Comments on "Robust iterative learning control design is straightforward for uncertain LTI systems satisfying the robust performance condition"

For original paper see ibid., vol.48, p.101-6 (2003). The article comments on the result of the above paper. The authors of the original paper showed that Theorem 1 is only the sufficient condition of the convergence in the sense of the L/sub 2/-norm. In this note, Theorem 1 is proved to be the not only sufficient but also necessary condition using some mathematical manipulation.     

不确定性机器人系统自适应鲁棒迭代学习控制

利用Lyapunov方法, 提出了一种不确定性机器人系统的自适应鲁棒迭代学习控制策略, 整个系统在迭代域里是全局渐近稳定的. 所考虑的机器人系统同时包含了结构和非结构不确定性. 在设计时, 系统的不确定性被分解成可重复性和非重复性两部分, 并考虑了系统的标称模型. 在所提出的控制策略中, 自适应策略用来估算做法确定性的界, 界的修正与迭代学习控制量一样的迭代域得以实现的. 计算机仿真表明本文提出的控制策略是有效的.     

LMI-based robust iterative learning controller design for discrete linear uncertain systems

This paper addresses the design problem of robust iterative learning controllers for a class of linear discrete-time systems with norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. An iterative learning algorithm with current cycle feedback is proposed to achieve both robust convergence and robust stability. The synthesis problem of the proposed iterative learmng control （ILC） system is reformulated as a γ-suboptimal H-infinity control problem via the linear fractional transformation （LFT）. A sufficient condition for the convergence of the ILC algorithm is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. Furthermore, the linear wansfer operators of the ILC algorithm with high convergence speed are obtained by using existing convex optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

不确定离散线性系统的鲁棒单调反馈–前馈迭代学习控制

针对一类不确定离散线性系统,提出一种沿迭代方向鲁棒单调收敛和沿时间方向有界输入有界输出(bouned-input bounded-output,BIBO)稳定的反馈–前馈迭代学习控制策略.首先,将不确定反馈–前馈迭代学习系统表示为不确定二维Roesser模型系统;然后,把二维系统沿迭代方向的鲁棒单调收敛问题转化成一维系统的H∞干扰抑制控制问题,并给出系统的稳定性证明和用线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)表示的沿迭代方向鲁棒单调收敛的充分条件,该LMI充分条件不仅可以用于确定反馈–前馈控制器的增益矩阵,而且还可以保证系统沿时间轴方向是BIBO稳定的;最后,仿真结果证明了该反馈–前馈迭代学习控制策略的有效性.     

不确定性系统的非因果鲁棒学习控制

针对不确定性系统提出一种非因果鲁棒学习控制方法。该学习控制律的非因果学习部分通过标称系统的优化指标得到,鲁棒部分通过设计鲁棒加权来实现。首先,不考虑鲁棒部分的具体形式,推导出标称系统描述的学习控制律的鲁棒收敛性条件;然后,设计与系统不确定性相关的鲁棒加权,由鲁棒收敛性条件得到鲁棒加权的设计原则;最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性,并分析了不同形式不确定性系统鲁棒设计的保守性。     

Robust iterative learning controller design using the performance weighting function of feedback control systems

Iterative learning controllers combined with existing feedback controllers have prominent capability of improving tracking performance in repeated tasks. However, the iterative learning controller has been designed without utilizing effective information such as the performance weighting function to design a feedback controller. In this paper, we deal with a robust iterative learning controller design problem for an uncertain feedback control system using its explicit performance information. We first propose a robust convergence condition in the ?₂-norm sense for an iterative learning control (ILC) scheme. We present a method to design an iterative learning controller using the information on the performance of the existing feedback control system such as performance weighting functions and frequency ranges of desired trajectories. From the obtained results, several design criteria for iterative learning controller are provided. Through analysis on the remaining error, the loop properties before and after learning are compared. We also show that, in the ?₂-norm sense, the remaining error can be less than the initial error under certain conditions. Finally, to show the validity of the proposed method, simulation studies are performed.     

Robust design of feedback feed-forward iterative learning control based on 2D system theory for linear uncertain systems

For a class of linear discrete-time uncertain systems, a feedback feed-forward iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is proposed, which is comprised of an iterative learning controller and two current iteration feedback controllers. The iterative learning controller is used to improve the performance along the iteration direction and the feedback controllers are used to improve the performance along the time direction. First of all, the uncertain feedback feed-forward ILC system is presented by an uncertain two-dimensional Roesser model system. Then, two robust control schemes are proposed. One can ensure that the feedback feed-forward ILC system is bounded-input bounded-output stable along time direction, and the other can ensure that the feedback feed-forward ILC system is asymptotically stable along time direction. Both schemes can guarantee the system is robust monotonically convergent along the iteration direction. Third, the robust convergent sufficient conditions are given, which contains a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Moreover, the LMI can be used to determine the gain matrix of the feedback feed-forward iterative learning controller. Finally, the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

An LMI approach to design robust fault detection filter for uncertain LTI systems

In this paper, the robust fault detection filter design problem for uncertain linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with both unknown inputs and modelling errors is studied. The basic idea of our study is to use an optimal residual generator (assuming no modelling errors) as the reference residual model of the robust fault detection filter design for uncertain LTI systems with modelling errors and, based on it, to formulate the robust fault detection filter design as an H_∞ model-matching problem. By using some recent results of H_∞ optimization, a solution of the optimization problem is then presented via a linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. The main results include the development of an optimal reference residual model, the formulation of robust fault detection filter design problem, the derivation of a sufficient condition for the existence of a robust fault detection filter and a construction of it based on the LMI solution parameters, the determination of adaptive threshold for fault detection. An illustrative design example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Iterative learning control for uncertain systems: Noncausal finite time interval robust control design

In this paper, we present a novel robust Iterative Learning Control (ILC) control strategy that is robust against model uncertainty as given by an additive uncertainty model. The design methodology hinges on ??_∞ optimization, but formulated such that the obtained ILC controller is not restricted to be causal, and inherently operates on a finite time interval. Optimization of the robust ILC (R‐ILC) solution is accomplished for the situation where any information about structure in the uncertainty is discarded, and for the situation where the information about the structure in the uncertainty is explicitly taken into account. Subsequently, the convergence and performance properties of resulting R‐ILC controlled system are analyzed. On an experimental set‐up, we show that the presented R‐ILC control strategy can outperform an existing linear‐quadratic norm‐optimal ILC approach and an existing causal R‐ILC approach based on frequency domain ??_∞ synthesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不确定时变系统的鲁棒学习控制算法

研究不确定性时变系统在有限时间区间上重复作业和在无限时间区间上周期作业的跟踪控制问题. 基于Lyapunov-like方法, 给出了形式简单的鲁棒迭代学习控制和鲁棒重复控制两种算法. 两种学习算法均可弥补单一控制算法的缺陷, 鲁棒控制部分被用来保证闭环系统中所有变量的有界性, 学习控制部分可有效消除系统跟踪误差, 改善系统的跟踪性能. 仿真结果验证了两种学习算法的有效性.     

Necessary and sufficient conditions for robust identification of uncertain LTI systems

Robust identification of uncertain systems arises whenever a chosen family of models does not completely describe reality. In these situations the issue of unmodeled dynamics gains significance in addition to random measurement noise. To deal with such mixed stochastic/deterministic settings we introduce a novel notion for robust consistency, which requires that the expectation (with respect to noise) of the worst-case (with respect to unmodeled dynamics) identification error asymptotically approach zero. It turns out that this notion leads to transparent necessary and sufficient conditions. We show that robust consistency holds, if and only if there is an instrument-input-pair capable of annihilating the residual error as well as stochastic noise. An extension of this result to the well-known “bounded but unknown” noise model shows that if we were to remove a set of Lebesgue measure zero, the error bound asymptotically approaches zero.     

Robust fault detection filter design for uncertain LTI systems based on new bounded real lemma

This paper concerns the problem of robust fault detection filter design for uncertain linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with both model uncertainty and disturbances. Firstly, the fault detection filter design is formulated to H _∞ model-matching problem. Secondly, based on a new bounded real lemma, a sufficient condition for the existence of the robust fault detection filter is constructed in term of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Owing on the introduction of the tuning parameter and slack variables in obtained LMI condition, the proposed design method can provide higher fault detection sensitivity performance than the existing one. Finally, an illustrative example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Recommended by Editorial Board member Bin Jiang under the direction of Editor Jae Weon Choi. This work was supported by Postdoctoral Fundation of Jiangsu Province under grant 0901026c and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Image Processing and Intelligent Control under grant 200805. Tao Li received the Ph.D. degree in the Research Institute of Automation Southeast University, China. Now He is a postdoctoral researcher with the same university. His current research interests include time-delay systems, neural networks, robust control, fault detection and diagnosis. Lingyao Wu received the Ph.D. degree in the Research Institute of Automation Southeast University, China. Now He is an Assistant Professor in the Research Institute of Automation Southeast University. His current research interests include time-delay systems, neural networks, robust control, fault detection and diagnosis. Xinjiang Wei was born in Dongying, China, in 1977. He received the B.S. degrees from Yantai Normal University, China in 1999, M.S. degrees from Bohai University in 2002, and the Ph.D. degree in Department of Information from Northeastern University in 2005. From 2006 to Present, he was with Ludong University as an Associate Professor. From 2006 to 2009, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Southeast University. His research interests include robust control, nonlinear control, and fuzzy control.     

一类不确定运动系统的空间迭代学习控制

本文讨论了一类在有限空间区间内重复运行的不确定运动系统的跟踪控制问题.通过引入空间状态微分算子和空间复合能量函数,提出了一种空间周期的自适应迭代学习控制算法.首先利用空间状态微分算子,将系统从时间域转化到空间域形式.然后基于空间复合能量函数设计了控制器,利用含限幅作用的参数自适应律逼近系统中的不确定性,同时引入鲁棒项共同抑制非参数不确定性的影响.通过严格的数学分析,证明了在标准初始条件和随机有界初始误差两种情况下的跟踪误差收敛性.最后通过列车仿真进一步验证了该算法的有效性.     

非参数不确定系统状态受限误差跟踪学习控制方法

针对一类非参数不确定系统,提出误差跟踪学习控制方法,同时解决学习控制系统的初值问题和状态约束问题.利用障碍Lyapunov函数设计控制器,采用鲁棒方法与学习方法相结合的策略处理非参数不确定性,将滤波误差约束于预设的界内,并由此实现对系统状态在各次迭代运行过程中的约束.文中构造了一种期望误差轨迹,经过足够多次迭代后,所提控制方法使得系统误差在整个作业区间以预设精度跟踪期望误差轨迹,系统状态在部分作业区间精确跟踪参考信号.仿真结果表明了该控制方案的有效性.     

一类不确定系统的自适应滑模迭代学习控制

本文针对一类在有限时间内执行重复任务的不确定非线性系统状态跟踪问题,提出一种自适应滑模迭代学习控制方法,在存在初始偏移的情况下也能实现对参考轨迹的完全收敛.本文通过设计全饱和自适应迭代学习更新律,估计参数和非参数不确定性以及未知期望控制输入,并将估计值限制在指定界内,避免估计值的正向累加.文章设计的自适应滑模迭代学习控制方法对系统模型的信息需求少,在对系统非参数不确定性的上界估计时不需要Lipschitz界函数已知.本文给出严格的理论分析,证明闭环系统所有信号的一致有界性以及跟踪误差的一致收敛性,并通过仿真验证所提控制方法的有效性.     

一种参数优化的非线性离散系统鲁棒迭代学习控制方法

针对带有扰动的一类离散非线性系统的鲁棒迭代学习控制问题, 设计一种基于参数优化的迭代学习控制算法. 该算法能够保证在有初始状态误差和状态、输出扰动的情况下使闭环系统具有鲁棒BIBO 稳定性, 系统输出能够单调收敛于给定输出轨迹的邻域内; 在没有初始状态误差和扰动的情况下能够以零稳态误差跟踪给定输出轨迹. 最后通过仿真分析验证了所提出算法的有效性.

     

基于混合灵敏度设计的鲁棒迭代学习控制

提出一种鲁棒迭代学习控制的设计方法．利用混合灵敏度设计方法,控制器满足一定鲁棒性条件时就可以直接获得收敛更新规则．此外,只要学习滤波函数满足一定条件,系统跟踪误差将显著降低．仿真结果表明该方法有效性较高．     

Robust iterative learning protocols for finite-time consensus of multi-agent systems with interval uncertain topologies

This paper is devoted to the robust finite-time output consensus problems of multi-agent systems under directed graphs, where all agents and their communication topologies are subject to interval uncertainties. Distributed protocols are constructed by using iterative learning control (ILC) algorithms, where information is exchanged only at the end of one iteration and learning is used to update the control inputs after each iteration. It is proved that under ILC-based protocols, the finite-time consensus can be achieved with an increasing number of iterations if the communication network of agents is guaranteed to have a spanning tree. Moreover, if the information of any desired terminal output is available to a portion (not necessarily all) of the agents, then the consensus output that all agents finally reach can be enabled to be the desired terminal output. It is also proved that for all ILC-based protocols, gain selections can be provided in terms of bound values, and consensus conditions can be developed associated with bound matrices. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.