数字CR-(RC)n滤波器的脉冲成形技术研究

为保证放射性测量系统的能量分辨率,探测器输出脉冲通常被成形为高斯或类高斯波形。本文基于CR-(RC)ⁿ电路,将CR-(RC)ⁿ电路分解为CR电路和RC电路,然后采用数值微分方法分别建立CR电路、RC电路数学模型,实现数字CR-(RC)ⁿ脉冲成形。通过模拟串行噪声和并行噪声,对比了数字CR-(RC)ⁿ脉冲成形与梯形脉冲成形的滤波效果。实验结果表明,在相同达峰时间条件下,数字CR-(RC)ⁿ脉冲成形对串行噪声、并行噪声的滤波效果较梯形脉冲成形滤波效果好;CR-(RC)⁴脉冲成形对串行噪声、并行噪声的滤波效果较n=1,2,3时好;CR-RC脉冲成形对上升时间的免疫能力较CR-(RC)²,CR-(RC)³,CR-(RC)⁴脉冲成形强。     

耦合间距对绝缘体上硅微环谐振腔的性能影响

运用微机电系统(MEMS)工艺制备了不同耦合间距的微环谐振腔,针对耦合间距对耦合系数、谐振深度的影响,进行了理论分析与仿真,并对结构进行耦合实验测试。测试结果表明,随着微环耦合间距的增加,耦合系数减小,谐振深度变浅,这与理论仿真一致。实际计算了相应的耦合效率、3dB带宽及品质因数,随着耦合间距增大,耦合效率降低,3dB带宽也随之变窄,微环谐振腔的品质因数逐渐提高。研究结果为微环谐振腔的进一步优化设计及其在相关领域中的研究与应用提供了依据。     

半导体环形激光器的输出耦合及阈值增益分析

通过三维光波导的模式耦合理论分析了半导体环形激光器(SRL)与直波导的耦合系数,用耦合系数的解析表达式结合SRL自再现条件分析了SRL各参数对阈值增益的影响.分析结果表明,耦合系数随波导宽度和厚度、波导间距的增大而减小,随SRL半径的增大而增大;阈值增益随波导宽度和厚度、波导间距的增大而增大,随SRL半径的增大而减小.     

八毫米单调谐体效应管振荡器

<正> 南京固体器件研究所研制成的八毫米单调谐体效应管振荡器采用Kurkawa提出的传输腔稳频电路,由一个TE_(011)模式的高Q腔进行稳频,以满足微波通讯设备对噪声及频率稳定度的要求。 振荡器中的体效应二极管安装在同轴线的末端,同轴线的另一端接由羧基铁制成的吸收体,同轴线的中段与高Q腔耦合,高Q腔通过小圆孔同外负载耦合。 为了改善振荡器的频温系数,除了选择频温系数小的体效应二极管外,主要途径是提高谐振腔的Q值(这对降低调频噪声也是有益的),另外应选择低膨胀系数的金属材料制作腔体。 该振荡器经过一年时间的研制,获得了良好的性能。其特点是受负载影响小,无跳模问     

电感非线性RLC电路弹簧耦合系统3次超谐共振研究

研究电感非线性RLC电路弹簧耦合系统的非线性振动,应用拉格朗日一麦克斯韦方程,建立受简谐激励的具有电感非线性RLC电路弹簧耦合系统的数学模型.根据非线性振动的多尺度法,得到系统满足3次超谐共振条件的一次近似解以及对应的定常解.对其进行数值计算,分析系统参数对幅频响应曲线的影响.当系统3次超谐共振调谐值等于零时,幅频响应曲线的振幅最大.增大电压、极板面积和非线性电感系数,幅频响应曲线的振幅和共振区增大.增大极板间距、电阻和线性电感系数,幅频响应曲线的振幅和共振区减小.系统的固有频率随极板间距的增大而增大,随极板面积和线性电感系数的增大而减小.     

耦合间距对SOI微环谐振腔的性能影响

运用MEMS工艺制备了不同耦合间距的微环谐振腔,针对耦合间距与耦合系数、谐振深度的影响,进行了理论分析与仿真,并对结构进行耦合实验测试。测试结果表明,随着微环耦合间距的增加,耦合系数减小,谐振深度变浅,这与理论仿真一致。实际计算了相应的耦合效率、3dB带宽及品质因数,随着耦合间距增大,耦合效率降低,3dB带宽也随之变窄,微环谐振腔的品质因数逐渐提高。研究结果为微环谐振腔的进一步优化设计及其在相关领域中的研究与应用提供了依据。     

脉冲放电回路电感的计算

脉冲功率技术广泛用于科学研究、军事、医学及工业等方面。脉冲放电电路为脉冲功率技术的主要研究对象,以高电压、大电流、高功率为特点。电路电感是脉冲放电电路的一个主要关注点,计算机仿真技术(CST)软件为快速计算电路电感提供了一种方法。根据导线间的磁场分布推导了导线电感的理论公式,分析了导线半径及导线间距对电感的影响;分析了基于脉冲放电电路电流波形迭代求解电路电感方法;最后利用CST建模计算了不同电路的电感。将CST计算电感与基于脉冲放电电路电流波形迭代求解的电感做对比,CST可用于辅助分析脉冲放电电路。     

基于采样保持器的滤波电路研究

研究和探讨了基于采样保持器的滤波电路———采样保持滤波SHF电路,即利用采样保持器的采样保持特性,对某些特定波形模拟信号进行滤波处理。理论分析表明,这种SHF电路是可行的;实验仿真也证实,相对于传统的有源RC滤波电路,这种SHF电路具有更优异的处理效果。SHF电路结构在一定程度上解决了有源RC滤波电路对某些特定信号处理不足的问题。     

RC电路的应用

RC电路在模拟电路、脉冲数字电路中得到广泛的应用，由于电路的形式以及信号源和R，C元件参数的不同，因而组成了RC电路的各种应用形式：微分电路、积分电路、耦合电路、滤波电路及脉冲分压器。     

多层空气隙Cu互连结构耦合电容的优化

随着超大规模集成电路特征尺寸不断缩小,多层cu互连之间的RC延迟成为一个越来越严重的问题.由于低介电常数(low-k)材料配合空气隙(air gap)结构可用于降低Cu互连导线间的耦合电容从而改善RC延迟特性,建立了单层和多层空气隙Cu互连结构的有限元分析模型,以研究空气隙结构尺寸与互连介质等效介电常数的关系.结果表明,在单层空气隙Cu互连结构中,通过增加互连导线间空气隙的结构尺寸可以减小Cu互连结构中的耦合电容,进而改善RC延迟特性;在多层空气隙Cu互连结构中,通过改变IMD和ILD中空气隙的尺寸结构可以得到RC延迟性能优化的多层空气隙Cu互连结构.     

Propagation and radiation of VHF radio signals in motorway tunnels

A functional land mobile service requires that radio communications be ensured outside as well as inside of motorway tunnels. An experimental investigation about radiation and propagation of VHF radio waves in a 150-m motorway tunnel is presented. Three radiating systems, to convey radio signals into and out of the tunnel, are examined: antennas slotted coaxial cable balanced two-wire line. Results are presented in the form of total attenuation (total attenuation is the transmission loss (radiation and heat loss) plus coupling loss) versus distance curves and also as cumulative distribution curves of coupling loss, in the case of the radiating lines. A comparison among these three systems is also given.     

Coupling Impedance of Cylindrical Tubes

The concept of a coupling (transfer) impedance as developed by Schelkunoff for cylindrical tubes is applied in the determination of the mutual coupling to a grounded coaxial cable. Formulas are developed utilizing the coupling impedance concept when the exciting, or interfering, circuit is either a single-wire line or another coaxial cable over a ground plane.     

耦合型漏泄同轴电缆传输和耦合特性研究

针对泄漏同轴电缆作为分布式传感器应用于物联网和智能家居的室内安防入侵检测时，运用全波仿真软件HFSS不能有效仿真长距离的耦合漏缆的问题，提出了一种等效电路模型.利用参数提取软件，先提取单个开槽的缝隙单元的等效电路模型，然后借助于传输线理论，利用四个传输矩阵级联得到整段漏泄同轴电缆的传输矩阵.并考虑两根漏缆缝隙间相互耦合，提出了表征耦合特性的等效电路模型.将等效电路模型利用商用软件高级设计系统（advanced design system，ADS）进行电路搭建与仿真.仿真结果表明，本文提出的两根漏缆的等效电路模型与全波仿真结果非常符合，可以快速地仿真长距离的耦合漏缆结构，并大大节约了仿真时间.     

Efficient Methods for Determining the Coupling to Wires in Circular Cavities

The electromagnetic field coupling to a loaded thin wire in a cylindrical/coaxial cavity is investigated. Computationally efficient methods are presented for determining the coupling to a thin wire located near a cavity wall in a system of cascaded and/or overlapping coaxial and circular cylindrical cavity sections, and the accuracy and limitations of these methods are established. The sections are coupled through apertures and conducting elements common to more than one section, which may have different axial and radial dimensions and which may be filled with material having different magnetic and electric properties. The loaded thin wire is close to the outer wall of a cavity section and may represent a cable or, perhaps, a conducting tube. The coupling of the cavity field to the wire is determined from an analysis of a distributed voltage and current source model based on transmission line theory as well as via coupled integral equations techniques. The accuracy of the results obtained from these analyses is supported by experimental data measured on a laboratory model of the cavity-wire structure.     

Mode coupling in coaxial waveguides with varying-radius center andouter conductors

The mode conversion process in a coaxial waveguide with varying-radius center and outer conductors is shown to be described by a system of first-order differential equations-the coupled mode equations. The nondiagonal coefficients of this system are called the coupling coefficients. In this paper, we derive the explicit expressions for the coupling coefficients in a varying-radius coaxial waveguide and discuss some of their important features. These coefficients can be used in determining model conversion in a coaxial cavity with slowly varying walls or designing and analyzing coaxial waveguide tapers and mode converters. Some experimental results of the coupling coefficients for the case of azimuthally symmetric modes, TE_0n modes, are also given     

弹体内置矩形腔屏蔽效能分析

为提高导弹强电磁脉冲防护能力,采用有限积分法对弹体内置矩形腔体的屏蔽效能 进行了数值模拟。重点分析了双层嵌套腔体屏蔽效能与单层腔体屏蔽效能之间的关系, 以及末制导雷达天线转动对壳体屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明：双层嵌套在L频段可提高屏蔽 效能3 0 dB左右,但在S频段嵌套腔体与内层腔体的屏蔽效能相当;当外层腔体与内层腔体上孔缝 共 振频率相近时,嵌套腔体屏蔽效能会急剧恶化;天线转动对屏蔽效能的影响与入射波频段相 关。该研究对提高导弹电磁防护能力具有指导意义。     

基于模式匹配的同轴腔耦合分析及其应用

采用半解析的模式匹配方法分析并计算矩形同轴谐振腔之间窗口耦合的耦合系数,结合等效电路计算了存在第三个谐振腔时两同轴谐振腔之间窗口耦合的耦合系数.比较了计算两腔的耦合系数时,采用模式匹配法和有限元法的计算效率.结果表明,达到相同精度时,模式匹配法具有更高的计算速度.根据计算所得耦合系数设计了两个分别具有对称响应和非对称响应的C波段同轴腔滤波器,经调试后,滤波器测试结果与设计的理论响应吻合较好,验证了模式匹配方法计算矩形同轴谐振腔通过窗口耦合的耦合系数的有效性.     

Fast and Rigorous Analysis of EMC/EMI Phenomena on Electrically Large and Complex Cable-Loaded Structures

A fast and comprehensive time-domain method for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) phenomena on complex structures that involve electrically large platforms (e.g., vehicle shells) along with cable-interconnected antennas, shielding enclosures, and printed circuit boards is proposed. To efficiently simulate field interactions with such structures, three different solvers are hybridized: (1) a time-domain integral-equation (TDIE)-based field solver that computes fields on the exterior structure comprising platforms, antennas, enclosures, boards, and cable shields (external fields); (2) a modified nodal-analysis (MNA)-based circuit solver that computes currents and voltages on lumped circuits approximating cable connectors/loads; and (3) a TDIE-based transmission line solver that computes transmission line voltages and currents at cable terminations (guided fields). These three solvers are rigorously interfaced at the cable connectors/loads and along the cable shields; the resulting coupled system of equations is solved simultaneously at each time step. Computation of the external and guided fields, which constitutes the computational bottleneck of this approach, is accelerated using fast Fourier transform-based algorithms. Further acceleration is achieved by parallelizing the computation of external fields. The resulting hybrid solver permits the analysis of electrically large and geometrically intricate structures loaded with coaxial cables. The accuracy, efficiency, and versatility of the proposed solver are demonstrated by analyzing several EMC/EMI problems including interference between a log-periodic monopole array trailing an aircraft's wing and a monopole antenna mounted on its fuselage, coupling into coaxial cables connecting shielded printed circuit boards located inside a cockpit, and coupling into coaxial cables from a cell phone antenna located inside a fuselage.     

非线性负载简化模型及其应用

为实现复杂网络电磁脉冲（electromagnetic pulse，EMP）耦合分析，针对非线性负载引起的分析效率和收敛性问题，提出了非线性负载精简建模方法，即将多项式表示的非线性关系用压控元件代替，指定器件动作时间表示开关响应时间，忽略温度等不必要参数，减少模型元器件个数等.采用该方法建立了气体放电管（gas discharge tube，GDT）和金属氧化物变阻器（metal oxide varistors，MOV）的精简SPICE（simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis）模型，并且用3种不同类型的脉冲激励端接非线性负载的传输线，进行了收敛性和仿真效率分析.结果表明，GDT和MOV的简化模型能够很好收敛，MOV的模型分析效率提高约30%，GDT的模型分析效率稍有劣化，但完全避免了理想开关元器件的使用，与实际器件的工作原理一致.这些建模方法具有较强的普适性，可以移植到其他非线性负载的建模上，例如与线缆耦合的精简计算模型相结合，从而提高超大系统的电磁兼容（electromagnetic compatibility，EMC）设计与评估效率.     

Intermodulation Noise and Products Due to Frequency-Dependent Nonlinearities in CATV Systems

The noise power spectral density and sinusoidal response at the output of analog coaxial cable lines having amplifiers with frequency-dependent nonlinear characteristics are derived. Their use for the design and optimization of coaxial cable systems for TV transmission is demonstrated. Tables are given from which the levels of the intermodulation products for conventional 12- and 30-channel video systems can be readily obtained.