightpaths) and, finally, assigning wavelengths to the lightpaths. Instead of partitioning the problem into subproblems and solving them successively, we propose a mathematical programming model that addresses it as a whole. Numerical results are presented and analyzed.     

缓冲交叉开关交换结构多播调度算法研究

高性能核心交换设备多播调度受到越来越多的关注·交叉开关结构下的多播调度方案或者性能较差,或者过于复杂,难于应用在高速交换场合·为此,提出一种面向多播的多输入队列缓冲交叉开关体系结构·将多播调度分解为信元分派、输入调度、输出调度3个可分布式并行执行的子问题,并设计了相应的调度算法,降低了算法复杂性·实验结果表明,交叉点缓冲区容量与输入队列数量对多播性能都具有很大的影响·在突发流量到达下,与单多播输入队列的体系结构相比,无论是采用O(1)复杂度的HA-RR-RR还是复杂度更高的调度算法,均能显著提高系统吞吐性能·     

A lexicographically fair allocation of discrete bandwidth for multirate multicast traffics

Fair bandwidth allocation is an important issue in the multicast network to serve each multicast traffic at a fair rate commensurate with the receiver's capabilities and the capacity of the path of the traffic. Lexicographically fair bandwidth layer allocation problem is considered and formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem. A nonincreasing convex function of the bandwidth layers of the virtual sessions is employed to maximize the bandwidth of each virtual session from the smallest.To solve the fairness problem a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed based on the fitness function, ranking selection and the shift crossover. Outstanding performance is obtained by the proposed GA in various multicast networks. The effectiveness of the GA becomes more powerful as the network size increases.