浅析我国废轮胎热裂解技术发展的问题及建议

废轮胎既是黑色污染,也是高品质资源的原材料,本文结合我国各类废轮胎处理技术现状,阐述了废轮胎处理的综合利用技术方向,结合当前技术水平初步提出其实现形式技术方案,明确了废轮胎充分资源化利用的主要方向和途径,对比分析表明热裂解技术是废轮胎批量化处理的择优方向。根据笔者从事我国压水堆专项、重型燃机专线以及在固废、废气处理方面装备研发经验,结合我国"固废资源化"专项指南需求,提出当前阶段我国废轮胎热裂解技术发展中需重点解决的难题及建议,主要包括先进热裂解装备研制的技术体系建设、关键技术难题,以及重点研究方向。本研究结果可为我国相关行业的装备研发提供指导。     

废轮胎(橡胶)热裂解回收利用的新进展

介绍了废轮胎(橡胶)热裂解回收利用所获得的政策支持。分析了废轮胎(橡胶)热裂解工艺水平的提高,如正压改微负压,采用缺氧和无氧技术等。总结了废轮胎(橡胶)在设备方面的改进与提高。     

简析废轮胎的热解和热裂解处理技术

正随着汽车工业及交通运输业的迅速发展,轮胎生产量急剧增长,随之产生大量的废轮胎。因其废弃量巨大且难以处理而越来越引起人们的关注,已成为新型废弃物控制中的焦点问题。为实现废轮胎的"资源化、减量化和无害化"处理,采用废轮胎的热化学处理技术(焚烧、热解和气化)应用而生。尤其是热解和热裂解技术的推广,不仅可有效处理废轮胎,消除污染,还可从一定程度上缓解我国的能源危机。一、热解和热裂解的区别热解是指在还原性气体氛围下加热有机物质,破     

整合资源 共享经验 创新发展--中国轮胎循环利用协会“2021年全国废轮胎/橡胶热裂解行业交流研讨会”在湖北省十堰市顺利召开

为推动和引领我国废轮胎/橡胶热裂解行业规范发展,提高再生资源的利用率,由中国轮胎循环利用协会橡胶热裂解分会主办的"2021年全国废轮胎/橡胶热裂解行业交流研讨会"于2021年12月16日在湖北省十堰市顺利召开。会议的协办单位为双星集团/伊克斯达(青岛)控股有限公司,支持单位为浙江天铁实业股份有限公司。会议以"整合资源共享经验创新发展"为主题,诚邀行业专家以及全国废轮胎/橡胶热裂解行业的知名企业到会交流分享最前端的生产技术,国家政策的解读以及行业未来的发展规划与趋势。     

废轮胎裂解炭黑在全钢子午线轮胎过渡层胶中的应用研究

<正>随着汽车用量的增加,废轮胎产量越来越多,造成废轮胎的大量堆积,不仅是一种资源浪费,更带来了严重的"黑色污染"。目前,对于废轮胎处理较为先进的方法是微负压高温裂解法~([1,2]),可将其转变成有价值的裂解油、裂解气、裂解炭黑(简称CBp)和钢丝等资源,对缓解我国石化资源紧缺具有重要的战略意义~([3,4])。CBp是废轮胎热裂解后的关键产     

开元橡塑牛长红 热裂解是废轮胎最终的处理方式

正长期以来"土法炼油"充斥市场,存在着严重的安全隐患和环境污染,能耗大、效率低。目前工业连续化废轮胎低温催化热裂解工艺已成为国际领先的轮胎无公害处理技术,设备无需打开,实现了工业连续化生产,消除了二次污染,真正做到了对废轮胎吃干榨净,对废轮胎的资源综合利用起到百分之百的利用。通过热裂解技术将废轮胎转化为经济附加值较高的燃料油、     

废轮胎热裂解回收过程中废钢丝的综合利用

在废轮胎热裂解回收过程中,会产生15-20%固体废钢丝。因为废轮胎热裂解回收大都没有配备固体废钢丝深加工设备装置和工艺技术,所以目前废轮胎固体钢丝是唯一没有有效利用的产物。而轮胎胎圈钢丝切割可加工制成钢丝切丸;帘线钢丝是碳含量为0.7%的高锰高碳钢,其强度和硬度是加工铸造钢丸的极佳材料。本文通过创新性阐述废轮胎热裂解过程中钢丝深加工工艺技术,诣在为废轮胎热裂解回收行业开创一条固体废钢丝综合利用新渠道,使废轮胎热裂解在回收利用过程能够较大幅度地提高固体废钢丝的附加值。     

废轮胎“黑色污染”难题全球求解——中国:用“黑科技”撬动废轮胎循环经济

<正>日益加剧的废轮胎对全球生态环境造成了严重压力。近来,双星集团联合国内9所高校宣布攻克了这一世界性难题,将原来的"黑色污染"变成了"黑色黄金",为全球废轮胎的处理提供了"中国模式"。"黑色污染"难题破解进入4月,位于河南省汝南县的双星伊克斯达废橡胶绿色裂解智能工厂也和这天气一样"热"     

催化剂在废轮胎裂解中作用的研究

本文报道了催化剂在废轮胎裂解中作用的研究。试验在热重量天平上进行，气氛为氮气。在国内首交使用热重分析法（ＴＧ）对五种过渡族金属的氯化物和氧化物作为催化剂在废轮胎妥中的作用作了较详细的研究，发现它们可不同程度地降低裂解温度。     

如何推进连续化废轮胎橡胶热裂解技术及装备的产业化应用

<正>尊敬的朱军会长、各位来宾、女士们、先生们：大家上午好！我今天的汇报题目是“如何推进连续化废轮胎橡胶热裂解技术及装备的产业化应用”。热裂解技术目前已成为有机废弃物处理的主流技术之一,废轮胎热裂解是在无氧或缺氧的环境中,废轮胎中的大分子橡胶组分受热转化成分子量较小的再生油、少量热解气的过程,橡胶组分裂解完成后,原添加在轮胎中的炭黑和钢丝成为裂解的固体产物。     

生物质热解研究进展

当今社会面临着能源短缺和环境破坏日益严重等问题,生物质能源作为可再生绿色能源,大量开发利用对于工业和社会生活中具有重要的意义。生物质热解技术是将生物质转化成生物质能的有效可行方法之一。为实现生物质能源工业化、规模化生产,必须要完善热解反应技术及其核心热解反应器装置。在分析了生物质热解机理的基础上,着重介绍了热解反应器的类型以及其特点。     

辣根过氧化物酶催化反应在荧光分析中的应用

辣根过氧化物酶催化反应对Ｈ２Ｏ２具有很高的专一性。在ＨＲＰ催化荧光分析中讨论荧光底物的结构,将有助于揭示酶催化反应机一,对提高分析方法,灵敏度将有着极其重要的应用价值和深远意义。     

A novel test method for catalysts in the treatment of biomass pyrolysis oil

A novel microscale test method was developed for testing catalysts. A pyrolyser connected to a gas chromatograph was used for pyrolysing the biomass sample and for leading the pyrolysis vapours through the catalyst for instant analysis. The injection port of the gas chromatograph was used as a fixed-bed catalyst reactor. Detection of reaction products was carried out with an atomic emission detector to quantify the various elements or with a mass selective detector to identify the compounds.

The test method was applied to treating pyrolysis vapours of Scots pine sawdust with ZnO, MgO, dolomite and limestone. Mass balances for carbon and hydrogen were determined with and without the catalyst. The carbon yields in liquid fraction decreased with all the catalysts studied. The highest yields were obtained with ZnO. Product distribution in pyrolysis vapours was rather similar with ZnO or without any catalyst. With MgO, dolomite and limestone, the compounds of pyrolysis vapours comprised mainly gases, water and degradation products of polysaccharides as well as some aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Molten waste plastic pyrolysis in a vertical falling film reactor and the influence of temperature on the pyrolysis products

Molten plastics are characterised with high viscosity and low thermal conductivity. Applying falling film pyrolysis reactor to deal with waste plastics can not only improve heat transfer efficiency, but also solve the flow problem.In this work, the pyrolysis process of molten polypropylene(PP) in a vertical falling film reactor is experimentally studied, and the influence of heating temperature on pyrolysis products is discussed. It has been found that with the temperature increases from 550 ℃ to 625 ℃, the yield of pyrolysis oil decreases from 74.4 wt%(± 2.2 wt%) to53.5 wt%(±1.3 wt%). The major compositions of the pyrolysis oil are C_9, C_(12) and C_(18), and β-scission reactions are predominant. The content of the light fraction C_6-C_(12) of pyrolysis oil is 69.7 wt%. Compared with other pyrolysis reactors, the yield of oil from vertical falling film pyrolysis reactor is slightly higher than that from tubular reactor,equal to that from rotary kiln reactor, and slightly lower than that in medium fluidised-bed reactor.     

Prediction of Biomass Pyrolysis Mechanisms and Kinetics: Application of the Kalman Filter

In order to predict the pyrolysis mechanisms of four different biomasses (Asbos (Psilocaulon utile), Kraalbos (Galenia africane), Scholtzbos (Pteronia pallens), and palm shell), a novel method called Kalman filter was investigated and the results were compared by regression analysis. Both analyses were applied to five different generalized biomass pyrolysis models consisting of parallel and serial irreversible-reversible reaction steps. The models consisting of reversible reactions in addition to parallel pyrolysis steps demonstrated a better fit with the experimental results. The pyrolysis step from biomass to bio-oil has the highest reaction rates compared with the other pyrolysis steps defined in the models. The Kalman filter is thus defined as a promising filtering and prediction method for the estimation of detailed pyrolysis mechanisms and model parameters, using minimum experimental data.     

Energetic use of the tomato plant waste

A study of the conventional pyrolysis of the tomato plant waste has been carried out. The objective of this work was to characterize the solid, liquid and gaseous phases obtained in the process for their possible utilization in energy generation. Also, a study of the influence of operation variables has been performed, determining the optimal conditions in which the process can be accomplished. The operation variables studied were temperature (400–800 °C), the initial sample mass (2.5–10 g of tomato plant waste) and the particle size (0.63–2.00 mm). Under the conditions studied here, an increase in reaction temperature leads to a decrease in solid and liquid yields and to an increase in gas phase yield. However the variation in the initial sample mass and the particle size does not seem to exert a defined influence in the yield of the different phases. The higher heating value (HHV) of solids and liquids was determined; also the immediate analysis of the solid phase was carried out. The gas phase, mainly composed of H₂, CO, CH₄, CO₂ and traces of ethane and ethylene, was analyzed chromatographically. The solid phase is constituted for a charcoal with an average higher heating value of 26 MJ kg^− 1, the liquid phase presents a HHV of 7.8 MJ kg^− 1 at 400 °C, this value diminishes when the temperature is increased, and the gas phase has an HHV between 0.5 and 8.0 MJ (kg of raw material)^− 1. According to their characteristics and energy contents, the solid phase can be used as fuel or precursor for the manufacture of activated carbons. The liquid phase could be used as liquid fuel or as organic-compounds source. The gas phase could be used to heat the pyrolysis reactor or to generate heat and electricity in a gas-turbine/vapour-turbine combined cycle. Finally, as previous step to the design of the industrials equipments, a kinetic study of the process, based in the generation of the principal gases, has been carried out. For this study it has been considered that the gases are formed through parallel independent first-order reactions, with different activation energy. From this model, rate constants for the formation of each gas component and their corresponding activation energies were determined.     

SIMULATION OF LIGNIN PYROLYSIS

Model compound pyrolysis reaction pathways and kinetics were used in simulation of both native (e.g.. milled wood) and Kraft lignin thermolyses where either only primary or also secondary reactions are important.

Predicted products fell into one of permanent gases, tight liquids, phenolics and carbonaceous residue fractions. Product yields were more dependent on lignin type than on reaction environment.

Comparison of simulation predictions with experimental pyrolyses of actual lignins, accomplished in terms of both product identities and yields, is encouraging. It is noteworthy that the simulations are strictly a priori and incorporate no actual lignin pyrolysis information.     

Fast pyrolysis of agricultural wastes: Characterization of pyrolysis products

This study deals with pyrolysis of three agricultural wastes (corncob, straw and oreganum stalks) at 500 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The yields of char, liquid and gas were quantified. Pyrolysis liquids produced were in two separate phases; aqueous phase and oil. Oil yields varied between 35 and 41%, depending on biomass type, whereas the yields of aqueous phases were almost similar, around 6%, for all feedstock. For characterization, oils were fractionated by water extraction into two fractions; water solubles and water unsolubles. Both aqueous phase and water-soluble fraction were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, water content and elemental analysis of the oils were determined. Chemical compositions of gas and char products relevant to fuel applications were determined.     

Birch wood particle shrinkage during rapid pyrolysis

A study of the shrinkage of cubic (∼5 mm) birch wood particles during pyrolysis is presented. The particles were rapidly injected into a preheated furnace with a constant temperature in the range 350-900°C. The size of the particles in longitudinal, tangential and radial directions was measured until no further mass loss occurs. The volume shrinkage was found to be 45-70% and the shrinkage in the different directions 5-25, 25-40 and 15-40% for longitudinal, tangential and radial directions, respectively. Longitudinal shrinkage commenced after about 60% mass loss and is not strongly dependent on heating rate or on cellulose chain scission. A maximum shrinkage was found for tangential and radial directions at 400 and 500-700°C, respectively, and above these temperatures the shrinkage decreases. The char yield decreases and the char structure becomes more deranged with increasing temperature. Empirical models of shrinkage as a function of conversion are presented.     

生物质热解特性研究

以竹材、稻壳、木屑为原料,通过常规热解结合快速热解研究生物质热解特性。结果表明,生物质常规热解的液体得率较低,相比而言竹材最高,稻壳最低,且热解温度是影响竹材和木屑热解的主要因素,其液体得率随温度的升高呈先增后减的变化规律;快速热解方面,利用居里点裂解仪和GC—MS在线分析竹材热解的液相组成,其组成以糠醛和酚类物质为主,它们分别来源于纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的热解。