微细通道中R32流动沸腾换热的数值模拟

利用VOF多相流模型对R32在1、2 mm水平光管内流动沸腾换热进行了二维非稳态数值模拟。模拟的工况为：质量流速100 kg·m²·s^-1,热通量12 kW·m^-2,饱和温度15℃。模拟结果显示：2 mm通道内工质的流动沸腾过程依次经历了液相单相流、泡状流、弹状流;1 mm通道内工质的流动沸腾过程依次经历了液相单相流、泡状流、受限泡状流、弹状流。利用模拟所得气相体积分数分布、温度分布,分析了R32管内流动沸腾过程中的基本规律和气泡运动特点,以及管径对流动沸腾换热过程流型的影响。利用数值模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,显示较好的一致性。     

TRANSIENT MIXED CONVECTION ALONG A VERTICAL PLATE EMBEDDED IN POROUS MEDIA WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION AND OSCILLATING TEMPERATURE

The effects of oscillating plate temperature on transient mixed convection heat transfer from a porous vertical surface embedded in a saturated porous medium with internal heat generation or absorption are studied. The governing equations are transformed into dimenionless form by a set of variables and solved using the Galerkine finite element method. As the energy generation increases, the temperature near the wall will be higher than the wall temperature, thus increasing buoyancy forces inside the boundary layer and consequently increasing the velocity. The increase of energy absorption term for either space or temperature dependence will decrease the velocity inside the boundary layer and increase heat transfer rates. Different temperature and velocity profiles are drawn for different dimensionless groups. Numerical values for Nusselt numbers as well as local skin friction coefficient are also tabulated.     

TRANSIENT MIXED CONVECTION ALONG A VERTICAL PLATE EMBEDDED IN POROUS MEDIA WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION AND OSCILLATING TEMPERATURE

The effects of oscillating plate temperature on transient mixed convection heat transfer from a porous vertical surface embedded in a saturated porous medium with internal heat generation or absorption are studied. The governing equations are transformed into dimenionless form by a set of variables and solved using the Galerkine finite element method. As the energy generation increases, the temperature near the wall will be higher than the wall temperature, thus increasing buoyancy forces inside the boundary layer and consequently increasing the velocity. The increase of energy absorption term for either space or temperature dependence will decrease the velocity inside the boundary layer and increase heat transfer rates. Different temperature and velocity profiles are drawn for different dimensionless groups. Numerical values for Nusselt numbers as well as local skin friction coefficient are also tabulated.     

A Theoretical Model for the Nongray Radiation Drying of Polyvinylalcohol/Water Solutions

A theoretical analysis of heat transfer and moisture variation was performed while a PVA solution was exposed to high-intensity nongray irradiation and/or air flow convection. Effective absorption coefficients were incorporated in the radiative transfer analysis. The influence of various radiation and convection parameters on the transfer of heat and moisture variation in the coated layers on an optically thick substrate was investigated. The effects of radiation and convection parameters on the transfer process were presented in terms of the rate of water content removal, heat transfer, and moisture distribution. Results were compared to those of drying when using convective heat. It is evident that the use of thermal radiation combined with convective heat will help in improving the drying rate. Numerical results show that both the radiative energy absorbed by the solution and the substrate and the distribution of water mass fraction in the solution are closely related to the rate of water removal from the solution during the process.     

A Theoretical Model for the Nongray Radiation Drying of Polyvinylalcohol/Water Solutions

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of heat transfer and moisture variation was performed while a PVA solution was exposed to high-intensity nongray irradiation and/or air flow convection. Effective absorption coefficients were incorporated in the radiative transfer analysis. The influence of various radiation and convection parameters on the transfer of heat and moisture variation in the coated layers on an optically thick substrate was investigated. The effects of radiation and convection parameters on the transfer process were presented in terms of the rate of water content removal, heat transfer, and moisture distribution. Results were compared to those of drying when using convective heat. It is evident that the use of thermal radiation combined with convective heat will help in improving the drying rate. Numerical results show that both the radiative energy absorbed by the solution and the substrate and the distribution of water mass fraction in the solution are closely related to the rate of water removal from the solution during the process.     

多孔介质方腔内置芯片热流耦合的LBM数值模拟

基于格子Boltzmann方法的渗流多孔介质耦合双分布模型，对表征体元（REV）尺度下含电子芯片的多孔介质自然对流进行数值模拟研究，主要研究不同物性参数对多孔介质自然对流的影响以及单电子芯片尺寸、多芯片布局等因素对电子芯片表面散热性能的影响。得出了如下研究结果：对于恒温单芯片的多孔介质自然对流，在达西数Da=10-2时存在临界芯片尺寸。在临界芯片尺寸条件下，流场扰动较更小的芯片尺寸更强，传热性能却几乎不变。不同瑞利数Ra条件下临界芯片尺寸不同，Ra越大，临界芯片尺寸越大，在Ra=103时临界芯片尺寸为0.203125倍方腔边长，Ra=104时临界芯片尺寸为0.25倍方腔边长，Ra=105时临界芯片尺寸为0.390625倍方腔边长。当多孔介质渗透率降低时，即Da=10-4时，不存在临界芯片尺寸，且芯片表面和冷壁处的平均Nusselt数均随Ra的增大而增大。对于恒温多芯片的多孔介质自然对流，在多孔介质渗透率较大(Da=10-2)的情况下芯片横排布置可取得最佳换热效果，在渗透率较小(Da=10-4)时芯片布局宜采用对角分布。     

CONVECTWE DRYING MODEL OF SOUTHERN PINE

ABSTRACT

A transient one dimensional first principles model is developed for the drying of a porous material (wood is used as an example) that includes both heat and mass transfer. Heat transfer by conduction and convection, mass transfer by binary gas diffusion, pressure-driven bulk flow in the gas and liquid, and diffusion of bound water are included in the analysis. The diffusive mass transfer terms are modeled using a Fickian approach, while the bulk flow is modeled assuming Darcian flow. Depending on the state (pendular or funicular) of the moisture in the wood, appropriate terms are considered in the development of the governing mass equations. The results provide distributions within the material of each moisture phase (vapor, liquid, and bound), temperature, and total pressure. Information regarding the drying rate and evaporation rate is also presented. Average distributions are obtained as a function of time, and compared with experimental data from the literature. It is observed that the total pressure within the material can be considerably above one atmosphere during the drying process.     

多孔介质在高温相变蓄热中的强化换热

采用实验方法,验证了金属泡沫、膨胀石墨在高温蓄热系统中强化换热的作用。实验结果表明,在250～290℃之间,金属泡沫多孔材料能够提高纯硝酸钠的换热率2.1倍。由于多孔材料严重抑制了自然对流,在液相加热阶段,硝酸钠与多孔材料混合物的换热率不高于纯硝酸钠的一半。通过比较底部加热和顶部加热两种加热方式下蓄热系统的换热性能,进一步揭示了多孔材料对自然对流的影响。     

多孔铝内体积对流传热系数的测量

引　言多孔铝 (合金 )作为一种高孔隙率 (孔隙率 >0 9)多孔介质 ,具有明显的多功能性[1] .通孔型多孔铝是指多孔铝的内部孔隙互相连通 ,且外部流体可以通过 ,具有比表面积大、质量轻的特点 ,是开发强化换热装置的优选材料 ,有可能在新型紧凑式换热器、回热器、风冷冷凝器 (或冷却塔 )等换热设备研制过程中获得应用 .但流体流经多孔铝的　对流换热特性实验数据比较缺乏 ,对各种影响因素的研究也欠充分 .Hwang等[2 ] 测量了空气流经70 %、 80 %、 95 %三种孔隙率多孔铝的体积对流传热系数 ,但缺乏对孔隙密度、母材性质等影响的研究 .何德坪…     

离心渗铸充型过程中伴随有瞬态固化与再熔现象的流场变化规律

针对离心渗铸工艺中熔体浇注温度太高会带来铸件冶金质量下降问题,在充型过程中一般会发生金属熔液的瞬态固化与再熔现象,建立了旋转多孔介质内伴随有瞬态固化与再熔现象的渗流传热理论模型.通过理论分析获得了离心渗铸充型过程中瞬态压力分布计算公式,建立了不同区域界面的移动速率与温度间的耦合关系,分析了流场变化规律.结果表明：渗透前沿界面推移速度主要受离心渗透压力即渗透动力学因素的影响,而再熔界面推移速度主要受热导率和金属相变特性即材料热力学因素的影响,多孔预型体内发生的瞬态固化与再熔是决定充形过程中渗铸复合层能达到的最大厚度的重要因素.     

低温相变蓄冷纳米流体粘度特性实验研究

测量了TiO2-BaC12-H2O纳米流体的粘度,分析了粒子体积分数、温度对纳米流体粘度影响的变化规律.结果表明,纳米流体的粘度随TiO2粒子体积分数的增加呈加速上升的趋势,随温度呈反比变化;体积分数越高的纳米流体,在较低温度下的粘度增幅比高温时大.流变曲线表明,在所配制的体积分数内,TiO2-BaCl2-H2O纳米流...     

370密炼机密炼室温度场分析

通过有限元分析方法，对密炼机炼胶过程中的温度场温度分布做了分析和模拟，介绍了各种基本计算方法和计算公式，如传热、瞬态传热、对流换热系数等。模拟了胶料在密炼机室中的升温过程。该方法可预测密炼机排胶温度、排胶时间等。     

RADIATIVE DRYING MODEL OF POROUS MATERIALS

A transient one dimensional first principles model is developed for the drying of a porous material (paper) that includes both heat and mass transfer. All three modes of heat transfer are considered; conduction, convection and radiation. The conduction is assumed to be in one dimension, through the porous material. The convection is assumed to exist only at the surface as a boundary condition. The radiation is assumed to be a volumetric phenomenon, so that the material internally absorbs, emits, and scatters energy. The absorption and scattering coefficients are spectrally dependent. Furthermore, the material is considered to have a non-unity refractive index with diffuse surfaces. In the mass transfer it is assumed that water exists in three phases: bound, free and vapor. The results provide profiles within the material for each moisture phase, temperature, and pressure and the effect of radiation on these distributions.     

AN ANALYSIS OF FLOW FILM BOILING OVER AN INCLINED SURFACE EMBEDDED IN POROUS MEDIA

The rate of heat dissipation during flow film boiling from inclined surfaces embedded in porous media is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical model relies on the well established Darcy model for the flow both inside the vapor layer and inside the forced convection layer surrounding the vapor film. The main focus is to study the effects of wall temperature, liquid subcooling, wall suction, and orientation of the heated surface on the heat transfer phenomenon. The resulting similarity equations are integrated numerically by use of the fourth-order Runge Kutta method. Systematic “shooting” is required to satisfy the boundary conditions at the liquid-vapor interface and at infinity. Results are reported for the behavior of the vapor film thickness and both the local and average heat transfer coefficients as a function of vapor superheat and liquid subcooling. Experiments were conducted in Freon-113 and a porous medium consisting of 2.8 mm glass beads to verify the theoretical findings, and excellent agreement was found between theory and experiments.     

TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料蓄热过程数值模拟及实验

传统相变材料受限于自身热导率小,其相变蓄热效率难以提升,通过在相变材料中添加具有高热导率的金属多孔结构是强化传热的重要手段之一。本文建立了三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surface,TPMS）多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料的三维、瞬态包含自然对流的相变蓄热模型,利用数值仿真结合实验的方法研究了TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料在蓄热过程中的固液相界面演变规律、实时温度变化、热传输特性以及蓄热性能。结果表明,在纯石蜡中添加primitive杆状（primitive sheet,PS）、primitive壳状（primitive network,PN）两种TPMS多孔铝结构后,石蜡相变温度范围内出现明显的相变温度平台,PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的相变起始时间较纯石蜡分别减少了74.1%与91.4%,竖直方向上的最大温度梯度由纯石蜡的1605.7℃/m分别下降至PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的840℃/m、943.8℃/m,蓄热速率较纯石蜡分别提高3.10倍、4.69倍。最后,通过选区激光熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技...     

RADIATIVE DRYING MODEL OF POROUS MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

A transient one dimensional first principles model is developed for the drying of a porous material (paper) that includes both heat and mass transfer. All three modes of heat transfer are considered; conduction, convection and radiation. The conduction is assumed to be in one dimension, through the porous material. The convection is assumed to exist only at the surface as a boundary condition. The radiation is assumed to be a volumetric phenomenon, so that the material internally absorbs, emits, and scatters energy. The absorption and scattering coefficients are spectrally dependent. Furthermore, the material is considered to have a non-unity refractive index with diffuse surfaces. In the mass transfer it is assumed that water exists in three phases: bound, free and vapor. The results provide profiles within the material for each moisture phase, temperature, and pressure and the effect of radiation on these distributions.     

Applicability of flashing desalination technique for small scale needs using a novel integrated system coupled with nanofluid-based solar collector

The present study introduces an attempt for the application of flash desalination technique for small scale needs. An integrated system uses a flashing desalination technique coupled with nano-fluid-based solar collector as a heat source has been made to investigate both the effect of different operating modes and that of the variation of functioning parameters and weather conditions on the fresh water production. The flashing unit is performed by similar construction design technique of commercial multi-stage flashing (MSF) plant. The thermal properties of working fluid in the solar collector have been improved by using different concentrated nano-particles. Cu nano-particle is used in the modeling to determine the proper nano-fluid volume fraction that gives higher fresh water productivity. An economic analysis was conducted, since it affects the final cost of produced water, to determine the cost of fresh water production. Although a system may be technically very efficient, it may not be economical. The effect of different feed water and inlet cooling water temperatures on the system performance was studied. The mathematical model is developed to calculate the productivity of the system under different operating conditions. The proposed system gives a reasonable production of fresh water up to 7.7 l/m²/day under the operation conditions. Based on the cost of energy in Egypt, the estimated cost of the generated potable water was 11.68 US$/m³. The efficiency of the system is measured by the gained output ratio (GOR) with day time. The gained output ratio (GOR) of the system reaches 1.058. The current study showed that the solar water heater collecting area is considered a significant factor for reducing the water production cost. Also, the produced water costs decrease with increasing the collecting area of the solar water heater. The volume fractions of nano-particle in solar collector working fluid have a significant impact on increasing the fresh water production and decreasing cost.     

高温金属熔液在旋转多孔介质内的渗流传热过程

针对转动坐标系中铝熔液在SiC多孔介质内的流动传热现象 ,考虑离心力对渗流传热过程的影响 ,采用局部非热平衡假设建立多孔介质渗流传热数理模型 ,研究不同工况下流体的流速、压力损失及铝熔液和多孔介质的温度变化 .计算结果表明 :在渗透区域 ,液固两相存在温差 ,且液固温差随渗透界面的移动而减小 ;在非渗透区域 ,固体的温度曲线基本不变 .离心转速或孔隙率的增加都使渗透前沿区域液固两相温差增大 .孔隙率对流场和压力损失有较大影响.     

渗流作用下垂直埋管换热器钻孔内外耦合传热计算与分析

为了研究渗流对地埋管换热器性能的影响,综合多孔介质中移动有限长线热源与钻孔内准三维传热模型建立了地埋管换热器钻孔内、外非稳态耦合传热的解析模型,并通过热响应试验数据验证了耦合模型的正确性。探讨了渗流作用下埋管出口水温及其周围土壤温度动态响应的变化规律,利用埋管换热能效系数和单位井深换热量两个指标的变化评估了渗流对埋管换热器传热性能的影响。结果表明:不同类型的土壤中埋管传热性差别较大, 若忽略渗流速度较大的砂砾层中渗流的影响将导致其中埋管的单位井深换热量设计偏差高达41%;渗流对埋管散热起到促进作用且散热达到稳定所需的时间随渗流速度增大而缩短;推荐采用埋管的进口质量流量流速大于0.4 kg·s^-1,但不宜过大;埋管进口温度对换热能效系数的影响可忽略。并对典型水文条件下各土壤中渗流对串联管群的换热能效系数的影响进行了对比,指出地下管群环路的换热能效系数由土壤物性、渗流速度及串联埋管的钻孔数量共同决定的。     

Mixed convective boundary layer flow over a vertical wedge embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid: Natural Convection Dominated Regime

A boundary layer analysis is presented for the mixed convection past a vertical wedge in a porous medium saturated with a nano fluid. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-similar equations and solved numerically by an efficient, implicit, iterative, finite-difference method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of various physical parameters is performed. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles, as well as the friction factor, surface heat and mass transfer rates have been presented for parametric variations of the buoyancy ratio parameter Nr, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, and Lewis number Le. The dependency of the friction factor, surface heat transfer rate (Nusselt number), and mass transfer rate (Sherwood number) on these parameters has been discussed.