2009年嘉兴市食源性病原菌监测分析

目的监测2009年嘉兴市食品中致病菌污染状况。方法共采集275份生熟食品样品,分离沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌。结果 75份生肉、水产品食源性病原菌总污染率45.3%,其中检出沙门菌6株,单核细胞增生李斯特菌12株,金黄色葡萄球菌4株,副溶血性弧菌18株。未检出大肠杆菌O157:H7。200份即食食品总污染率3.0%,以金黄色葡萄球菌污染为主。结论 2009年嘉兴市主要污染食品品种是冷藏冷冻生肉,污染的食源性致病菌以单核细胞增生李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌为主。     

广东省江门市区2004-2008年食源性致病菌的监测

目的了解江门市区2004-2008年食品中沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌及肠出血性大肠肝菌(EHEC)O157∶H7的污染状况,确定上述致病菌可能污染的高危食品,为食源性疾病监测提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法,并按《广东省食源性致病菌监测计划》检测技术要求,对采集的食品样本分别进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌及EHECO157∶H7分离、生化及血清学鉴定。结果从9类626份食品中,5年共检出致病菌54株,总检出率为8.63%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌3年检出14株,检出率最高为4.83%;其次为沙门菌5年检出23株,检出率为3.67%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌5年检出16株,检出率为2.56%;副溶血性弧菌5年中仅检出1株,检出率为0.16%;未检出EHECO157∶H7。以非定型包装熟肉、生肉类污染较为严重。结论应加强非定型包装熟肉和生肉类食品食源性致病菌污染的监测。     

2000-2005年广东省食品中食源性致病菌的监测与分析

为了解广东省食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况和污染水平。按国家监测网的工作手册进行了食源性致病菌的检测和菌密度测定,应用RiboPrinterMicrobial Characterization System检测分离菌株的基因指纹图谱,纸片法作药敏试验。在监测的10类2265份食品中,共分离出76株沙门菌、75株单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、161株副溶血性弧菌、2株空肠弯曲菌、2株O157∶H7大肠杆菌。5种食源性致病菌的检出率为13.95%。部分分离的菌株基因指纹图谱分析的结果是:58株沙门菌分属于22个血清型,25株单核细胞增生性李斯特菌分属于11个RP基因型,55株副溶血性弧菌分属于14个RP基因型。药敏试验结果显示,沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、O157∶H7大肠杆菌均有多重耐药株,单核细胞增生性李斯特菌对抗生素产生耐药性的比例较低。沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌阳性样品中的几何平均菌密度分别为265、96CFU/g和93MPN/100g。5种食源性致病菌对广东省食品的污染普遍存在。肉类食品和水产品的污染尤为严重,政府相关部门应尽快对畜牧养殖业抗生素的使用进行科学指导,并制定相关的法规进行监督和约束。     

GeXP多重聚合酶链式反应法检测5种常见食源性致病菌

目的建立一种基于GeXP(GenomeLab~(TM) eXpress Profiling)遗传分析系统的5种常见食源性致病菌检测的新技术。方法针对5种常见食源性致病菌(沙门菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、志贺菌和副溶血性弧菌)分别进行基因序列比对(invA、rfbE、PfrA、IpaH、tlh基因),设计特异性引物,建立并优化GeXP多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)体系,评价其特异性和灵敏性,并初步应用于未知菌株和人工污染样品的检测。结果 GeXP多重PCR法可实现在5 h内同时对5种常见食源性致病菌进行检测,且检测灵敏度可低至10~3 CFU/mL。多重体系中各引物对各目标菌有较强特异性,未检出其他非目标菌。结论本方法可有效提高检测效率,为食源性致病菌的快速高通量检测提供了参考思路。     

汕头市2005—2007年食源性致病菌监测

目的了解汕头市2005—2007年食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌（O157：H7）、副溶血性弧菌的污染情况。方法按“《广东省食源性致病菌监测计划》检测技术要求”的检验方法进行。结果在采集的237份食品样品中,共检出5份沙门菌、8份单核细胞增生性李斯特菌和13份副溶血性弧菌,检出率分别为2．50％、3．38％和32．50％。未检出肠出血性大肠杆菌（O157：H7）。以水产品和生肉食品食源性致病菌污染最为严重。结论应加强水产品和生肉食品食源性致病菌污染的监测。     

濮阳市部分食品中3种致病菌污染状况调查

为掌握河南省部分食品污染物的污染情况,对濮阳市部分食品中的沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、O157:H7大肠埃希菌进行污染状况调查.共采样4类261份,检出3种致病菌27株,沙门菌11株(4.2%),单核细胞增生李斯特菌9株(3.4%),O157:H7大肠埃希菌7株(2.7%).生肉类污染最严重,检出率17.3%;其次为生食蔬菜,检出率14.5%;散装熟肉和生牛奶检出率较低,分别为4.3%和3.6%.11株沙门菌血清分型为:肠炎沙门菌6株,阿贡纳沙门菌3株,德比沙门菌2株.7株O157:H7均为肠出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC).监测结果提示食品卫生工作者要提高对单增李斯特菌和O157:H77的认识,加强基层防疫站的监测能力,及时发现3种致病菌的血清型变迁和污染食品的种类变化,及时采取防治措施.     

实时荧光PCR在食源性致病菌监测中的应用研究

目的 建立沙门菌、志贺菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌5种致病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法,并在食源性致病菌监测工作中推广应用.方法 将菌株及样品经培养基增菌后,用热裂解法提取DNA,使用荧光定量PCR反应试剂盒,时该检测方法进行特异性验证,并在2006-2007年间,同时应用实时荧光PCR和传统方法对890份各类实际工作监测标本进行比较分析.结果 实时荧光PCR方法对19株不同种类标准菌株符合率为100%;对用传统方法检测分离到的5种食源性致病菌的符合率分别为:沙门菌96.61%,单核细胞增生李斯特菌92.30%,大肠埃希菌O157:H7、志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均为100%;对890份监测标本检测结果表明,实时荧光PCR法对食品及临床标本中食源性致病菌的检出率略高于传统培养法,差异无统计学意义,而实时荧光PCR法可在3～36 h内时目标样品作出结果判断.结论 实时荧光PCR方法成功应用于食源性致病菌的检测,具有快速、特异和灵敏的特点,可作为食物中毒等突发公共卫生事件处置和重大活动食品安全保障工作的有效技术支撑.     

农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况分析

目的了解农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为政府监管提供依据。方法共抽取430份农产品样品,监测项目为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、霍乱弧菌、志贺氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和诺如病毒。采用全自动基因指纹分析仪对分离到的部分沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌株进行核糖体基因指纹鉴定。结果农产品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,畜禽产品中检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌22株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌7株;水产品中检出霍乱弧菌7株;鲜食蔬菜中检出金黄色葡萄球菌11株,72%的金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素。全自动基因指纹分析仪的鉴定结果和国标方法完全一致。结论应重视农产品的源头污染,加强监控。全自动基因指纹分析仪可用于食源性致病菌的快速鉴定和溯源。     

2006-2008年北京市大兴区食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况

目的:了解北京市大兴区市售食品中食源性致病菌污染状况.方法:2006-2008年,采集大兴辖区內的10类食品,对沙门菌、大肠埃希菌0157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、空肠弯曲茼和副溶血性弧菌等6种食源性致病菌进行监测分析.结果:食源性致病菌检出率为11.96%(67/560).金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率最高(6.79%,38/560),其次为单核细胞增生李斯特菌(3.57%,20/560)和沙门菌(11.61%,9/560).560份食品中均未检出大肠埃希菌0157:H7、空肠弯曲菌和副溶血性弧菌.生牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高(30.67%,23/75),其次为生肉(15.29%,39/255)、鲜冻水产品(5.45%,3/55)和熟肉制品(2.67%,2/75).结论:大兴区市售食品中食源性致病菌污染较为普遍,生牛奶、生肉类、鲜冻水产品及散装熟肉制品可能是导致食源性疾病的高危食品.     

2004-2007年肇庆市食品中食源性致病菌监测与分析

目的了解肇庆市食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况和污染水平,初步确定高危食品的种类,为食源性疾病的监测提供科学的依据。方法按全国食品污染物监测网的工作手册,2004-2007年采集4个监测点的5大类食品(生肉、熟肉、水产品、生吃水产品和生吃蔬菜)共计325份,对沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7和副溶血性弧菌4种食源性致病菌进行监测分析。结果325份食品样品中,检出致病菌27株(8.31%)。其中沙门菌16株(4.92%),单核细胞增生李斯特菌10株(3.08%),大肠杆菌O157∶H7未检出,80份水产品中检出副溶血性弧菌1株(1.25%)。生肉的污染情况最为严重,检出率为11.35%,其次是熟肉,检出率为9.68%;水产品的检出率为5.45%,生食水产品的检出率为4.00%,生食蔬菜的检出率为2.56%。结论沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌对肇庆市食品的污染普遍存在。生肉、熟肉的污染尤为严重,是重要的高危食品。     

Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples

A multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples. DNA detection sensitivity for this method was 10(3) CFU/ml for each pathogen. When this protocol was used for the detection of each of the above pathogenic bacteria in spiked pork samples, 1 cell per 25 g of inoculated sample could be detected within 30 h. In the samples of naturally contaminated meat, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were detected over the same time period. Excellent agreement was obtained for the results of multiplex PCR and the conventional culture method, which suggests that the multiplex PCR is a reliable and useful method for rapid screening of meat products for Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 contamination.     

用寡核苷酸微阵列芯片方法检测常见的食源性致病微生物

研制了1种高通量检测食品中常见致病微生物的寡核苷酸微阵列芯片。该芯片在种的水平可鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌、肠出血性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、霍乱弧茵、空肠弯曲杆菌、大肠弯曲杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、乙型洛血型链球菌和副溶血性弧菌;在属的水平可鉴别弯曲肠杆菌属、沙门氏菌属和李斯特氏菌属。研究中利用16S rDNA和沙门氏菌、O157:H7和副溶血性弧菌的特异基因序列设计引物和探针。用参比菌株和实验室自分离的菌株检测该芯片的特异性,结果表明该芯片的特异性良好,在所检测的菌株之间无交叉反应,与同属的其他菌株之间也不存在交叉反应。在鲜活海产品的24 h增菌液中添加参比菌株,当样品增菌液中的目的菌的量达到10~6～10~7 CFU/mL时,芯片可以准确检测出目的菌。     

高分辨率溶解曲线检测9种食源性致病菌方法的建立

当今食源性疾病已成为一个全球关注的食品卫生问题,常见的细菌性食物中毒的病原菌有:致病性大肠杆菌(特别是出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7)、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、致病性弧菌(包括霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、空肠弯曲菌以及阪崎克罗诺杆菌等。单独检测一种致病菌已无法满足现今社会对同时高效检测多种致病菌的要求,为建立一种同时对上述9种食品中常见致病菌的检测方法,本研究分别以上述9种菌的特异性基因为靶基因,创新性地结合一对通用引物,建立能同时检测多种食源性致病菌的多重HRM-real time PCR检测体系。结果表明该多重HRM-real time PCR检测体系通过两管PCR反应可对上述9种食品中常见致病菌进行有效的检测与区分,且具有良好的特异性和灵敏度。     

Survey of retail alfalfa sprouts and mushrooms for the presence of Escherichia coil O157:H7, Salmonella,and Listeria with BAX,and evaluation of this polymerase chain reaction-based system with experimentally contaminated samples

BAX, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based pathogen detection system, was used to survey retail sprouts and mushrooms for contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. No Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the 202 mushroom and 206 alfalfa sprout samples screened. L. monocytogenes was detected in one sprout sample, and seven additional sprout samples tested positive for the genus Listeria. BAX also detected Listeria species in 17 of the mushroom samples. Only 6 of 850 PCR assays (0.7%) failed to amplify control DNA, and therefore reagent failures and the inhibition of PCR by plant compounds were rare. The sensitivity of the detection system was evaluated by assaying samples inoculated with 10 CFU of each of the pathogens. One hundred seventy-two alfalfa sprout samples were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, and two sets of 130 samples were experimentally contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. The frequency of detection depended on the protocols used for inoculation and culturing. Inoculation of samples with approximately 10 CFU from frozen stocks yielded detection rates of 87.5 and 94.5% for L. monocylogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively, in mushrooms. The corresponding rates for alfalfa sprouts were 94.5 and 76.3%. The E. coli O157:H7 detection rate was 100% for mushrooms but only 48.6% for sprouts when standard BAX culture protocols were used. The substitution of an overnight incubation in modified E. coli medium for the 3-h brain heart infusion incubation increased the rate of E. coli O157:H7 detection to 75% for experimentally contaminated sprouts. The detection rate was 100% when E. coli O157:H7 cells from a fresh overnight culture were used for the inoculation. Test sensitivity is therefore influenced by the type of produce involved and is probably related to the growth of pathogens in the resuscitation and enrichment media.     

卤鸭脖中优势腐败菌和致病菌的分离与鉴定

通过传统平板培养和16S rDNA扩增测序相结合的方法,对武汉某熟食企业鸭脖中优势腐败菌进行初步分析,为食品的保藏提供参考依据。结果表明卤鸭脖中的优势腐败菌主要为巴黎链球菌和大肠艾希氏菌。它们可能是造成鸭脖腐败的主要原因。采用选择性培养基富集培养后,提取DNA,进行PCR扩增,检测沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌,检出结果均为阴性。采用平板分离可检出肺炎克雷伯氏菌。     

多重PCR同时检测食品中4 种细菌与常见霉菌

建立一种同时检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7以及霉菌的多重聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）、沙门氏菌的侵袭正调节蛋白基因（hilA）、大肠杆菌O157:H7鞭毛基因（flic）、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的毒力调控蛋白基因（prfA）及霉菌18S?rRNA基因V5区分别设计5?对特异性引物,并对PCR扩增反应体系和扩增条件进行优化,确定获得特异性良好的PCR扩增产物。而后在37?℃对人工污染致病菌的香肠、面包和豆腐进行增菌培养,5?种致病微生物在20?h内的检出限均可达到100?CFU/25?g。本实验建立的多重PCR检测方法适用于食品中4?种细菌与常见霉菌的同时检测,相较于传统检测方法,具有快速、简便、特异性高的优点。     

Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh fruits and vegetables

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection system, BAX, was evaluated for its sensitivity in detecting Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria sp., and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh produce. Fifteen different types of produce (alfalfa sprouts, green peppers, parsley, white cabbage, radishes, onions, carrots, mushrooms, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, strawberries, cantaloupe, mango, apples, and oranges) were inoculated, in separate studies, with Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes down to the predicted level of 1 CFU per 25-g sample. Detection by BAX was compared to recovery of the inoculated bacteria by culture methods according to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). BAX was essentially as sensitive as the culture-based method in detecting Salmonella Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes and more sensitive than the culture-based method for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 on green pepper, carrot, radish, and sprout samples. Detection of the pathogenic bacteria in samples spiked with a predicted number of less than 10 CFU was possible for most produce samples, but both methods failed to detect L. monocytogenes on carrot samples and one of two mushroom and onion samples spiked with less than 100 CFU. Both BAX and the culture method were also unable to consistently recover low numbers of E. coli O157:H7 from alfalfa sprouts. The PCR method allowed detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes at least 2 days earlier than the conventional culture methods.     

2007年温州地区食源性致病菌污染调查分析

目的了解2007年温州地区食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、香港海鸥菌的污染状况,提高温州地区食源性疾病检测、预警和控制能力,有效地预防、预测食源性疾病的暴发。方法依据国家食源性疾病监测网2007年度工作手册进行。结果检测生鸡肉、生猪肉、生牛肉、生羊肉、散装熟肉制品、海水鱼、淡水鱼、冷菜等八大类,共检出各类病原菌74株。其中以金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为最高,检出20株,检出率达15.04%;其次为副溶血性弧菌,检出39株,检出率为9.75%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门菌分别检出9株和6株,检出率分别为3.77%和2.51%,未检出大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、香港海鸥菌。结论温州地区各类食品存在一定的食源性致病菌污染,其中冷菜、海水鱼、散装熟肉制品是主要污染品种。     

A novel multiplex PCR assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of five pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Rapid and sensitive detection techniques for foodborne pathogens are important to the food industry. However, traditional detection methods rely on bacterial culture in combination with biochemical tests, a process that typically takes 4 to 7 days to complete. Thus, this study was conducted to address the issue of time lag inherent in traditional methods by developing a novel PCR assay for each of five foodborne pathogenic bacteria. This new system consists of a simultaneous screening method using multiplex PCR in a single reaction tube for the rapid and sensitive detection of each of the five bacteria. Specific primers for multiplex PCR amplification of the Shiga-like toxin (verotoxin type II), femA (cytoplasmic protein), toxR (transmembrane DNA binding protein), iap (invasive associative protein), and invA (invasion protein A) genes were designed to allow simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively. To confirm the specificity of each primer pair for the respective target gene, three types of experiments were carried out using boiled cell lysates and their DNAs. In the multiplex PCR with mixed DNA samples, specific bands for corresponding genes were simultaneously detected from a single reaction. The detection of all five foodborne pathogenic bacteria could be completed in less than 24 h with this novel PCR method.     

环介导等温扩增法快速检测食源性致病菌

目的考察环介导等温扩增技术在食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用效果。方法待检样品按照GB4789系列标准进行前增菌后,提取核酸进行致病菌检测。结果食品中6种常见的致病菌:金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、单增李斯特菌、副溶血弧菌和大肠杆菌O157检测阳性符合率100%,阴性符合率100%,检出限介于3.0×10~3～1.1×10~4 CFU/25 g,前增菌时间最快5h,检测时间为2d。结论环介导等温扩增技术具有检出限低、特异性好、检测速度快等优点,能较好地满足进出口食品中致病菌快速检测的要求。