塑料球封装相变材料太阳能热水系统蓄热性能实验研究

搭建了一套相变材料太阳能热水蓄热性能实验系统,选取直径为100 mm的塑料球封装石蜡相变材料,对55℃和60℃两种相变温度的蓄热性能进行了测试,并对相变材料中添加膨胀石墨的蓄热性能进行了对比。结果表明:55℃相变材料的蓄热性能较好,添加膨胀石墨后相变材料的蓄热性能得以强化。     

太阳能相变蓄能通风系统实验研究

针对太阳能通风的不稳定性和不可控性,提供一种利用太阳能作为热源,相变蓄热材料在日间进行蓄热,夜间利用储存热量热压通风的新型系统,使建筑物达到理想的通风效果.通过分别对相变温度为63℃、44℃的相变蓄热材料进行通风实验,得到不同相变温度下系统夜间通风量变化特性.结果表明,采用相变温度分别为63℃、44℃的相变蓄热材料棕榈...     

不锈钢球封装相变材料太阳能热水系统性能实验研究

对居住建筑集中式太阳能热水系统的蓄放热性能进行了研究,选取直径为60 mm的不锈钢球封装添加膨胀石墨的石蜡相变材料,对比了相变温度为55℃和60℃的相变材料在不同太阳辐照量情况下的相变水箱蓄热、放热和保温性能。以用户日最大需求为基准,对太阳能保证率进行了计算。结果表明:热水系统的蓄热时间为2.0～4.5 h;55℃和60℃相变材料对应的太阳能保证率平均值分别为75%和80%,相变蓄热效果好于无蓄热工况,且相变蓄热使系统的太阳能保证率有明显提升;相变温度为60℃的材料较适用于集中式太阳能热水系统。     

相变储能石膏板制备和性能的研究

采用十酸和十二酸作为相变材料,与二氧化硅复合制备相变蓄热复合材料。选取石膏板为基体,并采用直接加入法制备相变储能石膏板。测试结果表明,随着相变蓄热复合材料掺量的增加,相变石膏板的抗压强度逐渐降低;当相变蓄热复合材料掺量为15%时,相变石膏板的抗压强度为1.25 MPa;对其进行DSC分析,其相变温度为20.27℃,相变焓为9.52 J/g,具有合适的相变温度和较好的储热性能。     

毛细管相变蓄热罐性能实验研究

相变蓄热装置是太阳能、工业余热等供热技术推广应用的关键装备。在分析现有相变蓄热装置特性的基础上,提出了毛细管相变蓄热罐,并结合一种复合型相变蓄热材料,对其热物性进行了测试,结果表明该复合相变蓄热材料符合太阳能供热技术的要求。同时研究了水流量和供水温度对毛细管相变蓄热管性能的影响,得出了最佳流量,为毛细管相变蓄热罐的设计提供了数据支持。     

太阳能蓄能通风系统理论模型

建立一个太阳能蓄能通风系统的理论模型,以计算该系统白天蓄热量和夜间通风量。以昆明市气象参数为依据,分析了采用相变材料的相变温度分别为38、44、50、63 ℃时,该系统通风量与烟囱倾角的变化关系。计算结果表明,对于不同相变材料,无论在何倾角下,他们的蓄热量大小趋势都是一致的,即相变温度越高,蓄热量越小。综合考虑通风量和通风时长2种因素,系统最佳倾角应该为45°,而最佳相变材料应为38 ℃十四烷酰。     

使用泡沫铜增强相变材料换热性能的实验研究

针对有机相变材料(PCM)导热系数较低的缺点,通过实验研究了添加通孔泡沫铜金属材料增强相变材料导热系数的方法。选择脂肪酸二元低共熔混合物相变材料作为蓄热介质,通过对其进行DSC测试分析,得到其相变温度和相变潜热。对壳管式潜热蓄热系统填充介质为纯PCM与PCM/泡沫铜复合相变材料两种工况下的熔化过程进行对比实验研究。实验数据表明,与纯PCM蓄热系统相比,添加泡沫铜的蓄热系统换热性能得到增强,整个蓄热器内PCM达到相变温度的时间仅为纯PCM系统的22.5%。     

太阳能蓄能通风屋顶通风性能研究及经济性分析

本文建立了太阳能蓄能通风屋顶的物理模型和数学模型,并通过数学模型研究了通风屋顶各因素对通风性能的影响,指出烟囱高度和蓄热材料相变温度的上升可以强化通风作用;进出风口面积比的减小可以增大通风量,但是当其不变时,同时增大进、出风口面积也可以强化通风作用;单纯增加空气层厚度对通风和空气换热作用并无影响。同时,文章对太阳能蓄能通风系统进行了经济性分析,得到单位面积相变蓄热太阳能通风屋顶的初投资为307～367元/m2。     

复合墙体与太阳能综合利用

叙述了复合材料和复合墙体,介绍了建筑物墙体的结构形式、设计及空调系统的节能效果。蓄热、通风复合墙体可充分利用太阳能、浅层地热能及相变蓄热材料,并充分利用复合墙体的空腔部分,达到隔热、通风和夏季墙体散热功能,具有独特的结构特点和节能优势。     

脂肪酸/无机纳米颗粒基定形相变材料的制备与热性能

以工业水玻璃为纳米SiO2前驱物,以癸酸(CA)和月桂酸(LA)二元低共熔酸为相变芯材,在表面活性剂的参与下,采用溶胶-凝胶法一步制备出纳米级复合定形相变蓄热材料.利用透射电子显微镜,扫描电子显微镜,傅里叶红外光谱仪,方差扫描量热法和热重分析等测试技术对此定形相变蓄热材料的结构和性能进行分析,并采用瞬态热线法测量了其导热系数.结果表明:相变芯材在吸热熔化后不会产生流动和渗漏;复合相变材料中脂肪酸含量(质量分数)为46％,具有良好的相变蓄热性能(相变温度19.57℃,相变潜热71.28 J/g)和热稳定性;复合相变材料导热系数为0.178 W/(m·K),可作为一种良好的隔热、保温建筑材料.     

相变微胶囊/加气混凝土复合材料的热工性能

通过免蒸压法制备加气混凝土(AC),并在制备过程中加入以RT25石蜡为相变材料的相变微胶囊(MPCMs),得到相变微胶囊/加气混凝土复合材料(以下简称复合材料).在17、40℃下测试复合材料的导热系数和比定压热容,研究了这些参数与相变微胶囊掺量的关系,同时计算出复合材料的蓄热系数,据此评价了其蓄热性能.结果表明:随着相变微胶囊掺量的增加,复合材料的导热系数和比定压热容均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;当相变微胶囊掺量为1.0%时,复合材料具有最好的蓄热性能,较不掺相变微胶囊的对照组增强74%,蓄热系数可达3.35W/(m^2·K).     

复合相变墙体应用于被动式太阳房的初步研究

以冬季日照率较高、太阳辐射强度大的北京地区为研究对象,依据建筑热物理学、传热学以及相变贮能理论,结合计算机模拟分析以及实验的方法,研究了复合相变墙体材料在被动式太阳房中应用的可行性,为相变蓄热技术以及可再生能源在建筑节能中的应用提供参考.     

Experimental analysis of thermal performance of evacuated tube solar air collector with phase change material for sunshine and off-sunshine hours

An experimental investigation of an evacuated tube solar air collector coupled to a latent thermal energy store for generating hot air when no solar radiation is incident was undertaken. Acetamide was used as a phase change material (PCM). The latent thermal energy store was integrated with the manifold of the solar collector and water was used as the working fluid transferring solar gain to the air being heated. The maximum measured temperature differential between the heated air and the ambient air was 37°C and 20.2°C during conditions of incident and non-incident solar radiation, respectively. This occurred using a circular fin configuration at a flow rate of 0.018?kg?s^?1. The efficiency at low (0.018?kg?s^?1) air flow rates was 0.05–0.50 times less as compared to high (0.035?kg?s^?1) air flow rates. This system has advantages over systems using sensible storage as it can be used after sunset due to better heat storing capacity of the PCM.     

癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩相变石膏热学性能研究

相变储能技术对于提升建筑节能性有显著作用。本文以癸酸-棕榈酸作为相变复合材料,以膨胀珍珠岩作为吸附材料,并以建筑石膏作为胶凝材料,制备了癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩相变石膏。分别对癸酸-棕榈酸相变复合材料的相变温度和相变焓值、癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩相变颗粒的热稳定性、癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩相变石膏的热学性能等进行了测试,分析癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩相变石膏在建筑墙体中应用的可行性。     

相变储能材料研究进展

综述相变材料分类(有机、无机、复合相变材料)及其优缺点。无机相变材料存在过冷及相分离现象,通过添加成核剂及增稠剂来消除;有机相变材料固体成型好、无毒,但热导率低;复合相变材料主要包括有机-有机、有机-无机、无机-无机复合相变材料,其融合了有机、无机相变材料的优点,成为当前应用较多的相变材料,未来可将研发重点放在制备热性能更稳定、储热密度更高、相变潜热更大且无过冷及相分离的复合相变材料,逐渐替代单一有机、无机相变材料。为了提高有机相变材料的热导率,通过添加高热导率纳米颗粒、膨胀石墨、金属泡沫、膨胀珍珠岩以及通过封装相变材料等方式来提高相变材料热导率,增加储热速率,结果表明,添加高热导率材料,可提高相变材料热导率,且热稳定性及热可靠性也较好,未来可重点研发分散性及相容性较好的特制高分子材料,替代传统高热导率材料,通过添加一种材料就可达到多种提升效果。     

Stearic acid/silica fume composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage

The aim of this research is to prepare a novel form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) for the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) in buildings, passive solar space heating by impregnating of stearic acid (SA) into silica fume (SF) matrix through the technique of solution impregnation. The structure, thermal properties, thermal reliability, thermal conductivity and heat storage or release performance of the composite PCM were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal cycling test analysis technique. The results show that the form-stable composite PCM has the optimal effect, preventing the leakage of SA from the composite, emerges when the SA and SF mass ratio is 1:0.9. The SA loaded on the matrix surface by physical attraction with the mass ratio of 47% during the preparation process. The latent heat of the composite PCM is measured as 82.53 J/g for the melting process and 84.47 J/g for the freezing process, respectively, which indicate the heat storage ability of composite is connected with the mass ratio of SA in composite. The results of DSC, FTIR and thermal cycling test are all show that the thermal reliability of the composite PCM has an imperceptible change. The increase of thermal conductivity was also confirmed by comparing the melting time, freezing time and phase change time of the composite with that of SA. All of the conclusions indicate that the composite has a better thermal conductivity and good thermal and chemical stability.     

A novel montmorillonite-based composite phase change material and its applications in thermal storage building materials

A novel composite phase change material (PCM) was prepared by blending an organic PCM with an organic-modified montmorillonite. The thermal characteristics of the composite PCM were close to those of the pure PCM, and 1500 times heating–cooling cycles test showed that the composite PCM had good performance stability. Compared with the pure PCM, the composite PCM exhibited higher heat transfer rate owing to the combination with montmorillonite. The composite PCM had a good compatibility with gypsum powders, and the composite gypsum boards prepared had a function of cutting down energy consumption by decreasing the frequency of internal air temperature swings.     

Preparation and characterization of fatty acid ester/building material composites for thermal energy storage in buildings

In this study, fatty acid ester/building material composites as novel form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) were prepared by absorbing liquid fatty acid esters into porous network of conventional building materials. In the composite erythritol tetrapalmitate (ETP) and erythritol tetrastearate (ETS) esters were used as PCM for thermal energy storage, and cement and gypsum used as supporting material. The composite PCMs were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) analysis technique. The SEM results showed that the esters were confined in the porous network of the cement and gypsum. Thermal properties and thermal stabilities of the composite PCMs were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis techniques. DSC results showed that the melting temperatures and the latent heats of the prepared composite PCMs were in range of 21.6-32.3 °C and 35.9-43.3 J/g, respectively. TG analysis indicated that the composite PCMs had good thermal stability. The thermal cycling test including 1000 heating and cooling process was conducted to determine the thermal reliability of the composite PCMs and the test results revealed that the composite PCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability.     

Preparation and characteristics of n-nonadecane/cement composites as thermal energy storage materials in buildings

n-Nonadecane/cement composites as thermal energy storage materials (TESM) were prepared by absorbing n-nonadecane in porous network of cement. In composite materials, n-nonadecane was used as the phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage, and cement acted as the supporting material. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) were used to determine the FT-IR spectra, the crystalloid phase and microstructure of n-nonadecane/cement composites, respectively. The thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus (TGA), respectively. The SEM results showed that n-nonadecane was well dispersed in the porous network of cement. The DSC results indicated that the n-nonadecane/cement composite material has the melting latent heat of 69.12 kJ/kg with melting temperature of 31.86 °C, and solidifying latent heat of 64.07 kJ/kg with solidifying temperature of 31.82 °C.