加工过程对苹果籽油中植物甾醇流向分布影响

采用GC-FIR法对苹果籽加工过程中的植物甾醇进行了成分分析。结果表明,苹果籽油中植物甾醇主要成分为菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇,其中以β-谷甾醇含量最高;压榨法制备的苹果籽油植物甾醇的含量(385mg/100g)高于索氏提取(288mg/100g)和超声提取法(318mg/100g);且随着苹果籽油精炼程度提高,油脂中的有益微量成分植物甾醇损失增大。     

亚麻籽油中植物甾醇含量的测定

以32种亚麻籽油为原料,采用GC-MS测定其植物甾醇的组成与含量,确定亚麻籽油中含有6种植物甾醇,分别为菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、Δ5-燕麦甾醇、环阿屯醇、2,4-亚甲基环阿屯醇。总甾醇含量范围为321.65~1 028.5 mg/100 g,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高。将植物甾醇各组分含量与亚麻籽油氧化诱导时间进行相关性分析,结果表明豆甾醇含量与亚麻籽油氧化诱导时间有显著正相关性。     

米糠超临界流体萃取物中植物甾醇组分的气相色谱分析

用气相色谱法对米糠超临界流体萃取物中植物甾醇组成及其含量进行分析。结果表明：米糠超临界流体萃取物中含有3 种植物甾醇,即菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β- 谷甾醇,其中β- 谷甾醇含量最高为8.47mg/g,其次是菜油甾醇含量为1.97mg/g,豆甾醇含量最低为1.23mg/g。气相色谱法检测米糠中植物甾醇种类及含量,可广泛用于植物原料中的植物甾醇的定性、定量分析。     

楸树种子油中活性成分及种粕中黄酮类成分研究

本文以楸树种子为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法测定楸树种子油中脂肪酸及植物甾醇组成,高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定种子油中生育酚含量,同时采用高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）联用法对脱脂种粕中黄酮类成分进行分析,并考察其抗氧化活性。结果表明,楸树种子油中共检测出11种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸、a-亚麻酸和油酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达87.37%;含有菜油甾醇（21.52%）、豆甾醇（4.43%）和β-谷甾醇（74.05%）;含有132.58 mg/100 g的生育酚,其中γ-生育酚（88.84 mg/100g）比α-生育酚（43.74 mg/100g）含量高近2倍。种粕中含有4种黄酮类成分,其总黄酮含量为9.39 mg/g DW,具有一定的抗氧化活性。本研究为充分利用楸树种子资源,提高楸树的经济价值和开发高效植物源类抗氧化剂提供理论依据。     

气相色谱法测定保健食品中植物甾醇的含量

目的探索保健食品及甾醇原料中各种植物甾醇含量的分析方法。方法采用气相色谱方法,用安捷伦毛细管色谱柱,氢火焰离子化检测器,以程序升温检测不同基质样品中甾醇的含量。结果在一定的色谱条件下胆甾醇、菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、内标桦木醇分离良好。以甾醇总量、甾醇峰面积总和与内标桦木醇峰面积之比做标准曲线,线性范围0.0553～6.64mg/mL,相关系数0.999,定量限为0.0550 mg/mL,加标回收率在97.78%～100.2%之间, RSD在0.49%～0.75%之间。结论该方法检测时间短、灵敏、准确。为食品、保健食品及其原料甾醇含量检测方法研究,提供了有价值的科学依据。     

楸树种子油中活性成分及其粕中黄酮类成分研究

以楸树种子为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定楸树种子油中脂肪酸及植物甾醇组成,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定种子油中生育酚含量,同时采用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用法对脱脂种粕中黄酮类成分进行分析,并考察其抗氧化活性。结果表明,楸树种子油中共检测出11种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和油酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为87.37%;含有菜油甾醇(21·52%)、豆甾醇(4.43%)和β-谷甾醇(74.05%);含有132.58 mg/100 g的生育酚,其中γ-生育酚(88·84 mg/100g)比α-生育酚(43.74 mg/100g)含量高近2倍。种粕中含有4种黄酮类成分,其总黄酮含量为9.39 mg/g DW,具有一定的抗氧化活性。本研究为充分利用楸树种子资源,提高楸树的经济价值和开发高效植物源类抗氧化剂提供参考。     

几种常见坚果植物甾醇组成及含量测定

采用毛细管气相色谱法,对葵花籽、花生、核桃及松子中植物甾醇组成进行分析并测定其含量。结果表明：四种坚果中均含有菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇,均未检测到菜籽甾醇及豆甾醇;其甾醇总含量以松子最高,葵花子和花生次之,最低为核桃。同时,在所有样品中测出三种甾醇中均以β-谷甾醇含量最高。     

婴儿配方乳粉中4种植物甾醇的含量研究

目的气相色谱法分析我国市场上销售的30批次婴儿配方乳粉,研究其中的4种植物甾醇含量分布情况。方法样品中加入内标5-α胆甾烷醇溶液和10%乙酰氯甲醇溶液,在80℃水浴中甲酯化2 h,用甲苯萃取。加入碳酸钠溶液(6 g/100 mL)使其分层,取上层甲苯溶液氮吹浓缩后,定容至1.0 mL,用气相色谱仪分析。结果婴儿配方乳粉中4种植物甾醇含量在23.9～148.9 mg/kg之间,β-谷甾醇含量最高,分别占到各自乳粉中4种甾醇总量的40.9%～69.0%。结论此次检测的30批次婴儿配方乳粉中均含有一定量的植物甾醇,但样品中的甾醇含量不同。     

HPLC-UV法测定植物甾醇中3种甾醇单体的含量

本文建立了一种利用紫外高效液相法(HPLC-UV)测定植物甾醇中菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的方法。采用 Waters Symmetry C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以乙腈和水为流动相等度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为208 nm。实验结果表明:菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇在38 min内均能实现基线分离,线性范围分别为2.52~50.30、5.08~101.60、5.10~102.00 μg/mL时,甾醇单体的线性关系良好,相关系数r分别为0.9971、0.9989、0.9991,检测限为2.5 μg/mL;日内精密度在0.06%~3.06%范围内,日间精密度介于1.56%~6.61%;加样回收率介于92.74%~106.25%之间。本方法能够准确测定4种植物甾醇中3种甾醇单体的含量,其中大豆甾醇和木甾醇中3种甾醇单体的含量组成差异较大,大豆甾醇中菜油甾醇和豆甾醇的含量分别为163.80~251.23 mg/g和134.89~235.04 mg/g,远高于木甾醇中的菜油甾醇和豆甾醇含量,而木甾醇中β-谷甾醇含量为(685.10±7.55) mg/g,则明显高于β-谷甾醇在大豆甾醇中的含量。相对现有的高效液相方法,本方法实现了对混合甾醇中菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇3种甾醇单体的精确定量分析。     

气相色谱法分析不同产地辣木叶中植物甾醇的含量

目的研究西双版纳、韶关、安哥拉、印度和云南辣木叶中菜油甾醇、β谷甾醇和豆甾醇的含量差异。方法样品经50%氢氧化钾皂化后,用乙醚:正己烷(1:1,V:V)萃取游离甾醇并将溶剂蒸干,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:六甲基二硅氨烷:三甲基氯硅烷(8:2:1,V:V:V)将游离甾醇硅烷化,然后进行气相色谱分析,并分析各地辣木叶中菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β谷甾醇含量。结果β谷甾醇在韶关辣木叶中含量为20 mg/100 g左右,在西双版纳辣木叶中含量为40 mg/100 g,在安哥拉、印度和云南辣木叶中含量为30 mg/100 g左右;菜油甾醇在韶关辣木叶中含量为5~7 mg/100 g,在印度辣木叶中含量为8 mg/100 g,在西双版纳、安哥拉和云南辣木叶中均大于10mg/100 g;豆甾醇在各个辣木叶中含量为2~12 mg/100 g。结论西双版纳、云南、安哥拉、印度辣木叶中菜油甾醇、β谷甾醇含量明显高于韶关辣木叶,豆甾醇含量没有明显的地域差异。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the