基于半监督稀疏流形嵌入的高光谱影像特征提取

高光谱影像具有波段数多、冗余度高的特点,因此特征提取成为高光谱影像分类的研究热点。针对此问题,该文提出一种半监督稀疏流形嵌入(S3ME)算法,该方法充分利用标记样本和无标记样本,通过基于切空间的稀疏流形表示来自适应地揭示数据间的相似关系,并利用稀疏系数构建一个半监督相似图。在此基础上,增加了图中同类标记样本的权重,然后在低维空间中保持图的相似关系不变,并最小化加权距离和,获得投影矩阵实现特征提取。S3ME方法不仅能揭示数据间的稀疏流形结构,而且增强了同类数据的集聚性,能有效提取出鉴别特征,改善分类效果。该文提出的S3ME方法在PaviaU和Salinas高光谱数据集上的总体分类精度分别达到84.62%和88.07%,相比传统特征提取方法提升了地物分类性能。     

基于有监督的核局部线性嵌入的人脸性别识别

流形学习方法可以有效地发现存在于高维图像空间的低维子流形并进行维数约简,但它是一种非监督学习方法,其鉴别能力反而不如传统的维数约简方法,而且流形学习方法大多没有明晰的投影矩阵,很难直接对新样本进行维数约简.针对这两个问题,提出一种新的有监督的核局部线性嵌入算法(SKLLE,supervised kernel local linear embedding).该算法通过非线性核映射将人脸样本投影到高维核特征空间,然后将人脸局部流形的结构信息和样本的类别信息进行有效地结合进行维数约简,提取低维鉴别流形特征用于分类.SKLLE算法不仅能发现嵌入于高维人脸图像的低维子流形,而且增强了局部类间的联系,同时对新样本有较好的泛化性,实验结果表明该算法能有效的提高人脸性别识别的性能.     

基于非负稀疏图的高光谱数据降维

为减少因大量的光谱信息带来的计算复杂及数据冗余带来的高光谱数据分类性能降低,该文提出一种非负稀疏图降维算法.首先,构建超完备块字典对高维高光谱数据进行非负稀疏表示.然后,根据块非负稀疏表示,分别构建内部非负稀疏图和惩罚非负稀疏图,基于单调递减函数定义边的权重以体现样本间的相似程度.最后,通过同时最大化异类和最小化同类非负稀疏重构样本间的距离,得到从高维到低维的最优映射关系,从而实现对高维高光谱数据的降维.AVIRIS 92AV3C高光谱数据上的实验结果表明,所提算法能以较少的训练样本获得较高的整体分类精度和Kappa系数.     

基于无监督特征选择的高光谱图像分类方法

在高光谱图像分类中,丰富的数据提升了其地物 识别能力。然而,由于样本特 征数大且有标记训练样本点少,导致“维度灾难”问题。本文提出一种基于无监督特征选择 的高光谱图像分类方 法,该方法同时考虑数据的流形嵌入映射和稀疏表达,将特征选择问题转化为一个优 化问题,数据的流形嵌入和稀疏表达作为约束项加入目标函数。设计了三个目标函 数,第一个目标函数描述流形学习的局部性原则,第二个目标函数将原始样本点回归 到低维嵌入空间,第三个目标函数对回归系数进行正则化。针对目标函数非凸的问 题,用迭代的方法来解这个约束优化问题,给出了解该优化问题的算法。优选特征用 于参与后续的分类识别任务。在真实的高光谱数据集上的实验表明,新方法能够提高 分类的精度。     

基于图像欧氏距离的高光谱图像流形降维算法

提出两种基于图像欧氏距离的非线性降维方法.该方法利用高光谱图像物理特性, 将图像欧氏距离引入到传统的流形降维算法中.与其它应用于高光谱图像的降维算法相比, 该算法具有诸多优点.图像欧氏距离的引入, 在考虑高光谱图像本身的空间关系的同时, 很好地保持了数据点之间的局部特性, 可以实现有效地去除原始数据集光谱维和空间维的冗余信息.实际高光谱数据的实验结果表明, 该算法应用于高光谱图像分类时, 与其它常见的方法相比具有更高的分类精度.     

基于一种改进的监督流形学习算法的语音情感识别

为了有效提高语音情感识别的性能,需要对嵌入在高维声学特征空间的非线性流形上的语音特征数据作非线性降维处理。监督局部线性嵌入(SLLE)是一种典型的用于非线性降维的监督流形学习算法。该文针对SLLE存在的缺陷,提出一种能够增强低维嵌入数据的判别力,具备最优泛化能力的改进SLLE算法。利用该算法对包含韵律和音质特征的48维语音情感特征数据进行非线性降维,提取低维嵌入判别特征用于生气、高兴、悲伤和中性4类情感的识别。在自然情感语音数据库的实验结果表明,该算法仅利用较少的9维嵌入特征就取得了90.78%的最高正确识别率,比SLLE提高了15.65%。可见,该算法用于语音情感特征数据的非线性降维,可以较好地改善语音情感识别结果。     

基于SSMFA与kNNS算法的高光谱遥感影像分类

 为了研究高光谱影像数据的维数约简和分类问题,提出了一种基于半监督边际费希尔分析(SSMFA)和kNNS的高光谱遥感影像数据分类算法.该方法利用有标记数据和无标记数据的信息获得数据的内在流形结构,通过SSMFA将高光谱数据从高维观测空间投影到低维流形空间,然后利用邻域内多个近邻点的信息通过kNNS分类器对低维空间中的数据进行分类.在Urban、Washington和Indian Pine数据集上的分类识别实验表明,该方法能够较为有效地发现高维空间中数据的内蕴结构,在每类随机选取4,6,8个有类别标记的样本10个无类别标记的样本的情况下,该方法的总体分类精度能够比MFA+kNNS提高0.8%~2.5%,比MFA+kNN提高2.8%~4.5%,比其他算法提高4.0%~7.0%,分类精度有了明显的提高.     

基于流形学习的新高光谱图像降维算法

提出了一种新的基于图像块距离的邻域选择方法,并将其应用于流形学习中,得到一类新的高光谱图像非线性降维算法。该类算法利用高光谱图像物理特性,结合图像的光谱信息和空间信息,在最大限度减小图像信息冗余的基础之上,很好地保持了原始数据集的特性。与其它高光谱图像的降维算法相比,改进的流形学习算法不仅考虑到高光谱图像本身的空间关系,而且利用图像块距离更好地保持了数据点之间的局部特性,从而有效地去除原始数据集光谱维和空间维的冗余信息。实际高光谱数据的实验结果表明,所提出的算法在应用于高光谱图像分类时,与其它方法相比具有更高的分类精度。     

基于流形波段选择的高光谱图像分类

为解决高光谱图像中高维数据和有标记训练样本不 足的矛盾导致“维度灾难”问题,提出一种无监督的基于流形学习的波段选择(MLBS)方法。 首先通过流形学习方法,得到原始数据的流形嵌入映射;然后通过LASSO优化过程,运用顺 向坐标下降算法,得到原始波段对每个流形结构 维度的贡献度;最后统计每个波段的贡献度,选取贡献度大的波段形成波段子集。用 真实的AVIRIS高光谱图像对算法进行仿真实验的结果表明,本文方法在小样本下的高光谱 地物分类识别问题上具有良好的效果。     

面向高光谱图像分类的半监督Laplace鉴别嵌入

为有效提取出高光谱遥感图像数据的鉴别特征,该文阐述一种融合标记样本中鉴别信息和无标记样本中局部结构信息的半监督Laplace鉴别嵌入(SSLDE)算法。该算法利用标记样本的类别信息来保持样本集的可分性,并通过构建标记样本和无标记样本的Laplace矩阵来发现样本集中局部流形结构,实现半监督的流形鉴别。在KSC 和Urban数据集上的实验结果说明:该算法具有更高的分类精度,可以有效地提取出鉴别特征信息。在总体分类精度上,该算法比半监督最大边界准则(SSMMC)算法提升了6.3%~7.4%,比半监督流形保持嵌入(SSSMPE)算法提升了1.6%~4.4%。     

Sparse matrix transform-based linear discriminant analysis for hyperspectral image classification

Due to the high dimensionality of hyperspectral image (HSI), dimension reduction or feature extraction is usually needed before the HSI classification. Traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method for feature extraction usually encounters difficulty because the available training samples in HSI classification are limited, which causes the singularity of data scatter matrix. In this paper, we propose a sparse matrix transform-based LDA (SMT-LDA) algorithm for the HSI classification. By using SMT, the total scatter matrix used in LDA can be constrained to have an eigen-decomposition where the eigenvectors can be sparsely parametrized by a limited number of Givens rotations. In this way, the estimated scatter matrix is always positive definite and well conditioned even in the case of limited training samples. The proposed SMT-LDA method is compared with regularized LDA and PCA-LDA methods on two benchmark hyperspectral data sets. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed method is overall superior to these methods, especially for small-sample-size classification.     

Local maximal margin discriminant embedding for face recognition

In this paper, a manifold learning based method named local maximal margin discriminant embedding (LMMDE) is developed for feature extraction. The proposed algorithm LMMDE and other manifold learning based approaches have a point in common that the locality is preserved. Moreover, LMMDE takes consideration of intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of samples lying in each manifold. More concretely, for each data point, it pulls its neighboring data points with the same class label towards it as near as possible, while simultaneously pushing its neighboring data points with different class labels away from it as far as possible under the constraint of locality preserving. Compared to most of the up-to-date manifold learning based methods, this trick makes contribution to pattern classification from two aspects. On the one hand, the local structure in each manifold is still kept in the embedding space; one the other hand, the discriminant information in each manifold can be explored. Experimental results on the ORL, Yale and FERET face databases show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

空间一致性邻域保留嵌入的高光谱数据特征提取

局部线性嵌入(LLE)和邻域保留嵌入(NPE)等流形学习方法可以提取高光谱数据的主要结构特征,有助于对数据的理解和进一步处理。但是,这些方法忽视了高光谱图像中相邻像素之间的相关性。针对这个问题,提出一种基于空间一致性思想的邻域保留嵌入(SC-NPE)特征提取算法,通过一个优化的局部线性嵌入,并考虑相邻像素的相关特性,在高维空间建立数据的局部邻域结构。然后寻找一个优化的变换矩阵,将局部邻域结构投影到低维空间,实现数据的特征提取。与LLE和NPE算法相比,SC-NPE既考虑高光谱数据的流形结构,又考虑了其图像域空间信息,可以更好地应用在高光谱数据的特征提取过程中。实验结果表明,SC-NPE特征提取算法在高光谱图像分类方面的性能明显优于其他同类算法。     

Robust discriminative broad learning system for hyperspectral image classification

With the advantages of simple structure and fast training speed, broad learning system (BLS) has attracted attention in hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, BLS cannot make good use of the discriminative information contained in HSI, which limits the classification performance of BLS. In this paper, we propose a robust discriminative broad learning system (RDBLS). For the HSI classification, RDBLS introduces the total scatter matrix to construct a new loss function to participate in the training of BLS, and at the same time minimizes the feature distance within a class and maximizes the feature distance between classes, so as to improve the discriminative ability of BLS features. RDBLS inherits the advantages of the BLS, and to a certain extent, it solves the problem of insufficient learning in the limited HSI samples. The classification results of RDBLS are verified on three HSI datasets and are superior to other comparison methods.     

Dimensionality Reduction for Hyperspectral Data Based on Sample-Dependent Repulsion Graph Regularized Auto-encoder

To achieve high classification accuracy of hyperspectral data, a dimensionality reduction algorithm called Sample-dependent repulsion graph regularized auto-encoder (SRGAE) is proposed. Based on the sample-dependent graph, by applying the repulsion force to the samples from different classes but nearby, a sampledependent repulsion graph is built to make the samples from the same class will be projected to samples that are close-by and the samples from different classes will be projected to samples that are far away. The sampledependent repulsion graph can avoid the neighborhood parameter selection problem existing in the nearest neighborhood graph. By integrating advantages of deep learning and graph regularization technique, the SRGAE can maintain the learned deep features are consistent with the inherent manifold structure of the original hyperspectral data. Experimental results on two real hyperspectral data show that, when compared with some popular dimensionality reduction algorithms, the proposed SRGAE can yield higher classification accuracy.     

Multi-manifold metric learning for face recognition based on image sets

In this paper, we propose a new multi-manifold metric learning (MMML) method for the task of face recognition based on image sets. Different from most existing metric learning algorithms that learn the distance metric for measuring single images, our method aims to learn distance metrics to measure the similarity between manifold pairs. In our method, each image set is modeled as a manifold and then multiple distance metrics among different manifolds are learned. With these distance metrics, the intra-class manifold variations are minimized and inter-class manifold variations are maximized simultaneously. For each person, we learn a distance metric by using such a criterion that all the learned distance metrics are person-specific and thus more discriminative. Our method is extensively evaluated on three widely studied face databases, i.e., Honda/UCSD database, CMU MoBo database and YouTube Celebrities database, and compared to the state-of-the-arts. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种应用于人脸识别的非线性降维方法

局部线性嵌入算法(locally linear embedding,LLE)作为一种新的非线性维数约减算法,在高维数据可视化方面获得了成功的应用.然而LLE算法获取的特征从分类角度而言并非最优,而且LLE算法难以获取新样本点的低维投影.为解决这两个缺陷,提出了将非线性的LLE算法和线性判别分析算法(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)相结合的一种新的非线性降维方法,通过ORL、Havard和CMU PIE三个人脸库的实验,结果表明,该方法能够大幅度提高识别率,对光照、姿态及表情变化具有一定的鲁棒性.     

一种具有隐蔽色特征物体的图像分类方法研究

针对图像中某几类物体具有相似颜色特征而导致的分类困难问题,本文提出了一种具有隐蔽色特征物体的图像分类方法.该方法针对可见光图像中具有颜色隐蔽性物体而难以区分的问题,通过将二维图像的邻域像素空间特征与高光谱图像的谱段特征相结合并使用改进的局部线性嵌入降维算法实现了空谱联合的特征降维,最终利用主动学习胶囊网络训练高光谱数据...