基于联苯甲酰衍生物新型荧光探针的设计、合成及其性质研究

以1-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,3-二甲氧基苯基)-乙二酮、水杨酰肼为原料合成了一种新型的离子荧光探针苯甲酰双腙类衍生物BDH,化合物结构通过红外、氢谱、碳谱以及高分辨质谱进行确认.选择性实验表明,当以乙腈为溶液时,化合物BDH能够选择性地识别Cr3+.竞争性实验表明,当其他金属离子与Cr3+形成共存离子时,不影响BDH对Cr3+的检测作用,说明配体具有较强的抗干扰能力.荧光滴定实验表明,当Cr3+浓度范围在8×10-7 ～5×10-6 mol/L时,Cr3+浓度与AF呈现较好的线性关系,线性拟合系数为0.996 95,检出限为1.19×10-11 mol/L.Job's Plot实验表明,BDH和Cr3+以1∶1的形式配位.     

Na2S溶液吸收低浓度SO2的控制步骤分析

在一个半连续式反应器中采用硫化钠溶液吸收低浓度的SO2气体,随着SO2吸收量的增加,吸收液中pH值的变化出现两次突降,表现为三阶段模式.pH值第二次突降后的第三阶段吸收液失去完全吸收SO2的能力.SO2吸收的增强因子的变化范围为2.29+6.9×10-10C-H2i+1.1×10-2C-1H+i-(6.9×10-10C-2H+1.1×10-2C-1H+1)CSO2i/CSO21＜φ＜2.29+6.9×10-10C-2H+i+1.1×10-2C-1H+1,结合Gianni根据增强因子大小判断气体吸收的传质阻力控制步骤的分析,得出在本研究体系中,当吸收液pH＞3.46时硫化钠溶液吸收低浓度的SO2气体的过程为气侧传质阻力控制.这一结论正好与实验相符.     

镀铬溶液中铁的测定

研究了在吐温-80存在下,于pH=2~3的盐酸溶液中,三价铁离子与二安替比林甲烷和碘化钾作用形成棕黄色的三元离子缔合物的显色反应条件。该体系的最大吸收峰为400 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数4ε00=7.5×104L/(m o l.cm),Fe3+质量浓度在0.16~2.8 m g/L范围内符合比尔定律。该法可用于镀铬液中铁的测定。     

一种简便测定环境样品中Cr(Ⅲ)的新方法

根据Luminol H2O2 Cr(Ⅲ)体系在碱性条件下产生很强的化学发光的原理,用光电二极管作检测器测定环境样品中的Cr(Ⅲ)。本方法具有分析速度快、选择性好、检测装置结构非常简单,成本低等优点。其检测限为5.0×10-8g/mL,线性范围为5.0×10-8～5.0×10-4g/mL,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。在实际样品的分析中,取得了令人满意的结果。     

专利实例

三价铬电解液镀铬三则20081101由三价铬镀液中电镀功能铬及铬合金镀层该发明提供了由含Cr3 离子镀液获得功能性铬或铬合金镀层的一种方法。所采用的镀液中含有Cr3 离子、甲酸根离子、Br-离子、硼酸和一种润湿剂。各组分的质量浓度为:Cr3 离子5~60 g/L、H3BO350 g/L~饱和、COOH-     

漆酚高分子树脂在电化学测定铜中的应用

报道了用漆酚高分子树脂修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铜离子的电分析方法。该电极能用于环境水样中痕量Cu2+的高灵敏度测定,在0.1mol/L的KNO3中,进行DPV扫描后,在-0.02V处出现一氧化峰,利用该峰可进行Cu2+定量测定。通过优化测定条件,利用该修饰电极测定Cu2+的线性范围为:1×10-8～3×10-7mol/L,检测限为5×10-10mol/L。用于环境水样中痕量Cu2+的测定,平均回收率大于98%。     

甲基紫褪色光度法测定酸性镀金液中微量的钴

在HNO3介质95℃恒温水浴中,Co2+能催化过氧化氢氧化甲基紫褪色,据此提出了褪色光度法测定微量Co2+的新方法。Co2+的浓度在0～135μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数8.69×104L/(mol·cm),最大吸收波长为580nm,方法的检出限为2.53×10-10μg/L。此法用于测定酸性镀金液中钴的含量,结果令人满意。     

硫酸铵-乙醇-硫氰酸钾-水体系萃取Ti~(4+)

研究了乙醇-硫氰酸钾-水体系析相萃取分离和富集钛的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,硫酸铵能使乙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,Ti 4+和硫氰酸钾生成的Ti(SCN)26-与质子化乙醇C2H5OH2+形成的缔合物[Ti(SCN)26-][C2H5OH2+]2能被乙醇相完全萃取。当乙醇、硫氰酸钾和硫酸铵的浓度分别为30%(V/V)、6.0×10-2 mol/L和0.30g/mL时,Ti 4+的萃取率达到96.9%以上,Al 3+、Ni 2+、Mg2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr3+、Fe2+、Pb2+和Mn2+离子基本不被萃取,实现了Ti 4+与上述金属离子的分离。对合成水样中钛的分离和测定,结果满意。     

镀铬溶液中铁的快速光度法测定

本文根据磺基水扬酸对铁(Ⅲ)的特效显色反应,制定了用磺基水扬酸直接光度法测定镀铬溶液中的铁含量。测定时的pH为3,波长为540 nm,用镀铬底液作参比液。试验表明,当CrO_3高至500 g/L,Cr_2O_3高至30g/L,Cu~(2+)高至10g/L,Ni~(2+)与Co~(2+)高至10g/L均无干扰。在阴离子中,F~-离子干扰较大,只能允许0.5g/L以下,但SiF_6~(2-)却允许存在2 g/L以下,当存在这些离子时,只要加入少量Al~(3+)离子,便可完全消除干扰,而Al~(3+)离子即使高至20g/L也并不干扰测定。     

痕量磷的高灵敏分光光度法测定

研究了在阿拉伯树胶存在下,磷钒钼蓝-罗丹明B离子缔合物高灵敏分光光度法测定痕量磷的方法。缔合物的最大吸收波长为575nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2.06×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Sandell灵敏度为1·5×10~(-4)μgP/cm~2。磷含量在0～3.5μg/25ml范围内遵守比尔定律。离子缔合物的组成比为3:1。方法可用于农业样品中磷的测定。     

镀铬情缘

邮局送来一本刚出版的电镀刊物,我随手翻阅起来,一篇文章引起我高度关注,反复看了两遍,它传递的信息使我大为惊讶。说的是镀铬溶液,文章是这样写的：“……有些中小企业没有化验条件,对硫酸含量只凭估计,又担心估计不够确切,所以干脆采取加过量的碳酸钡将硫酸全部沉淀掉,过滤后再准确地加入所需硫     

两种不锈钢冲刷腐蚀的研究

用板状试样在料浆罐式冲刷腐蚀实验机上研究了两种不锈钢的冲刷腐蚀规律。结果表明,力学性能只在冲刷速度高时才对材料耐冲刷腐蚀性有显著作用,在冲刷速度高时,２Ｃｒ１３的冲刷腐蚀失重比１Ｃｒ１７Ｍｏ２低;而在冲刷速度低时（２ｍ／ｓ）,１Ｃｒ１７Ｍｏ２的冲刷腐蚀失重比２Ｃｒ１３的低。材料的力学性能也影响其在不同冲刷角度时的冲刷腐蚀规律。２Ｃｒ１３的冲刷腐蚀失重随冲刷角度增大而单调增加,在冲刷角为９０°时最大。１Ｃｒ１７Ｍｏ２的冲刷腐蚀失重在３０°左右时出现峰值,在９０°时为最大。两种材料的纯冲刷失重随冲刷角度的变化与冲刷腐蚀失重的变化类似。     

镀铬阳极选用

简要分析了阳极材料及阳极面积对镀铬溶液及镀层性能的影响。设计出一种简单实用的、符合镀铬工艺特殊要求的窗格式镀铬阳极。介绍了这种阳极的优点及El常维护。     

Sintering additives regulated Cr ion charge state in Cr doped YAG transparent ceramics

Cr: YAG and Cr, Nd: YAG transparent ceramics have significant application prospects in solid state lasers, therefore a controllable charge state of Cr ion in Cr doped YAG transparent ceramics is necessary. In this study, a successful regulation of Cr charge state in both Cr, Nd: YAG and Cr: YAG transparent ceramics was achieved, by a simple optimizing the sintering additives. Both ceramics with the Cr doping concentration of 0.3?at% reached to the theoretical transmittance, after the vacuum sintering and the subsequent annealing process. It was found that by adopting silica additive, divalent charged Cr²⁺ ions could be detected from the vacuum sintered samples, and they were transferred into trivalent state after further annealing in air. Meanwhile, by vacuum sintering ceramics with divalent additives (CaO and MgO), a stable trivalent charged Cr ion could be obtained, and the subsequent air annealing process indicated a significant conversion from Cr³⁺ to Cr⁴⁺. Further increasing the Cr concentration was not benefit to the optical quality as well as the conversion of Cr³⁺ ion in Cr, Nd: YAG transparent ceramics.     

金刚石表面电镀铬新工艺

在金刚石表面化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ做导电底层,然后采用三价铬镀液在金刚石表面电镀金属铬镀层,Ｘ－射线分析表明,在高温下金刚石表面镀层中有金属铬的碳化物生成。铬碳化物的生成增强了金刚石与胎体金属之间的浸润能力,从而增强了金刚石与胎体金属之间的结合强度。     

Activation of Phillips Cr/silica catalysts: IV. Mobility of Cr(VI)

The saturation coverage behavior of Cr(VI) on silica has been used to study the mobility of hexavalent chromium during commercial activation of the Phillips catalyst in a fluidized bed. Cr(VI) was found to migrate not only within each silica particle, but even between particles. The mechanism of transfer is thought to be particle-to-particle contact during the fluid bed calcining process, and Cr migration was observed at temperatures as low as 300–400 °C in these experiments. Transfer can take place even in the absence of oxygen, which suggests that redox cycling is probably not the main method of mobility. However, once the silica is calcined at high temperatures the migration is stopped at low temperatures, indicating that the thermal history of the surface is important in the transfer process. Migration of Cr on and between alumina particles behaved in much the same way, and Cr transfer was also observed between silica and alumina in both directions. Cr(III) on deactivated commercial Cr/silica catalysts could be reclaimed to Cr(VI) surprisingly easily by co-activation with virgin support. The spreading out of Cr(VI) onto a fresh unoccupied surface probably provides a powerful force to reoxidize the otherwise seemingly inert alpha-Cr₂O₃ crystallites. The mobility has important consequences for commercial manufacture and use of the catalyst.     

三价铬电镀的新进展

简要回顾了三价铬电镀的发展历史,介绍了目前三价铬电底存在的问题及解决途径,重点叙述了近年发展起来的三价铬电镀功能性厚铬工艺及其特性。     

Interactions of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with isolated rat liver mitochondria

The mechanism of interaction of Cr(VI) with isolated rat liver mitochondria was investigated in this study. The results suggest that Cr(VI) induces the opening of the membrane permeability transition pore (MPT). The phenomenon is cyclosporine-sensitive and is in agreement with the cyclosporine-sensitive apoptosis observed in the cells incubated with this compound. Moreover the action of Cr(III), that is formed in the cells by a reduction of Cr(VI), has been also analysed. The results obtained demonstrated that the Cr(III) does not induce the opening of the MPT in isolated mitochondria, but it has a protective effect in preventing Cr(VI) MPT opening. Therefore, these results suggest that apoptosis is regulated by a balance between Cr(VI) accumulation in the cytoplasm and Cr(III) formation.     

Sand erosion and crack propagation mechanism of Cr/CrN/Cr/CrAlN multilayer coating

Herein, we have deposited Cr/CrN/Cr/CrAlN multilayer coatings with various modulation ratios on TC11 alloy substrate using cathodic arc system. The influence of various modulation ratios on microstructure and Al₂O₃ sand erosion behavior of coatings is systematically studied. Results reveal that the coatings are about 200 nm per cycle and total thickness is 8 μm. Five groups of coatings exhibit high hardness (>3000 HV_0.025). The coating with modulation ratio of 12 adhesion can reaches 55 N. The residual stress increases with the decrease of the modulation ratio, but the increase is generally low (less than ?2 GPa). In addition, according to sand erosion test, it is found that sand erosion resistance of multilayer coating is significantly around 5 times higher than TC11 alloy matrix. The erosion morphology shows that a large number of irregular cracks and layered spalling appear on the surface of the coating, indicating that the cracks are constantly initiated under the continuous impact of the sand and gravel，and finally gather together and then spalling. Moreover, dynamic response and stress field of the coating under the impact of single sand (Al₂O₃) are studied by numerical simulations. It is determined that coating cracking is caused by high tensile stress under CrAlN layer. In addition, according to crack propagation morphology and influence of different interfaces between multilayered structures on crack tips, propagation/termination mechanism of cracks is analyzed in detail. Cracks are easy to initiate in hard CrAlN layer and consume a lot of energy after propagating into soft Cr layer, thereby ending at next soft and hard interfaces. These results provide experimental and theoretical support for the study of high tenacity and anti-erosion coating.     

土壤-植物系统中的铬

介绍了土壤环境中铬的来源及其迁移转化积累，分析植物对铬的吸收和积累，以及探索铬在植物生长发育中的作用和对土壤-植物系统的影响。