Overdistention operation of cascaded multilevel inverters

In the past decade, the multilevel power converter has transitioned from an experimental concept to a standard product of many medium-voltage drive manufacturers. By utilizing small voltage steps, the multilevel topology offers higher power quality, higher voltage capability, lower switching losses, and improved electromagnetic compatibility over standard topologies. Recently, several researchers have focused on the cascaded multilevel inverter whereby two multilevel inverters are series connected to a motor load by splitting the neutral connection. The resulting performance is exceptional in terms of power quality since the overall number of voltage levels is effectively the product of the two cascaded inverters. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to extend this performance to an even higher number of voltage levels referred to as overdistended operation. This further improves the power quality that is significant in applications that have stringent total harmonic distorsion requirements, such as naval ship propulsion. A new control is introduced for overdistention operation and is validated with computer simulation and laboratory measurements.     

Opportunities for harmonic cancellation with carrier-based PWM fora two-level and multilevel cascaded inverters

Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies have been the subject of many years of research effort, and the merits of the various alternatives investigated have been argued extensively. In general, it is now accepted that natural or asymmetrical regular sampled PWM with a third harmonic injected or a space-vector centered reference waveform gives the best harmonic performance, with discontinuous modulation having some advantages for higher modulation ratios. This paper uses a general analytical solution for carrier-based PWM to mathematically identify the harmonic cancellation that occurs in various PWM implementations and converter topologies. This solution provides a formal justification for the superiority of natural and asymmetrical regular sampling techniques in eliminating half of their sideband harmonics simply by virtue of their phase leg switching. Then, the use of fundamental reference phase shifting between phase legs to create single- and three-phase 1-1 output voltages is reviewed, and the harmonic cancellation that occurs is identified. One significant result from this analysis is the realization that an odd/triplen carrier/fundamental ratio has no intrinsic harmonic benefit, contrary to the generally accepted wisdom. Finally, opportunities for harmonic elimination in multilevel cascaded inverter systems by carrier phase shifting are investigated, and the optimum phase shift is identified     

单相光伏并网逆变器共模电流的分析与抑制

单相非隔离型光伏并网逆变器由于缺少变压器的电气隔离,工作时常会产生较大的共模电流,即漏电流。为此,在分析了共模电流产生原因的基础上,研究了几种能够有效抑制共模电流的拓扑结构,分别为带交流旁路的全桥拓扑、带直流旁路的全桥拓扑、H5拓扑以及H6拓扑。其抑制共模电流的基本原理为通过相应的开关调制模式,使系统寄生电容上的共模电压保持恒定,从而减少共模电流的产生,最后仿真结果验证了这几种拓扑结构的可行性。由于不同拓扑结构所含功率器件数量的不同以及调制模式的不同,系统的工作效率有所差异,对比发现H5、H6拓扑优于其他拓扑。     

多电平逆变器分析与仿真

目前,多电平逆变器常采用电力电子开关器件串联的逆变器,或者功率单元串联叠加的级联式逆变器.两者不仅直流供电电源不同,电路的结构形式也不同.新型级联多电平逆变器不仅结构简单,而且在输出电平数相同时,所需开关管较少,具有良好的工业应用前景.通过分析典型逆变器结构,阐述其结构特点与联系,并通过软件仿真,比较冬自的抗缺点,为高电压大容量多电平逆变器的选择提供有益的参考.     

Circuit aspects of multilevel self-commutated inverters

A comparative analysis of the circuits of cell- and bridge-type, high-voltage, multilevel inverters is given.     

多电平逆变器通用电容电压平衡优化算法

针对二极管箝位型多电平逆变器电容电压难以控制的问题,分析了一种简单的多电平逆变器等效模型,用于预测结点电压偏差,提出了一种多电平逆变器电容电压平衡优化SVPWM(space vector pulse width modulation)算法。该算法通过预测不同开关状态下直流侧结点电压偏差,建立目标函数并对其寻优,在每个开关周期选取最优的开关组合达到结点电压平衡。理论分析和试验结果表明,该算法适用于任意电平逆变器电容电压平衡的控制,解决了三电平逆变器电容电压平衡的问题,但在三电平以上的逆变器受调制度限制。针对三电平以上高调制度下电容电压失衡的原因进行了分析,并给出了解决方法。仿真和实验验证了算法的正确性。     

Particle swarm optimization for harmonic elimination in multilevel inverters

In this paper, harmonic elimination problem in multilevel inverters with any number of levels is redrafted as an optimization task. A new method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed to identify the best switching angles with the dual objectives of harmonic suppression and output voltage regulation. The advantages of fundamental frequency harmonic elimination and swarm intelligence are combined to improve the quality of output voltage of multilevel inverters. The validity of the proposed method is proved through various simulation results.     

混合级联型多电平逆变器的研究

提出了一种混合级联型多电平逆变器拓扑结构,给出了逆变器的控制方案。仿真结果表明,逆变器能够以较低的开关频率输出接近于正弦波的电压且只有很低的共模电压。     

级联多电平逆变器的工作原理分析

以每相两功率单元串联为例,介绍了级联多电平逆变器的拓扑结构和相位移载波SPWM调制策略,阐述了该多单元级联逆变器在SPWM调制方法下的工作原理,从理论上分析了逆变器开关切换、输出电压、电流流向以及共模电压的情况,说明了相位移载波SPWM调制方法应用在级联多电平逆变器上的可行性、可靠性和控制的简易性,为实现调制方法的优化和拓扑结构的改进提供了理论基础。     

Sine-triangle versus space-vector modulation for three-level PWMvoltage-source inverters

This paper studies the inherent relations between sine-triangle and space-vector pulsewidth modulation schemes for three-level voltage-source inverters. It is shown that the two schemes can function equivalently through proper selection of common-mode injections in the case of sine-triangle modulation, or dwell times in equivalent redundant switching states in the case of space-vector modulation. Simulation and measurement results illustrate that understanding of these relations can lead to a more efficient and flexible three-level modulator with desired or optimal performance     

Investigation into spectral characteristics of multilevel semiconductor inverters

Calculation of spectral characteristics is investigated, and the harmonic distortion of the output voltage of a single-phase three-level voltage inverter is determined. It is shown that the application of multilevel inverters makes it possible to decrease the harmonic distortion over the entire control region of the output voltage compared with a single-level inverter.     

Control of cascaded transformer multilevel inverter based DSTATCOM

In this paper, the design of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) based on cascaded transformer multilevel inverter is proposed. The topology requires controlling only a common dc storage capacitor. Two-level ramp-comparison current control method is extended for the multilevel inverter using phase-shifted multi-carrier PWM. The method provides equal switching stress and power handling for all the cascaded units. The net switching frequency increases while the ripple magnitude reduces using multilevel topology. These cause the feedforward gain to increase leading to a higher bandwidth of the control loop. An expression of the feedforward gain is derived for fixed switching frequency modulation of the inverter. It is shown that the use of proportional plus resonant controller with proposed multilevel modulation improves the tracking characteristics at fundamental frequency. A seven-level inverter based DSTATCOM is proposed for the application to the three-phase medium voltage distribution system and the results are shown through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. The proposed modulation and control scheme is validated through the experimental results that are obtained using the laboratory model of a single-phase, five-level inverter based DSTATCOM.     

Multilevel inverter modulation schemes to eliminate common-mode voltages

It is well known that conventional two-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters generate high-frequency common-mode voltages with high dv/dt. Similarly, commonly used multilevel inverter modulation schemes generate common-mode voltages. Common-mode voltages may cause motor shaft voltages and bearing currents and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). Premature motor bearing failures and electronic equipment malfunctions have been reported to be directly related to bearing currents and EMI. In this paper, approaches to eliminating common-mode voltage when using multilevel PWM inverters are presented. It is shown that inverters, which have an odd number of levels, will generate zero common-mode voltage by switching among certain states. Therefore, motor bearing currents will be eliminated and conducted EMI will be reduced. Both sinusoidal PWM and space-vector modulation (SVM) schemes are discussed and detailed comparative simulation results between conventional and novel modulation schemes are provided. The value of the proposed technique is demonstrated experimentally by applying the novel SVM approach to a conventional multilevel inverter.     

级联多电平高压变频器脉宽调制方法的分析

介绍了级联多电平高压变频器的拓扑结构 ,阐述了相位移载波调制技术的基本原理 ,并针对七电平变频器进行了仿真分析。     

混合级联逆变器在STATCOM中的应用研究

随着多电平逆变器在电力系统无功功率补偿领域的广泛应用,为了对目前应用的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)进行改进,提出了将2H桥与3H桥混合级联逆变器作为STATCOM的拓扑,运用EPWM进行调制的解决方案.该方案可以省去庞大笨重的变压器,减小功耗,降低榆出谐波含量.文章对基于混合级联逆变器的STATCOM的工作原理进行了分析,在完成理论研究的基础上,利用电力电子仿真软件Simplorer进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,混合级联STATCOM具有输出波形质量好,动态响应速度快的优点.     

单相级联型五电平逆变器SVPWM控制研究

本文介绍了单相级联型五电平逆变器电路拓扑及其工作原理,详细分析了一种适用于单相五电平逆变器的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)方法.该方法将单相空间矢量图划分为四个区间,在区间内由两个电压矢量实现对输出电压的合成.最后利用Matlab仿真软件建立了单相五电平逆变器SVPWM算法仿真模型,并在不同调制度下进行仿真,仿真结果验...     

Improved PWM control for GTO inverters with pulse number modulation

This paper proposes pulse number modulation (PNM)-assisted pulse-width modulation (PWM) control to improve the modulation factor of bridge inverters and to solve voltage uncontrollability in neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters. The basic idea is to enlarge the linear region of PWM control via PNM technology. The authors show the following through simulation and experimental results: (1) conventional bridge inverters can utilize at most 80% of the nominal inverter capacity because of the limit of the modulation factor. The PWM and PNM combined control is able to improve the modulation factor up to approximately 1.0; and (2) the PWM and PNM control enables linear voltage control in the NPC inverter even for an extremely small reference. The PNM technology also contributes to a reduction in switching losses     

A power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters fordistribution systems

In this paper, a power line conditioner using a cascade multilevel inverter is presented for voltage regulation, reactive power (VAr) compensation, and harmonic filtering. The cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 H bridges, in which each bridge has its own separate DC source. This new inverter can: (1) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per line cycle; (2) eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in the conventional static VAr compensators; and (3) make possible direct connection to the 13.8 kV power distribution system in parallel and series without any transformer. In other words, the power line conditioner is much more efficient and more suitable to VAr compensation and harmonic filtering of distribution systems than traditional multipulse and pulsewidth modulation inverters. It has been shown that the new inverter is especially suited for VAr compensation. This paper focuses on feasibility and control schemes of the cascade inverter for voltage regulation and harmonic filtering in distribution systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of the new power line conditioner