基于Polytec激光测振仪的微振动测试分析系统

给出了基于Polytec激光测振仪的微振动测试分析系统的组成及其采用的一种全新的频率特性的测试、分析方法.针对硅微谐振式传感器频率特性(谐振频率和品质因数)测量的特殊性,提出了以线性调频信号为激励信号、线性调频Z变换(CZT)为频谱分析工具的系统频率特性的动态测试方法,使得该系统能够高效、精确地测量机械式谐振传感器的频率特性.     

热激励谐振式硅微结构压力传感器闭环系统

讨论了一 执 式硅微结构压力传感器闭环系统。该谐振式硅微结构压力传感器以方形硅膜片作为一次敏感元件;硅梁作为二次敏感元件。在硅梁谐振子的中部设置一电阻,作为热激励单元;在梁的要部设置一压敏电阻,作为拾振单元。基于该夺式硅微结构压力传感器敏感机理,分析了信号的相互转换,给出传感器闭环系统实现的条件。     

热激励谐振式硅微结构压力传感器

对一种以方形硅膜片作为一次敏感元件;硅梁作为二次敏感元件的硅谐振式压力微传感器进行了研究:建立了微传感器敏感结构的数学模型;敏感结构参数:方形膜边长4 mm,膜厚0.1 mm,梁谐振子长1.3 mm,宽0.08 mm,厚0.007 mm;对原理实验样件采用电热激励、压阻拾振方式作了开环测试,讨论了传感器的闭环系统.     

正弦波调制对谐振式陀螺中谐振信号的影响

谐振式光纤陀螺（R—FOG）是利用光学Sagnac效应实现对转动角速度检测的一种高精度惯性传感器件。理论分析了正弦波调制特性,搭建了光学微谐振腔的调制解调实验系统,实验对比了正弦波、锯齿波、三角波3种调制波形对谐振信号信噪比的影响,得出了正弦波调制效果最好,提高了谐振信号的信噪比。针对不同调制幅度和频率条件下的正弦波调制对谐振信号的影响进行了测试,得出了调制幅度和调制频率对谐振信号的影响,为光学微谐振腔在谐振式陀螺系统应用中相位调制选择最佳的参数提供了参考。     

基于相位控制的硅微机械陀螺驱动控制技术

全面分析、研究并实现了一种基于相位控制的硅微机械陀螺(Silicon micromechanical gyroscope, SMG)驱动控制技术. 分析了硅微陀螺驱动模态的动力学特性,阐述了相位控制方案的基本原理; 在此基础上建立了控制环路,采用自激振荡理论分析了其稳定性; 建立了环路的相位模型,引入特异因子实现相位控制误差到频率差 (工作频率与驱动模态谐振频率之差)的转换; 建立了对应于相位控制环路的频率模型,当环路滤波器为一阶模型时, 与传递函数为二阶的信号跟踪锁相环(Phase locked loop, PLL)不同,总的闭环模型仅为一阶; 最后基于FPGA平台,采用线性鉴相方式设计了数字化相位控制环路, 并结合幅值控制实现了双闭环驱动控制电路.测试结果表明, 该方案可实现硅微陀螺驱动端的高精度控制.     

硅微谐振式加速度计相位控制环路优化研究

硅微谐振式加速度计(MSRA)凭借其潜在的高精度特点成为微加速度传感器领域的重点研究方向之一.相位环路的控制精度直接决定了MSRA的测量精度.在对MSRA工作机理进行简要分析的基础上,着重研究了现实验室加速度计样机的相位控制环路,分析了其相位误差的来源,并在原有环路滤波器的基础上增加了一种带参考电压的PI校正控制环节.实验结果表明,增加PI校正环节后,组成的四阶二型锁相环路可以使差分频率输出与温度线性拟合的相关系数从0.96291提高至0.98863,在±20 g量程围内,非线性度从430 ppm降低至154 ppm,硅微谐振式加速度计的零偏稳定性在常温下达到8.64 μg.     

硅微仿生矢量水声传感器研制

根据鱼类侧线听觉仿生学原理,设计出硅微仿生矢量水声传感器结构.该传感器结构包括高精度压阻式硅微换能单元结构和空芯光子晶体光纤柱体.讨论了水声传感器结构的仿生学原理和声学原理.用有限元软件Ansys分析传感器的应力分布,讨论了传感器的加工工艺,并采用气流静态加载法测试出传感器的矢量指向性图,测试结果表明,仿生水声传感微结构具有“8字型“矢量指向性.     

硅谐振微传感器中微弱信号频率的外差式随机共振检测

硅谐振微传感器输出信号的信噪比很低,频率信号往往淹没在噪声之中.论文分析了随机共振系统的功率谱放大率和信噪比特性,提出了外差式随机共振频率检测方法,并将该方法应用于硅谐振微传感器输出信号的频率检测.理论分析和数值仿真结果表明,外差式随机共振能将更多的噪声能量转变为频率信号的能量,通过调节载波信号频率可从共振谱峰的变化中准确测定谐振频率.该方法是可行、有效的.     

硅岛式微谐振压力传感器灵敏度分析与仿真

微谐振式压力传感器尺寸小、重量轻、精度高并具有效字输出,在航空航天等领域有着广阔的应用前景.然而由于微机械加工工艺的限制,复杂结构的制作存在很多困难,因而为实现高灵敏度压力测量,微谐振式压力传感器的结构设计就显得尤为重要,因此提出一种新型硅岛式谐振梁支撑结构,它利用硅薄膜作为典型的一次敏感元件,并在其上表面中央部位设计了两个硅岛凸起平台,用以固定硅谐振梁,并通过有限元软件ANSYS进行仿真.分析结果表明,在一定量程内,该结构能有效提高谐振梁内的应力放大倍数,进而提高微压力传感器的灵敏度.     

谐振敏感元件特性模拟器的研究

为了实现谐振式硅微传感器测试仪器的直接校验,以及进行谐振式传感器反馈控制电路的优化研究,设计了能够模拟压阻拾振式谐振敏感元件特性的电路.其中压阻变换是该电路实现的关键.文章采用模拟电路实现对谐振敏感元件的电阻拾振特性的模拟,得到受电压线性控制的交变电阻.对该电路进行了高频特性分析,提出一种可拓宽其频带的反馈补偿技术,从...     

Design and modeling of a novel microsensor to detect magnetic fields in two orthogonal directions

In this paper, we present the design and modeling of the electrical–mechanical behavior of a novel microsensor to detect magnetic fields in two orthogonal directions (2D). This microsensor uses a simple silicon resonant structure and a Wheatstone bridge with small p-type piezoresistors (10 × 4 × 1 μm) to improve the microsensor resolution. The resonant structure has two double-clamped silicon beams (1000 × 28 × 5 μm) and an aluminum loop (1 μm thickness). The microsensor design allows important advantages such as small size, compact structure, easy operation and signal processing, and high resolution. In addition, the microsensor design is suitable to fabricate using silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers in a standard bulk micromachining process. An analytical model is developed to predict the first bending resonant frequency of the microsensor structure using Macaulay and Rayleigh methods, as well as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Air and intrinsic damping sources of the microsensor structure are considered for its electrical–mechanical response. The mechanical behavior of the microsensor is studied using finite element models (FEMs). For 10 mA of root mean square (RMS) excitation current and 10 Pa air pressure, this microsensor has a linear electrical response, a fundamental bending resonant frequency of 52,163 Hz, and a high theoretical resolution of 160 pT.     

Mechanical design and characterization of a resonant magnetic field microsensor with linear response and high resolution

A resonant magnetic field microsensor based on Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology including a piezoresistive detection system has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The mechanical design for the microsensor includes a symmetrical resonant structure integrated into a seesaw rectangular loop (700 μm × 450 μm) of 5 μm thick silicon beams. An analytical model for estimating the first resonant frequency and deflections of the resonant structure by means of Rayleigh and Macaulay's methods is developed. The microsensor exploits the Lorentz force and presents a linear response in the weak magnetic field range (40–2000 μT). It has a resonant frequency of 22.99 kHz, a sensitivity of 1.94 V T^?1, a quality factor of 96.6 at atmospheric pressure, and a resolution close to 43 nT for a frequency difference of 1 Hz. In addition, the microsensor has a compact structure, requires simple signal processing, has low power consumption (16 mW), as well as an uncomplicated fabrication process. This microsensor could be useful in applications such as the automotive sector, the telecommunications industry, in consumer electronic products, and in some medical applications.     

Theoretical Analysis of Strong-Axis Bending Mode Vibrations for Resonant Microcantilever (Bio)Chemical Sensors in Gas or Liquid Phase

The frequency stability, sensitivity, and limit of detection of a coated-cantilever chemical sensor operating in a dynamic mode are mainly determined by its mechanical quality factor. While a coated-cantilever operating in the gas phase exhibits a large reduction in quality factor, immersion in liquids results in an even greater reduction in the Q-factor due to displaced fluid mass and losses in the surrounding liquid. In this paper, two different bending vibration modes are studied in order to minimize both the losses induced by the surrounding medium and the displaced fluid mass, thus increasing the quality factor and sensitivity and improving (decreasing) the detection limit of the biochemical microsensor. The two particular vibration modes both involve "first mode" flexural vibrations (but in different orthogonal planes), and are referred to herein as "weak-axis bending" (WAB) and "strong-axis bending" (SAB). Using Sader's model, the expressions for both the quality factor and the resonant frequency are analyzed for the case of immersion in a viscous fluid. The results indicate that the strong-axis bending mode has certain advantages over the more conventional weak-axis mode in enhancing the sensor sensitivity and detection limit, even for the case in which the WAB and SAB devices have identical resonant frequencies     

谐振式硅微机械加速度计研究进展

谐振式硅微机械加速度计作为一种新型的对加速度进行测量的传感器,是通过检测加速度施加前后谐振敏感元件谐振频率变化实现对加速度检测的。该传感器具有频率信号输出、稳定性好、灵敏度高、精度高等优点,己成为微传感器的重要发展方向之一。汇总了该传感器的国内外相关研究现状,并对加工工艺进行了总结,讨论了谐振式硅微加速度计设计中的关键技术因素,并给出了未来的发展方向。     

Contactless electromagnetic switched interrogation of micromechanical cantilever resonators

A principle for contactless interrogation of passive micromechanical resonator sensors is proposed. The principle exploits an external primary coil electromagnetically air-coupled to a secondary coil which is connected to a conductive path on the resonator. The interrogation periodically switches between interleaved excitation and detection phases. During the excitation phase the resonator is driven into vibrations, while in the detection phase the excitation signal is turned off and the decaying oscillations are contactless sensed. The principle advantageously avoids magnetic properties required to the resonator, thereby ensuring compatibility with standard silicon microfabrication processes. The principle has been implemented on a MEMS SOI microcantilever resonator sensor with mechanical resonant frequency of 10.186 kHz and has been demonstrated to work over a distance of up to 1 cm. Tests based on the deposition and evaporation of a water droplet have demonstrated the capability to sense physical and chemical quantities which affect either the resonant frequency or the quality factor of the resonator.     

微结构谐振梁式压力传感器研究

利用微电子机械加工技术成功地研制出电势激励、压阻拾振的高精度硅谐振梁式压力传感器,传感器的谐振器的品质因素Ｑ值大于１７０００。采用扫描检测方式和闭环自激振荡方式测定压力传感器的压力特性,其压力测试范围为０￣４００ｋＰａ,线性相关系数为０．９９９９５,测试精度小于０。０６％Ｆ．Ｓ。     

A phase-locked loop frequency tracking system for portable microelectromechanical piezoresistive cantilever mass sensors

A closed-loop circuit is developed in this work for tracking the resonant frequency of silicon microcantilever mass sensors. The proposed closed-loop system is mainly based on a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. To lock onto the resonant frequency of the resonator, an actuation signal generated from a voltage-controlled oscillator is fed back to the input reference signal of the cantilever sensor. In addition to the PLL circuit, an instrumentation amplifier and an active low-pass filter are connected to the system for gaining the cantilever output signal and transforming a rectangular PLL output signal into a sinusoidal signal used for sensor actuation, respectively. To demonstrate the functionality of the system, a self-sensing silicon cantilever resonator with a built-in piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge is fabricated and integrated with the circuit. A piezoactuator is employed to actuate the cantilever into resonance. From the measurement results, the integrated closed-loop system is successfully employed to characterize a 9.4 kHz cantilever sensor under ambient temperature cross-sensitivity yielding a sensor temperature coefficient of ?32.8 ppm/°C. In addition to it, the sensor was also exposed to exhaled human breath condensates and e-cigarette aerosols to test the sensor sensitivity obtained from mass-loading effects. With a high frequency stability (i.e., a frequency deviation as low as 0.02 Hz), this developed system is intended to support the miniaturization of the instrumentation modules for cantilever-based nanoparticle detectors (CANTORs).     

Modeling and Simulation for a Microstructure Silicon Concentrated Force Sensor

Based on the sensing mechanism of microsensor, a simulation model of a practical silicon beam resonator attached to an E-type round diaphragm and used for measuring concentrated force is established. The relationship between the basic natural frequency of the beam resonator and the concentrated force is calculated, analyzed and investigated. As a microsensor FEM is used to study some important simulation results on the vibration features of the beam resonators. Based on the differential output signals, a se...