基于风格迁移纹理合成与识别的构造式信息隐藏

传统的信息隐藏算法大都通过修改载体达到隐藏秘密信息的目的,但不可避免地会在载体数据中留下修改痕迹,故常难以抵抗隐写分析技术的检测,为此无载体信息隐藏应运而生.无载体信息隐藏并非不使用载体,而是不对载体数据进行修改.为了提高无载体信息隐藏算法的隐藏容量和鲁棒性,提出了一种基于风格迁移纹理合成与识别的构造式信息隐藏算法.该算法首先选取不同类别的自然图像和纹理图像分别建立内容图像库和纹理风格图像库,并根据内容图像库中自然图像的类别构建二进制码的映射字典;其次为了接收方能够从含密图像中提取出秘密信息,需要构建带标签的纹理图像库,并将其作为训练集输入到卷积神经网络中,通过迭代训练获得纹理图像识别模型.在秘密信息隐藏时,根据秘密信息片段选择对应类别的自然图像,并按照一定的顺序组合成含密拼接图像,随后从纹理图像库中随机选择一张纹理图像,通过风格迁移的方法将含密拼接图像转换成含密纹理图像,从而完成秘密信息隐藏过程.在信息提取过程中,通过纹理图像识别模型可准确识别出含密纹理图像原本对应的图像类别,再对照映射字典即可提取出秘密信息.实验结果表明,所提算法生成的含密纹理图像具有良好的视觉效果,秘密信息隐藏容...     

基于图像的无载体信息隐藏技术研究

近年来,无载体信息隐藏成为了热门的研究方向,其中,基于图像的无载体信息隐藏算法具有较高的研究价值。文章对图像的无载体信息隐藏的相关算法进行了分类并简要梳理。首先,介绍了算法的图像编码算法,并根据算法评估指标对同一类别的算法进行了分析对比,然后得到该类别算法的优点和不足,最后,总结了图像的无载体信息隐藏存在的问题,给出了未来的研究和改进方向。     

抗隐写密钥分析的LSB隐写算法

LSB算法是一种典型的空间域信息隐藏算法,由于嵌入信息量大、算法简单而成为最常见的信息隐藏算法,也同时成为了隐写分析者很感兴趣的对象。针对隐写位置密钥的攻击,本文提出了一种改进的LSB隐写算法,先在图像各像素的LSB位嵌入噪声信息,再在密钥的控制下有选择性地在部分像素点嵌入隐藏信息。在已知载体图像或已知多幅用同一载体进行信息隐藏的载密图像的情况下,可以有效抵御针对隐写位置密钥的攻击,提高了LSB算法的安全性。同时该思想也可应用于基于DCT域等频域的隐藏算法中。     

基于分形艺术图形的密写术

密写术作为信息隐藏的一个重要分支,是近年来研究的热点领域之一.目前高校和研究机构已经提出了许多基于图像、视频、音频和文本载体的密写算法,然而这些载体具有各自内在的统计特性,这些统计特性的变化给攻击者提供了很好的检测依据.分形艺术图形生成简单,并且具有可以控制产生特性各异的统计特征的特点.因此提出以分形艺术图形作为载体进行信息隐藏的密写新算法.理论和实验结果表明,以分形艺术图形作为隐藏载体,具有传统载体无法比拟的优点.该研究结果对拓宽密写算法的研究具有现实意义.     

基于24位BMP图像的抗RQP检测LSB算法

针对24位BM P彩色图像RQP算法,提出一种改进的LSB隐写算法。在隐秘过程中将载体图像的像素按颜色值分为若干集合,将每个集合的所有像素作为统一整体进行信息隐藏。其核心思想是通过减小隐秘图像中单一颜色数和相邻颜色对数的相对变化,实现对RQ P隐写分析算法的抵抗能力。实验选取120幅24位BM P彩色图片作为载体进行信息隐藏,分析结果表明,该算法在保证一定隐藏容量的基础上,对RQ P隐写分析有较强的抵抗能力和视觉隐藏效果。     

基于U-Net结构的生成式多重对抗隐写算法

人工智能的发展为信息隐藏技术带来越来越多的挑战,提高现有隐写方法的安全性迫在眉睫.为提高图像的信息隐藏能力,提出一种基于U-Net结构的生成式多重对抗隐写算法.所提算法通过生成对抗网络与隐写分析器优化网络、隐写分析对抗网络间的多重对抗训练,构建生成式多重对抗隐写网络模型,生成适合信息隐写的载体图像,提高隐写图像抗隐写分析能力;同时,针对现有生成对抗网络只能生成随机图像,且图像质量不高的问题,设计基于U-Net结构的生成式网络模型,将参考图像的细节信息传递到生成载体图像中,可控地生成高质量目标载体图像,增强信息隐藏能力;其次,采用图像判别损失、均方误差(MSE)损失和隐写分析损失动态加权组合作为网络迭代优化总损失,保障生成式多重对抗隐写网络快速稳定收敛.实验表明,基于U-Net结构的生成式多重对抗隐写算法生成的载体图像PSNR最高可达到48.60 dB,隐写分析器对生成载体图像及其隐写图像的判别率为50.02%,所提算法能够生成适合信息嵌入的高质量载体图像,保障隐写网络快速稳定收敛,提高了图像隐写安全性,可以有效抵御当前优秀的隐写分析算法的检测.     

基于磁盘的信息隐藏系统

近年来,在通信领域,信息隐藏技术正越来越受到重视。信息隐藏中的一个重要的子学科是信息隐写技术(Steganography),大量的信息隐藏方案被提了出来,但在这些算法中的载体几乎都是声音,图像或视频信号中的一种。文章提出了一种新的信息隐藏方案,该方案中用于隐藏秘密信息的载体为磁盘中的文件分配表。最后对其安全性进行了讨论。     

一种新的基于双伪随机数的图像隐写算法

为提高数字图像隐写中的隐藏信息容量,提出了一种基于双伪随机数的图像隐写算法.首先介绍了伪随机数生成和双像素嵌入信息原理,然后将随机产生的整数伪随机数看作一个辅助像素值,结合载体图像中的一个像素值将两位秘密信息同时嵌入到一个载体图像像素中,从而在像素改变较小的情况下提高隐藏容量.最后分析了算法的嵌入性能,并通过仿真实验证明,该方法在提高隐藏信息容量的同时,也具有很好的安全性能.     

一种基于GAN和纠错编码技术的无嵌入隐写方法

为解决传统的信息隐藏技术中隐写容量小和隐写安全性低的不足,提出了利用生成式对抗网络(GAN)的无载体信息隐藏方法.首先利用噪声驱动生成器直接生成含密图像,然后训练秘密信息提取器以恢复隐藏的秘密消息.同时,进一步优化了提取器的训练任务,并引入冗余纠错编码技术.实验结果表明,相比同类方法,在大隐写容量的情况下,具有更高的信息提取准确率,同时加快了提取器的训练收敛速度.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).