2D高频数字换向阀

为了提高电液激振器的激振频率,提出了一种新型2D数字换向阀,该阀在结构上利用阀芯的双运动自由度,阀芯由伺服电机驱动旋转,另一伺服电机通过偏心机构驱动阀芯作轴向运动,通过改变周期性变化阀口面积的大小,进而控制阀的流量输出.2D阀的结构简单、抗污染能力强、有利于得到高的频率、无滞环和直接数字控制等优点.     

二维电液比例换向阀动态特性及稳定性分析

二维电液比例换向阀兼具直动式和导控式比例阀的功能:正常工作压力下,比例电磁铁输出的推力通过压扭联轴器使阀芯转动,阀敏感腔的压力差动变化,驱动阀芯轴向移动,与此同时阀芯反向转动,敏感腔的压力又逐渐恢复为原来的值,阀芯到达一个新的平衡位置,实现对阀芯位移的液压先导比例控制;当工作压力为零时,则由比例电磁铁直接驱动阀芯。在正常的工作过程中,压扭联轴器不仅可以实现直线-旋转运动转换,还可将比例电磁铁的驱动力放大,使其能有效、可靠地驱动阀芯转动,从而提高其比例控制性能和工作可靠性。通过2D阀的建模、动态仿真及稳定研究,弄清2D阀的关键结构和工作参数对动态特性的影响,并建立2D阀的稳定条件,为其结构设计和优化提供理论依据。对2D阀试验研究,测得直动与导控两种工作状态下主要性能曲线与指标,试验表明2D电液比例换向阀不仅可以实现直动和导控的功能,而且通过先导控制可以有效克服液动力和摩擦力的不利影响,同时也证明了2D阀具有较快的响应速度和很好的稳定性。     

2D电液比例换向阀阀芯卡紧力分析

针对2D电液比例换向阀阀芯卡滞现象,应用缝隙流动原理,对2D阀芯有无偏心情况下的径向卡紧力进行系统理论分析,得到2D阀芯液压卡紧力计算方法;运用MATLAB软件进行数值计算,得出2D阀芯径向卡紧力与偏心量和高低压孔夹角间的关系;根据2D阀特性,提出2D电液比例换向阀阀芯改进措施,应用Fluent 软件对阀芯表面的流场进行CFD仿真分析,比较了改进前后的流速矢量和压力分布情况,验证了改进措施的正确性。改进后的2D电液比例换向阀在中高压实验中无“卡滞”现象出现,实现了高压大流量的比例控制。     

2D阀控大流量高速开关阀的研究

为控制高速液压缸设计了大流量高速开关阀,开关阀采用二级结构,先导阀为2D高频伺服阀,主阀为大通径滑阀。主阀采用并联双节流边的结构,减小主阀芯行程,减小所需导控流量,减小阀芯尺寸及质量,提高主阀动态响应特性。主阀采用负开口设计,设置死区,确保主阀完全导通过程的快速性。对主阀芯进行了动力学分析,并在MATLAB上建立了阀芯开启时的运动模型,进行了仿真研究。     

大流量2D伺服阀的研究与设计

为实现伺服阀的大流量,采用了2D阀的结构方案.2D阀利用伺服螺旋机构将阀芯的旋转运动转化为阀芯的直线运动,从而实现伺服阀的液压功率放大.采用步进电机作为电-机械转换器来驱动阀芯转动,为使阀芯获得较大的扭矩,采用了较大的传动比.设计了零位保持机构保证了伺服阀工作的稳定性和零位调节的精确性.对伺服阀的阀芯进行了力学分析,并建立了数学模型.最后利用MATLAB进行了仿真研究,仿真结果理想,符合设计要求.     

液压支架用电液换向阀的动态特征及流场特性仿真分析

为了提高液压支架的机械控制能力,利用电液换向阀完成支架控制箱动作控制。该文采用流体动力学仿真了电液换向阀的动态特征及流场特性。研究结果表明:当时间到达0.14 s时二级阀芯发生运动,出口流量快速增大至一个峰值状态;随着阀芯到达一个稳定运动状态后,换向阀也达到1013 L/min的稳定出口流量。换向阀在高压大流量系统内工作时将会快速到达峰值压力,产生液压冲击作用并使支架立柱受到破坏。当流体由阀套流至阀芯时因为过流断面的面积会迅速降低,使压力下降4.1 MPa,形成压力集中损失的区域,同时在阀芯的主流道区域还会形成均匀的压力分布状态。从阀口的下游最初进入阀芯的主通道位置时将达到最大流速,等于109 m/s,表明该部位形成了最小的过流面积。     

本安型2D电液换向阀的实验研究

阐述了一种新型本安型电液换向阀的工作原理,采用了2D阀的技术,在本安型双向电磁铁与双自由度阀芯之间引入双向压扭联轴器。正常压力情况下,电磁铁输出的推(吸)力通过压扭联轴器使阀芯转动,由液压力差推动阀芯轴向移动,实现换向功能。本质安全技术作为低功率的设计技术,限制了本安型电磁铁的输出的推力,而压扭联轴器不仅可以实现位移-旋转的运动转换,还可以将电磁铁的驱动力放大,使其能有效、可靠地驱动阀芯运动,从而提高本安型换向阀的可靠性。通过对本安型二维(2D)电液换向阀实验研究,测得其启、闭特性,表明在一定压力范围内,本安型2D电液换向阀不仅可以克服液动力和摩擦力的不利影响,还具有较快的响应速度和稳定性。     

三位四通2D电液比例换向阀的静态特性实验研究

为克服直动式电液比例换向阀无法实现大流量控制和导控式电液比例换向阀结构复杂及无法在零压下工作的缺点,提出了一种结构简单、流量大并具有位置反馈的新型电液比例换向阀——三位四通2D电液比例换向阀。该阀由2D换向阀、压扭联轴器和比例电磁铁等组成。在分析该阀的结构和工作原理的基础上,对三位四通2D电液比例换向阀进行了静态特性实验研究。实验结果表明:压扭联轴器的位移滞环和三位四通2D电液比例换向阀的流量滞环为10%,说明该阀具有良好的静态特性。     

2D数字式电液比例换向阀动态特性实验研究

由于摩擦力、液动力等因素的影响,直动式电液比例换向阀很难实现大流量控制,而导控式比例换向阀无法实现零压下工作,针对直动式和导控式电液比例换向阀的缺点,提出了一种结构简单、流量大并具有全桥式位置反馈的新型电液比例换向阀--2D数字式电液比例换向阀。该阀由2D换向阀、压扭联轴器和比例电磁铁等组成。在分析该阀的结构和工作原理基础上,对该阀进行了动态试验。实验表明：2D数字式比例换向阀频宽可达18 Hz,具有良好的动态特性。     

电液谐振疲劳试验新方法

研究2D高频转阀控制液压缸实现谐振疲劳试验新方法。提出2D高频转阀控制单出杆液压缸谐振疲劳试验方案,2D高频转阀阀芯可以双自由度运动,阀芯旋转运动可以控制系统激振频率,阀芯轴向滑动可以控制系统输出载荷力幅值,液压缸无杆腔初始容积变化可以控制系统谐振频率。建立2D高频转阀、单出杆液压缸和阀控缸系统的数学模型,建立阀控缸系统的Simulink非线性仿真模型,仿真研究液压缸无杆腔定初始容积时阻尼对系统输出载荷力幅频特性、相频特性和系统流量的影响,及谐振工况时载荷力波形失真度和载荷力幅值控制方法。试验结果验证了电液谐振疲劳试验新方法的可行性。该方案能有效提高电液疲劳试验的谐振频率,拓展电液高频疲劳试验机在工程领域的应用范围。     

Analysis of flow torques during opening and closing of high-frequency rotary directional control valve

A 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve with a spool having two degrees of freedom for axial linear motion and circumferential rotation is proposed in this paper. The axial linear motion decides the maximum orifice area, and the circumferential rotation lets the orifice area change continuously. One of the known elements impacting valve function is the flow force. This paper systematically analyzes the steady and transient flow torques subjected to the valve through theoretical analysis, AMESim-Fluent joint simulation and experimental tests. The results show that: under a single variable, the flow torques of the 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve initially increase and then decrease like the sinusoid curve with the rotation of the spool and reach the maximum when the orifice opening is 1/2, and the flow torques are always in the direction of orifice closing and want to close the orifice. When the orifice area increases, the flow torques are the resistance, preventing the spool from opening; when the orifice area decreases, the flow torques are the power, pushing the spool to close. The steady flow torques are proportional to the pressure drop. The direction of the transient flow torque is independent of the relative position of the spool groove and sleeve window, which proportional to the square root of the pressure drop, orifice area and rotational speed. The flow torques are so important in the control of valve and can not be negligible.     

Development of a novel two-dimensional(2D) three-way(3W) fuel flow control servo valve with constant pressure difference

To solve the problems of large volume, and low integration of traditional electro-hydraulic servo valve with constant pressure differential fuel metering device, a new two-dimensional three-way constant pressure differential fuel flow control servo valve (2D3WFFCSV) is developed. It innovatively adopts the advantages of lightweight of “two-dimensional hydraulic technology”, The constant differential pressure function and flow regulation function are integrated into a two-dimensional (2D) main spool with two degrees of freedom (rotational and axial degrees of freedom). The flow control process of 2D3WFFCSV is as follows: firstly, the armature of the torque motor and the two-dimensional piston are coaxially installed at the end of the two-dimensional piston, so the torque motor can directly drive the two-dimensional piston to rotate; secondly the “hydraulic servo screw mechanism”, which can amplify the power, is used to drive the two-dimensional piston to move in line; Finally, a pair of conversion mechanisms (roller group and spiral track conversion mechanism) are converted into the angular displacement of 2D main spool to control the area of flow valve port. The axial degree of freedom of 2D main spool realizes the function of constant differential pressure. To improve the flow control accuracy of the servo valve, the axial position of the 2D piston is detected by the linear displacement sensor (LVDT), and the signal is transmitted to the controller to realize the closed-loop control. To explore its open-loop characteristics, the mathematical models of torque motor, two-dimensional piston and main spool are established to obtain its open-loop transfer function. Then the AMESIM simulation model is built. To optimize the design of the system, through the dynamic simulation of the system, the influence of key parameters on the dynamic response of the system can be studied. An experimental study is carried out to verify the design feasibility of the servo valve. The experimental results show that under the condition of no-load and full-scale input, the closed-loop delay of the servo valve is 1.84%, the linearity is 2.14%, the step response time is 43 ms, and the dynamic frequency response is 38 Hz. The newly developed 2D3WFFCSV has the advantages of high integration, small size, light weight (801.5 g) and high response and control accuracy. It can replace the constant differential pressure, metering valve and hydraulic servo valve in the aeroengine fuel regulator.     

2D伺服阀矩形先导控制阀口气穴特性研究

为研究双自由度（2D）伺服阀先导控制阀口处气穴现象的影响因素及对阀芯稳定性的影响,运用Fluent软件中cavitation模型对2D伺服阀矩形先导阀口进行了气穴特性的仿真研究。研究表明,在出口压力低于1 MPa时,阀口处会出现气穴现象,且因气穴指数σ较小,故在弓形感受通道会出现气泡现象,出口压力高于5 MPa时,无明显气泡现象但阀口处的气穴仍然存在;随着入口流速增加,阀口内侧壁和外侧壁处气穴强度和分布范围增加;在出口压力0.1 MPa情况下,随着阀口开度增加气穴现象减弱。结果表明,2D伺服阀正常工作时先导阀口处会产生气穴,对伺服阀阀芯运动的稳定性产生干扰。     

2D阀控电液激振器的优化设计和实验研究

为了进一步提高电液激振器的激振频率和控制精度,并降低其加工和安装难度,提出了2D高频激振阀的新结构和控制方法。通过增加2D阀阀芯沟槽与阀套窗口的沟通次数,改进与无刷直流伺服电机连接的高速齿轮箱传动机构,设计混合式直线步进电机与堵头连接以控制阀芯轴向位移,实现了对2D高频激振阀的结构优化。经理论以及实验研究表明：新型2D高频激振阀的结构简单,控制精度高,激振频率最高可达3000Hz。     

Transient flow analysis on opening process of pneumatic gas proportional valve with two-solenoid valve

The gas proportional valve (GPV) is a pneumatic pressure regulator, and the change in operating pressure will directly affect the opening and closing condition of the spool. In this study, the procedure for opening the spool is studied. The process of regulating the pressure of the GPV is revealed by the dynamical simulation method. The characteristics of displacement, total pressure and velocity of the spool during opening are analyzed. As time increases, it is found that the turbulence in the downstream of GPV becomes more obvious. In the process of spool movement, the influence of different inlet working pressures on spool displacement is analyzed. With a full open time of less than 1.5 × 10^ (−2) s, the spool reaches the stable state of full opening. In addition, the transient process of outlet flow is also studied. The simulated outlet flow is stable at 152 m³/h for the maximum opening. In order to verify the simulation results, the test of valve flow is carried out on the test bench. The results show that these methods can reduce the design difficulty and provide a reference for further optimization and engineering application of GPV.     

高频电液振动台振动特性实验研究

传统电液振动台由于受伺服阀频响特性的限制,其工作频率难以提高到较高的水平。为此提出一种基于2D激振阀的高频电液振动台,由于2D激振阀是一种特殊结构的转阀,通过提高2D激振阀阀芯的转速可以使电液振动台的工作频率实现大幅提高。分析了高频电液振动台的工作原理,并建立了其数学模型,为了验证理论分析以及高频电液振动台工作时的实际输出振动波形,设计了高频电液振动台并进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：基于2D激振阀的电液振动台能大幅提高振动频率,振动台输出的振动频率达到800Hz,远远高于现有传统电液振动台的振动频率。     

2D数字阀阀芯受力分析及研究

介绍了2D数字阀的基本结构及工作原理,提出了2D流量控制概念。研究了由径向力引起的液压卡紧现象。通过Fluent软件对数字阀内部进行流场分析,得出2D阀芯弓形槽处壁面所受的压力分布,并对阀芯受到径向力的原因进行了分析,提出了减小2D阀阀芯卡紧力的一些措施。