Effects of chemical structure on the properties of carboxylate-type copolymer dispersant for coal-water slurry

In this study, a series of carboxylate-type copolymer dispersants were prepared. The effects of chemical structures of the copolymer dispersants, including the molecular weight, kind, quantity and ratio of hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups, and side chain length, on the solid loading, apparent viscosity, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and stability of coal-water slurry (CWS) prepared from Dongtan, Yima, and Datong coals were systematically investigated. The dispersion performance of the copolymer can be improved by adjusting its chemical structures, and the dispersion mechanism was discussed. In addition, a high solid loading CWS with excellent stability toward settling can be achieved by means of the copolymer dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na). Experiments have proved that the copolymer has the potential to be developed as a new high-effective dispersant for CWS. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

马来海松酸醇酰胺的合成及其对神华煤分散作用的研究

以松香为原料,与顺丁烯二酸酐加成,再经二乙醇胺改性得到一种多元环状结构的马来海松酸醇酰胺水煤浆分散剂。分散剂含有多个醇酰胺链段,能使水很快润湿煤表面。结合水煤浆在不同浓度、pH、转速等条件下的流变行为和Zeta电位,讨论了分散剂对陕西神华煤成浆性的影响,初步探讨了该分散剂与煤粒的作用机理。研究认为分散剂加入后,以疏水基团与煤表面相连,亲水基团与水相连,并通过亲水链段的空间位阻效应,有效阻隔了煤粒间的聚集,使煤粒得到均匀分散,达到了降低水煤浆粘度,提高稳定性的作用。     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究(Ⅵ)分散剂对水煤浆静态稳定性的影响

用1 4种不同变质程度的煤与1 0种分散剂成浆,研究了不同CWS的静态稳定性.结果表明,低阶的煤成浆稳定性主要取决于煤质特性,且煤的亲水性越强,CWS的稳定性越好.而高阶煤的成浆稳定性,主要依赖于分散剂的结构特征.分散剂对CWS稳定性的影响,主要取决于吸附在煤粒表面的分散剂间所产生的直接或间接的相互作用,当这种相互作用能使煤粒间在静态时形成大的三维网络结构时,则CWS具有很好的稳定性.建立了用流变曲线参数表示的CWS稳定系数模型,可用于描述不同流变特性CWS的静态稳定性.     

复配分散剂与不同煤化程度煤成浆性能的研究

为了考察复配分散剂对不同煤化程度煤的成浆性能的影响,以木质素磺酸钠与萘磺酸钠复配分散剂对山西王坡煤(WP)、淮北朱仙庄煤(ZXZ)、内蒙古上湾煤(SW)3种不同煤化程度的煤样进行了制浆试验。结果表明:复配分散剂对上湾煤样所成浆的流动性和稳定性产生较大影响,但成浆浓度不高;对较高煤化程度煤样的成浆性提高效果明显,选用3号分散剂王坡煤的成浆浓度达到最大66.8%;朱仙庄煤选用4号分散剂可以制成流动性和稳定性较好的煤浆,其煤浆浓度达67.0%。木质素磺酸钠及萘磺酸复配分散剂的协同作用对不同煤化程度煤样成浆性的影响与煤的结构有关,此复配分散剂对煤化程度较高煤的成浆性提高较有利。     

酶解木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物的合成与应用

以酶解木质素、亚硫酸氢钠、偏重亚硫酸氢钠、丙酮和甲醛为原料制备酶解木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物(E-LSAF),并作为水煤浆制备中的添加剂。通过测定E-LSAF的红外光谱、吸附量和ζ-电位的,探讨了添加E-LSAF对水煤浆体系的影响,并对比了E-LSAF、碱木质素―磺化丙酮―甲醛缩聚物(A-LSAF)和工业木素磺酸钠作为水煤浆添加剂对水煤浆分散稳定性的影响。E-LSAF作为添加剂应用于水煤浆的制备中,既可以有效地利用酶解木质素,又可降低水煤浆制备的成本,提高水煤浆的分散稳定性能。     

复合型丙烯酸系水煤浆分散剂的性能研究

以α-甲基丙烯酸、丙烯磺酸钠为原料合成的阴离子型分散剂PMS,和以α-甲基丙烯酸、丙烯磺酸钠、苯乙烯为原料合成的复合型分散剂MSS,分别用于水煤浆制浆,首先考察2种分散剂对水煤浆的黏度、流变性及稳定性的影响,并采用红外光谱、凝胶色谱等物理方法对产物进行分析。研究发现,与PMS相比,改进后的复合型分散剂MSS性质稳定,改善了水煤浆性能,具有很好的降黏效果,并明显增强了浆体的静态稳定性。     

水煤浆分散剂研究进展

水煤浆 ( CWS)是一种新型煤基液体燃料 .分散剂是水煤浆添加剂中的主要组分 ,是决定水煤浆性能的关键 .对水煤浆工业中普遍使用的阴离子型分散剂包括萘系、聚烯烃系、聚羧酸系、腐殖酸系和木质素磺酸盐系分散剂进行了评述 ,对非离子型分散剂和复配分散剂作了介绍 ,探讨了分散剂的分子结构对煤浆的流变性和静态稳定性的影响 ,并对水煤浆分散剂的研究开发与工业应用前景作了展望 .     

改性木质素磺酸盐水煤浆添加剂对神华煤制浆性能的影响

针对神华煤难以制成高浓度水煤浆的现状,采用Haake RV-Ⅰ流变仪等研究了改性木质素磺酸盐水煤浆添加剂(GCL3S)对神华煤水煤浆制浆性能的影响,GCL3S的质量分数为0.8%、制得的煤浆中煤质量分数达到62.63%,黏度可低至896 mPa.s,优于同等条件下萘系添加剂(FDN)的降黏效果,在接近中性条件下GCL3S的制浆性能最好,升高温度可以提高浆中煤的质量分数,对于用GCL3S制得的浆体,最佳搅拌时间是20~40 m in,其抗剪切性能明显优于FDN,GCL3S对煤浆的稳定时间为10 d,优于萘系添加剂。     

水煤浆分散剂的研究进展

对水煤浆工业中普遍使用的阴离子和非离子分散刑的种类作了介绍,简要概括了其分散机理。并对水煤浆分散剂的研究开发与工业应用前景作了展望。     

The Selective Thinning Effect of Dispersing Aluminas

The results of a study of the thinning efficiency of dispersants of four types applied to a concentrated suspension of high-alumina cement, reactive aluminas, spinel, and complex mixtures are reported. The thinning effect is controlled by the chemical nature (composition) of the suspension's solid phase and may differ quite significantly from dispersant to dispersant.     

国产聚乙烯醇类分散剂在悬浮法PVC生产中的应用

通过对比目前使用的3种进口聚乙烯醇分散剂(A、B、C)和3种国产聚乙烯醇分散剂(1、2、3)的各项性能,分析了分散剂产品差异的原因,研究了不同国产分散剂替代进口分散剂对悬浮法高聚合度PVC树脂生产工艺参数和产品性能的影响.结果表明:①分散剂1与其他分散剂混合使用效果较好,单独使用分散剂1与同类进口分散剂相比有明显差距;...     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附特性

通过溶液聚合合成一系列苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物分散剂.研究了不同单体摩尔比对其产率和在吡虫啉颗粒表面吸附性能的影响,结果表明当两种单体摩尔比为0.8时分散剂的产率和吸附性能相对最优.通过振荡吸附实验研究了最优分散剂在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附动力学、等温线和热力学,由XPS近似计算不同温度下分散剂的吸附层厚度.结果表明:吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型;吸附热力学表明该吸附为自发、放热、熵增过程,高温不利于吸附进行;DH_ad < 40 kJ·mol^-1表明该吸附过程为物理吸附;吸附层厚度随温度升高而降低.通过与其他商品化分散剂对比可知该共聚物适合作为分散剂用于吡虫啉的水基化剂型.     

不同降解方式对淀粉基水煤浆分散剂性能的影响

分别采用氧化法(H₂O₂为氧化剂)、酸解法(HCl)两种不同的方式制备降解淀粉,在相同的实验条件下,以丙烯酸(AA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)为单体,H₂O₂-Fe²⁺为引发剂,通过自由基聚合反应制备3种淀粉基水煤浆分散剂。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹HNMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物的分子结构、相对分子质量及分布进行了表征和分析。将3种分散剂应用于彬长煤制浆,考察对比了浆体的表观黏度、分散剂最佳添量、最大制浆浓度、流变性、Zeta电位、吸附特性及静态稳定性等。结果表明,经氧化降解制备的淀粉基水煤浆分散剂在最佳添加量0.4%(质量分数)时,水煤浆最大制浆浓度可达到67%,表观黏度为906mPa·s,煤粒表面的Zeta电位由–12.1mV变化到–47.3mV,相较于由玉米淀粉及酸降解淀粉制备的水煤浆分散剂对彬长煤具有更好的降黏、分散、稳定作用。     

Defect free carbon tapes as thermal fugitives for multilayer ceramic application

Rheological studies of carbon powder were carried out with different dispersants and solvent systems. Irrespective of the dispersant used, in Xyl-EtOH (50∶50), when the dispersant concentration is 0–2 wt-%, shear thinning behaviour only is observed. Optimum dispersant concentration for MFO and KD-1 is found to be 3 wt-%. Even for other solvent systems such as Tol-EtOH and MEK-EtOH, MFO and KD-1 were found to be good dispersants. For a given dispersant, Xyl-EtOH with 50∶50 ratio was found to be the optimum with minimum viscosity and yield stress. Based on this, tape casting of carbon powder was carried out using Xyl-EtOH (50∶50) as the solvent system with KD-1 (3 wt-%) as the dispersant for a solid loading of 30 wt-%. The tapes were agglomerate free yet severe drying related problems were observed. Defect free carbon tapes of desired thickness were achieved by controlling the evaporation and diffusion rates of solvents.     

氧化硅凝胶注模成形技术研究

研究了分散剂的种类、用量、料浆pH值、球磨时间、有机单体含量等因素对氧化硅料浆性能的影响,制备出固相体积分数达42vol%,流变性能够满足凝胶注模工艺要求的二氧化硅料浆,并成功制备了复杂形状的二氧化硅坯体。对凝胶注模成形二氧化硅坯体低温烧结技术进行了研究,提出了素烧、浸渍工艺,有效地降低了二氧化硅坯体的烧成温度。实验表明:二氧化硅凝胶注模成形坯体在1200℃素烧,冷却后浸渍硅溶液,可在1300℃烧结。     

丙烯酸类共聚物分散剂的合成及其分散性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为单体设计正交实验,经聚合反应得到AA-SSS-HPA共聚物分散剂,测定了各种分散剂的分子量及对BaSO4的悬浮率. 选择分散效果最好的分散剂作为研究对象,考察了温度、pH值、盐浓度、分散剂用量对BaSO4分散效果的影响,测定了悬浮液的沉降速度、粘度和颗粒的表面吸附量,并对分散后的颗粒粒径分布进行了表征. 结果表明,在20℃的中性体系中,分散剂用量为0.4000 g时,BaSO4悬浮率可达99.18%, BaSO4颗粒粒径约为350 nm,悬浮液静置60 h后,上层清液体积仅占总体积的2%.     

Inter-particle interactions of alumina powders in UV-curable suspensions for DLP stereolithography and its effect on rheology,solid loading,and self-leveling behavior

For the UV-curable alumina suspensions used in digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography, optimizing the dispersant type is important for achieving low viscosity, high solid loading, and remarkable self-leveling behavior. However, the inter-particle interactions in UV-curable alumina suspensions dispersed using different dispersants are overlooked. Herein, the effect of inter-particle interactions on rheology, solid loading, and self-leveling behavior of UV-curable alumina suspensions was systematically investigated. Three different commercial dispersants were used: oleic acid (OA), alkane-acrylic phosphate ester (PM1590), and copolymer dispersant (BYK111). After dispersing, BYK111 endowed alumina powders with thicker adsorption polymer layer to provide stronger steric repulsion force and facilitated better wetting of alumina powers in the photocurable resin, resulting in a reduced network structure degree, which decreased the viscosity (1.04 Pa s at 30 s^?1); homogeneous packing of alumina powders, which enhanced the maximum solid loading (55 vol%); and inhibition of particle flocculation, which facilitated the spontaneous spreading of suspension.     

Evaluation of sulphonated acetone–formaldehyde (SAF) used in coal water slurries prepared from different coals

A new type of water-soluble polymer, sulphonated acetone–formaldehyde resin (SAF), was developed as dispersant for the preparation of highly-loaded coal water slurry (CWS). In this study, in order to evaluate the practical use in industry, the SAF and a naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate are used to prepare CWS using four Chinese coals with different coalification degrees. The evaluation of the properties of CWS shows that SAF has better ability in reducing CWS viscosity at lower dosage than naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and that the CWS prepared from SAF has excellent stability within 48 h and exhibits shear-thinning apparent viscosity/shear rate behavior at lower dosage. Based on the results, the SAF is an effective and promising dispersant for highly-loaded CWS.     

纳米微粒及其分散剂对溴化锂溶液表面张力和沸腾温度的影响

在纯溴化锂溶液中加入纳米微粒或分散剂,对比测试其与纯溴化锂溶液的表面张力和沸腾温度的数据,并从所用分散剂的分子结构和纳米微粒的尺寸及外部轮廓的角度出发,定性推测不同种类分散剂及纳米微粒对溴化锂溶液表面张力和沸腾温度的影响.试验发现,添加分散剂溶液的表面张力明显降低,其沸腾温度也相应减小;固体纳米微粒因其填充加热表面凹坑使溶液的沸腾温度有所升高.对于加入纳米微粒及其分散剂的溴化锂溶液,溶液表面张力衰减的正效应因素和纳米微粒填充凹坑的负效应因素的耦合影响将对其沸腾温度产生重要影响.     

云南西双版纳埃洛石的分散研究

以云南西双版纳的埃洛石为研究对象,通过测定矿浆的粘度,确定了无分散剂条件下搅拌强度、矿浆固含量、pH值等对分散的影响;研究了添加聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠三种分散剂对分散的影响.结果表明:三种分散剂对埃洛石都有较好的分散作用,分散剂的降粘能力的大小为:聚丙烯酸钠>六偏磷酸钠>焦磷酸钠.三种分散剂的适宜的pH值为:聚丙烯酸钠pH值大于7,六偏磷酸钠pH值大于6.2,焦磷酸钠pH值大于8.2.