La-Mn-O钙钛矿催化剂成分对NOx和碳烟同时催化去除的影响

将La-Mn-O钙钛矿型催化剂与碳黑充分研磨后置于固定床连续流动反应体系中,利用程序升温反应(TPR)技术,对同时催化去除NOx和碳烟的反应进行了实验研究,考察了Ce、K及Cu的掺入对La-Mn-O钙钛矿型催化剂性能的影响.研究结果表明,用适量的Ce或K取代LaMnO3中的La,催化剂的性能可以得到改善,进一步用适量的Cu取代La0.8K0.2MnO3中的Mn,催化剂的性能也得到进一步的提高.用La0.8K0.2Cu0.05Mn0.95O3当作催化剂时,NO向N2的最大转化率达到66.0%,碳黑的起燃温度为290℃,结果表明该催化剂在同时去除NOx和碳烟方面具有较好的选择性和较高的活性.     

大孔钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂制备及其对碳烟燃烧的催化性能

采用有机络合和溶液燃烧相结合的方法制备了La_1-xK_xFe_1-yCo_yO₃ (x=0, 0.1;y=0, 0.5)催化剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜等分析手段对La_1-xK_xFe_1-yCo_yO₃ 催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,制备的催化剂为钙钛矿型复合氧化物,具有蜂窝状大孔结构,平均孔径大于50 nm。采用超声辅助的方法让碳烟颗粒扩散到催化剂孔道内,利用程序升温反应技术评价了La_1-xK_xFe_1-yCo_yO₃ 催化剂对柴油车尾气中碳烟颗粒物的催化燃烧活性,结果表明,大孔钙钛矿催化剂具有较高的碳烟催化燃烧活性,与纯碳烟的燃烧峰值温度(Tm）相比,下降了（165~239） ℃。通过A位和B位离子的部分取代,可以使钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂的催化氧化性能进一步提高,m降低超过70 ℃。     

镧基钙钛矿材料的制备与催化碳烟性能研究

以La、K、Co, Ni的硝酸盐为主要原材料,采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备钙钛矿La_1-xK_xCo_0.1Ni_0.9O₃(x=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9)催化剂。利用扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射仪等对钙钛矿催化剂的形貌,物相进行表征。并用使用同步热分析仪研究钙钛矿催化剂对Soot(碳烟颗粒)催化性能。结果表明：La_0.7K_0.3Co_0.1Ni_0.9O₃钙钛矿纯度高,成相好,并且呈多孔结构,颗粒分布均匀,K⁺取代La³⁺,低价态的K⁺的原子半径大于高价态La³⁺的原子半径,会产生新的氧空位,同时吸附活化了晶格中的O₂,提高氧化还原性能,改善催化活性,有效提高了对Soot的催化效果。     

La1-xAgxCoO3钙钛矿催化剂的制备及烟碳颗粒催化燃烧性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备La_1-xAg_xCoO₃系列钙钛矿催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD和H₂-TPR表征。XRD结果表明,LaCoO₃钙钛矿中掺杂Ag,部分Ag进入晶格,同时部分Ag以单质形式存在于钙钛矿表面。H₂-TPR结果表明,Ag的掺杂有利于提高LaCoO₃催化剂的低温还原性能。在此基础上,考察催化剂在紧密接触条件下对标准碳和烟碳的催化燃烧性能,发现LaCoO₃钙钛矿可降低标准碳的起燃温度,在LaCoO₃催化剂中掺入Ag,标准碳的燃烧温度进一步降低。催化剂对标准碳的催化燃烧活性随着Ag添加量的增加而逐渐增加。La_1-xAg_xCoO₃催化剂对烟碳的催化燃烧具有较好活性,但Ag含量对催化剂在烟碳催化燃烧中的活性影响较小。为了在烟碳催化燃烧性能和降低卷烟燃烧温度之间建立关联,将催化剂添加到烟丝表面,考察催化剂的添加对卷烟最高燃烧温度的影响,结果表明,当催化剂添加量为烟丝质量的5%时,卷烟的最高燃烧温度可降低28 ℃。     

同时去除碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物催化剂研究进展

针对柴油车尾气排放的两大主要污染物碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物的同时催化去除,综述了贵金属催化剂、单一金属氧化物和复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,并提出了该催化研究领域存在的主要问题及发展方向.     

Fe掺杂对La0.9Sr0.1Co1-xFexO3催化剂同时净化NO和碳烟活性规律研究

采用柠檬酸-EDTA络合法制备了纳米钙钛矿催化剂La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_1-xFe_xO₃,催化剂具有较好的同时去除NO和碳烟(soot)催化活性,其中La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_0.7Fe_0.3O₃展现出最佳的催化活性,其在380.0℃时NO转化率为32.5%,soot最大燃烧速率温度(T_m)为368.5℃。H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和NO-程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)结果表明, Fe掺杂能显著提高催化剂低温还原性能、表面氧物种活性及NO吸附性能,这有利于其改善催化活性。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Fe掺杂能增加催化剂表面吸附氧浓度和高价离子(Co⁴⁺),这对提高催化氧化能力至关重要。采用颗粒物捕集器(DPF)作为载体涂覆CeO₂涂层用于负载La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_0.7Fe_0.3O₃催化剂进行柴油机台架实验,结果表明该催化剂具有较好的同时去除NO_x和soot催化活性,最大NO转化率为23.0%,T_m为341.0℃,表明Fe掺杂对提高催化活性至关重要。     

钙钛矿La1-xKxCoO3纳米晶的制备与结构及其对炭烟的催化燃烧性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了K 掺杂的La1-xKxCoO3系列钙钛矿结构柴油车尾气炭烟氧化催化剂,用XRD, TG-DTA及程序升温反应等技术详细研究了K 掺杂量及焙烧温度对催化剂结构和炭烟燃烧性能的影响,初步探讨了催化剂结构与性能之间的相关性. 实验结果表明,以蔗糖为络合剂在600℃下可以得到纯钙钛矿结构的La1-xKxCoO3纳米晶,其中菱方相为LaCoO3系钙钛矿的高温稳定相,升高焙烧温度及增加K 掺杂量都会促进钙钛矿结构由立方相转变为菱方相. K 的掺杂可以降低炭烟的燃烧温度,一定量的K可以提高炭烟的燃烧速率. 700℃焙烧的具有菱方相钙钛矿结构的La0.9K0.1CoO3具有最好的催化性能,对炭烟的起燃点和燃尽温度分别为240及387℃,可以通过柴油车自身的排气热量来实现炭烟的催化燃烧过程.     

负载型La-K-Cu-Mn-O催化剂同时去除颗粒物和NOx性能

通过在柴油机排放颗粒物过滤器上负载La_0.8K_0.2Cu_0.05Mn_0.95O₃复合金属氧化物催化剂并进行实际柴油机尾气挂烟,利用程序升温反应技术,对同时催化去除柴油机颗粒物和氮氧化物反应进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,空白载体上实际柴油机排放颗粒物燃烧生成的CO₂曲线呈双峰,分别对应于可溶性有机物和干碳烟的燃烧。负载型催化剂能有效降低可溶性有机物和干碳烟的燃烧温度,促进NO向N₂转化。与淤浆法相比,浸渍法负载的催化剂效果更好,浸渍法负载催化剂可以将起燃温度降至160 ℃,最高的NOx向N₂转化率达63.4%。     

钙钛矿La1-xKxCoO3纳米晶的制备与结构及其对炭烟的催化燃烧性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了K+掺杂的La1-xKxCoO3系列钙钛矿结构柴油车尾气炭烟氧化催化剂,用XRD, TG-DTA及程序升温反应等技术详细研究了K+掺杂量及焙烧温度对催化剂结构和炭烟燃烧性能的影响,初步探讨了催化剂结构与性能之间的相关性. 实验结果表明,以蔗糖为络合剂在600℃下可以得到纯钙钛矿结构的La1-xKxCoO3纳米晶,其中菱方相为LaCoO3系钙钛矿的高温稳定相,升高焙烧温度及增加K+掺杂量都会促进钙钛矿结构由立方相转变为菱方相. K+的掺杂可以降低炭烟的燃烧温度,一定量的K可以提高炭烟的燃烧速率. 700℃焙烧的具有菱方相钙钛矿结构的La0.9K0.1CoO3具有最好的催化性能,对炭烟的起燃点和燃尽温度分别为240及387℃,可以通过柴油车自身的排气热量来实现炭烟的催化燃烧过程.     

结构型LaMnO3钙钛矿催化剂的催化燃烧活性和热稳定性

为降低堇青石载体对钙钛矿催化剂活性和稳定性的影响,以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为基材,采用原位沉淀和悬浮浸渍技术分别制备了SiO₂和La₂O₃为涂层的结构型LaMnO₃催化剂,通过甲苯催化燃烧反应考察了催化剂的活性和热稳定性。结果表明,原位沉淀技术虽然可以均匀和高强度地在载体表面负载La、Mn活性组分,但无法在表面形成LaMnO₃钙钛矿的活性相。悬浮浸渍技术则可以保持LaMnO₃催化剂的结构和活性,结构催化剂与粉末LaMnO₃表现出相似的活性规律。La₂O₃涂层比SiO₂涂层可以更有效地保持LaMnO₃在蜂窝陶瓷载体表面的高活性和热稳定性。     

Nd2O3基复合氧化物上炭黑和NOx的同时催化去除特性

利用程序升温反应（TPR）技术，对同时催化去除柴油机炭黑和氮氧化物反应进行了研究.结果表明：稀土金属氧化物及其负载金属氧化物能在富氧条件下使炭黑（C）和氮氧化物（NO_x）互为氧化还原，主要生成CO₂和N₂，达到C-NO_x两者的同时催化去除.在Nd₂O₃等稀土氧化物上负载K和Mn等金属氧化物能降低炭黑的起燃温度，提高NO的还原转化率，其中K/Mn/Nd₂O₃ 上的催化反应同无催化反应相比，其炭黑起燃温度降低了170℃，最大NO→N₂转化率达到75.4％.K能显著降低起燃温度，并存在最佳负载量（2 mmol•g^-1）.K负载量过多，可能导致稀土金属氧化物上原有活性位的覆没.     

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO over the doped perovskite oxide YBa2Cu3O7-x catalysts

Perovskite oxide structured YBa₂Cu₃O₇-x(YBCO) has been first prepared by carbonate precipitation and then modified with palladium or ruthenium by impregnation on the perovskite oxide, while cobalt was co-precipitated simultaneously in the same pH range with perovskite oxide. After characterization the catalysts were used in the temperature range 300–450°C, in the pressure range 1–9 atmospheres and for H₂/CO ratios in the range 1–4 in a differential plug flow reactor for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to give hydrocarbons. The perovskite oxide (YBCO) 20% (w/w) and doped 2% (w/w) cobalt oxide catalyst were prepared by the wet chemical method from their nitrate solutions and oxidized at 950°C. Perovskite oxide (Dursun, G. & Winterbottom, J. M., J. Chem. Technol Biotechnol. 63 (1995) 113–16) was also doped with palladium and ruthenium metal by impregnation followed by oxidation at 250°C. The catalysts prepared were characterized by using TemperatureProgrammed Reduction (TPR) to observe the reduction temperature and also to measure total and metal surface area. The modified perovskite oxide on alumina, ruthenium- and cobalt-doped catalysts, has been shown to give a better conversion and also selectivity towards saturated hydrocarbons compared with palladium-doped catalyst. The temperature effect of these catalysts is more consistent, giving a steady increase of conversion with increasing temperature. Although increase of pressure increases the conversion, it causes very little change in product distribution. The activation energy of palladium- and ruthenium-doped, and cobalt co-precipitated catalysts for the reaction has been measured to be 55 kJ mol⁻¹, 75 kJ mol⁻¹ and 50 kJ mol⁻¹ respectively. A general rate equation of the form r=k[H₂]^m[CO]ⁿ has been observed and found to be applicable at the pressures and temperatures used for the catalytic system studied and found to be m≌1·0 for palladium-doped, m≌1·2 for ruthenium-doped and m≌0·95 for cobalt co-precipitated catalysts as n becomes zero or negligibly less than zero. The mechanism of reaction to produce hydrocarbons from syngas has been deduced from the results. It appeared that the carbon monoxide insertion mechanism has been more evident for palladium-doped catalysts whereas the carbide mechanism plays the main role for the ruthenium-doped and cobalt co-precipitated catalysts. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

含CeO2催化剂用于柴油车尾气炭烟氧化的研究

采用共沉淀法合成含CeO₂催化剂M-Ce-O（M＝Fe、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Mn）和纯CeO₂,对催化剂进行TPO活性测试及BET、XRD、FT-IR和H2 -TPR表征。结果表明,在Ce中添加过渡金属,改变了CeO₂的晶相结构,比表面积增大,催化剂促进炭烟的燃烧,其促进炭烟氧化的活性顺序为：Ni-Ce-O＞Mn-Ce-O＞Cu-Ce-O＞Fe-Ce-O＞Ce-O＞Co-Ce-O＞Zn-Ce-O,其中,Ni-Ce-O表现出较高的活性,对应起燃温度降至340 ℃。TPR表明,催化活性与500 ℃以下的表面可还原氧量相关。     

Properties of La1-xCexCoO3 system perovskite-type catalysts for diesel engine exhaust removal

A series of complex oxide La_1−x Ce _x CoO₃ catalysts was synthesized at a low temperature through a combustion process, in which x is among 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 corresponding to the quantity of La³⁺ partial substitution by Ce⁴⁺. The catalysts were characterized for phase composition using chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in removal of NO _x , total hydrocarbon (THC) and particulate matter (PM) from diesel exhaust gases were examined in detail using temperature-programmed reaction technique. The results show that after partial substitution of La³⁺ with Ce⁴⁺, the oxygen vacancy concentration increases significantly and a Co³⁺-Co²⁺ system is formed. Consequently, the catalytic activity in the removal of THC and NO _x is significantly improved. But for the PM, the effect is not so obvious. The possible catalytic mechanism for this was presented. It is also worth noting that the doped catalysts showed good stability. Translated from Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2006, 34(1): 85–90 [译自: 燃料化学学报]     

Ag/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂中Ag的负载量对碳烟燃烧活性的影响

开发低温下高催化活性的柴油机碳烟颗粒燃烧催化剂是当前环境催化领域的热点问题。利用共沉淀的方法制备了用于碳烟催化燃烧反应的Ag/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂催化剂。活性评价结果表明,相对于Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂催化剂,Ag的引入可显著降低碳烟催化燃烧温度。而且,Ag的负载量存在一个最佳值。以XRD、in-situ XRD、BET、TPR等表征手段探究了该系列催化剂结构性质及其变化产生的影响。结果表明,Ag与Ce物种间的相互作用可显著降低催化剂（特别是CeO₂表面氧）的还原温度。该相互作用使Ag/Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂催化剂在一定温度下（>200℃）就表现出Ag⁺的性质。这些性质与该催化剂具有较高的碳烟氧化活性相关。而且,该催化剂也表现出良好的稳定性。     

Simultaneous removal of NO and carbon particulates over lanthanoid perovskite-type catalysts

The simultaneous removal of carbon particulate and NO_x has been studied over perovskite-type oxides prepared by malic acid method. The catalysts were modified to enhance the activity by substitution of metal into A- or B-site of perovskite oxide. In the LaCoO₃ catalyst, the partial substitution of Cs into A-site enhanced the catalytic activity in the combustion of soot particulate and NO reduction. In La_1−xCs_xCoO₃ catalysts, the ignition temperature of carbon particulate decreases with increasing x values and shows almost constant values at substitution of x>0.2 and NO conversion also shows the similar tendency. In the Cs-substituted oxide, the ignition temperature of carbon particulate slightly decreased in the order Co>Mn>Fe of B-site metal cation but NO conversion showed almost similar values. With increasing NO concentration, NO conversion decreased but the ignition temperature moved to high temperature when the NO concentration was higher than 1000 ppm. The carbon particulate played an important role on the reduction of NO, but NO had little effect on the oxidation of carbon particulate.