微细电解加工中空电极侧壁绝缘层的制备工艺研究

针对孔径100～200μm高深宽比微细孔电解加工中,电极侧壁绝缘层在电解液冲击和气泡撕裂中易损伤/脱落等问题,本文提出一种丙烯酸环氧树脂电泳法的中空电极侧壁绝缘制备工艺。通过优化工艺参数并开展加工实验,比较加工孔尺寸及形貌、加工后电极表面形态,结果表明丙烯酸环氧树脂电泳法制备的中空电极侧壁绝缘层,具有较高的致密性、均匀性、耐久性和一致性。最后,在500μm厚304不锈钢片上加工出入口180.6μm、出口173.8μm、深宽比约为3的微细阵列孔,其锥度比非侧壁绝缘电极加工的孔减少了约70%以上,基本为直孔,可满足实际需求,进而验证了本方法的应用可行性。     

双极性电泳法的微细中空电极侧壁绝缘层制备

针对孔径(100～200)μm高深宽比微细孔电解加工中,电极侧壁绝缘层在电解液冲击和气泡撕裂中易损伤/脱落等问题,提出一种基于丙烯酸环氧树脂双极性电泳法的微细中空电极侧壁绝缘制备工艺.通过工艺参数优化后,利用所制备的侧壁绝缘电极,开展加工对比实验,结果表明双极性电泳法所制备的侧壁绝缘层,具有较高的致密性、均匀性、耐久性...     

微热管内壁非连续微结构微细电解加工法及其实现

针对1μm～1mm的微热管内壁非连续微结构加工困难,加工工艺稳定性和定域性差等问题,提出了一种基于变截面多线螺旋电极微细电解加工微热管内壁非连续微结构的新方法。针对所提出的新方法,研制出了一种微细电解加工机床,通过对其机床本体及结构原理、控制系统、电解液系统三方面的全面设计实现了微热管内壁非连续微结构的电解加工成型。     

纳秒脉冲微细电化学加工的理论及试验

根据电化学反应原理,探讨纳秒脉冲电化学加工的特点及其实现微细加工的机理.建立纳秒脉冲微细电化学加工的理论模型,并分析电解液浓度、加工间隙、脉冲参数和加工电压等因素对微细电解加工的影响作用.构建微细电化学加工系统,包括微细加工机床、纳秒脉冲电源、电解液循环系统、运动控制部分和加工检测部分.试验研究了超短脉冲的电压幅值和脉冲宽度对侧面加工间隙的影响,结果表明减小脉冲宽度和降低加工电压可以提高微细电解加工的精度.在自制的微细电化学机床上,实现工具电极和工件微结构的连续加工.将加工间隙控制在5 μm以内,加工出中间有20 μm×30 μm×30 μm棱台的微型腔和30 μm槽宽的十字形孔,分析加工起始点对成形精度的影响,并提出解决方法.试验证明纳秒脉冲微细电解加工可以很好地满足微机电系统(Micro electromechanical system,MEMS)微器件的加工要求.     

高频窄脉冲微细电解加工实验研究

加工间隙是电解加工的核心工艺参数,利用在45钢薄片上打微细孔,通过实验分析来探索高频、窄脉冲微细电解加工中频率、电压和电解液浓度对加工间隙及电极截面和加工稳定性的影响规律。     

微细电解加工实验研究

采用基于电化学腐蚀法制作直径80μm、长度3000μm的微细电极,分别使用微细圆柱电极和微细螺旋电极进行了加工实验,实验研究丧明微细螺旋电极在孔和槽的加工中比微细圆柱电极具有更快的加工速度以及更小的加工间隙.螺旋结构在加工中有助于排出加工间隙内电解产物,显著地提高了加工效率、加工精度及加工过程的稳定性.     

微细孔电解加工控制方法及试验研究

基于微细电解加工的特点，介绍了一种微细电解加工系统。该系统能够将加工间隙控制到几微米到几十微米的范围内。根据电解加工以离子形式对材料去除的特性，进行微细电极、微细群电极的制备研究，并将其用于微细孔、群孔的加工中。试验分析了各工艺参数如电压、溶液浓度、加工间隙、进给速度等对微细孔电解加工精度的影响。结果表明，微细电解加工的侧面间隙随着加工电压的降低、溶液浓度的减小、脉宽变窄和初始加工间隙的减小而减小，改善了加工的定域性，加工精度得到提高。     

加工轨迹对薄壁件微结构电解铣削的影响北大核心

为改善难加工材料弹性合金3J21薄壁件微结构的成形加工质量和效率,进行了加工轨迹对薄壁件微结构的电解铣削加工的影响研究。首先利用拷贝式电解加工方法在线制备了阶梯轴式微细工具阴极,然后利用5种不同加工轨迹进行了150μm"150μm微型方孔的微细电解铣削加工对比实验,并优选出了最佳的加工轨迹。研究结果表明,利用"行铣+环铣"的加工轨迹进行微细电解铣削加工时微型方孔的加工质量更好,加工效率较高。     

基于线电极原位制作的微细电解线切割加工

微细电解线切割加工是一种微细加工新方法。从理论上分析了线电极直径大小对微细电解线切割加工精度的影响,提出了原位制作微米尺度线电极的方法,并制作出直径5μm的钨丝线电极。通过电解线切割加工试验,加工出缝宽为20μm左右的微型桨叶结构和曲率半径在1μm以下的微细尖角结构。     

金属微结构的电解铣削加工技术研究

随着微机电系统的发展,微细加工技术成为了当今世界的研究热点。对微细电解铣削加工技术进行了深入研究,在难加工材料镍基高温合金上进行了一系列微细电解铣削加工工艺试验。首先,基于微细电解铣削加工原理,自行研制了一套高精度微细电解铣削加工系统。其次,分组试验并分析了各主要参数,如铣削层厚度、加工电压、脉冲宽度、电极直径,以及电解液浓度等对形状精度和加工精度的影响规律。最后,通过优化加工参数,成功加工出了数个典型三维平面及曲面微结构,形状精度高,加工稳定性好,充分展现了微细电解铣削工艺在加工复杂金属微结构方面的巨大潜力。     

Micro ECM with ultrasonic vibrations using a semi-cylindrical tool

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for micro holes. However, electrochemical machining has rarely been employed in drilling these holes because of problems with electrolyte diffusion. In this research, a semi-cylindrical tool was used as a tool electrode to increase the flow space of the electrolyte, and electrolyte diffusion was improved via the application of ultrasonic vibrations. Micro holes with a specified diameter of 76 μm were drilled on a 304 stainless steel plate of 300μm thickness. The proposed technique reduced both the machining time and the machining gap.     

Research on ECM process of micro holes with internal features

Micro holes with internal features are widely used as spray holes and cooling holes nowadays, which are usually required to be with high aspect ratio and shape accuracy, as well as good surface quality. An electrochemical machining (ECM) process is presented to machine these micro holes with diameter <200 μm. A quantitative relation between micro-hole diameter and machining parameters including voltage, duty ratio and feedrate is obtained through orthogonal experiments. According to the designed shape of internal features, change rules of machining parameters for varied diameters in different depth are obtained, and then micro holes with internal features are shaped precisely. Taking reverse tapered hole as an example, ECM experiments by varying parameters of voltage, duty ratio and feedrate (called varying voltage machining, varying duty ratio machining and varying feedrate machining, respectively) are carried out. Micro holes with inlet diameter of 178 μm and taper angle of 1.05° are shaped on a 1.0 mm-thick workpiece of 18CrNi8. The deviation of inlet is <3 μm and the taper-angle error is <0.1° in varying voltage machining. The corresponding dimensional accuracy of taper angle is improved by 51% than that of varying duty ratio machining under the same efficiency. The machining efficiency of varying voltage machining is increased by 36% compared to the efficiency in varying feedrate machining. In addition, the micro holes with complex features of funnel shape and bamboo shape are machined.     

Micro wire electrochemical machining with an axial electrolyte flow

Micro wire electrochemical machining is a useful technique to produce high-aspect-ratio slit micro-structures. To improve processing stability, the axial electrolyte flow is adopted to renew electrolytes in the machining gap. A wire electrochemical micro-machining system with an axial electrolyte flow unit is developed. A mathematical model of tool feed rate is presented. To investigate the influence of electrolyte flow on processing stability and machining efficiency, comparative experiments were carried out. The influence of applied voltage and electrolyte concentration on machining accuracy is studied and the parameters such as electrolyte flow rate and applied voltage are optimized. Low initial machining gap is applied to decrease the stray current machining in the initial machining period. With the optimal parameters, the high-aspect-ratio micro spline and curved flow channel with the slit width of 160?μm have been fabricated on 5-mm-thick stainless steel (0Cr18Ni9). The width of the slit is uniform and the aspect ratio is 31.     

振动进给对微尺度群缝电解加工过程的影响

为精确控制振动进给运动,研制了多参数可调的电解加工振动进给装置系统。通过对工具阴极振动进给方式对电解加工间隙内电解产物排出、电解液流场稳定性影响的分析,以剃须刀网罩上的微尺度阵列群缝的电解加工为研究对象开展了系列工艺试验,研究了振动进给的运动参数对微尺度群缝的平均缝宽、侧壁锥度的影响,据此优选了工艺参数,并成功批量加工出了缝宽为0.26mm、侧壁锥度小于5%的微尺度阵列群缝。试验结果证明,振动进给能够有效提高微尺度群缝的电解加工精度和加工过程稳定性。     

Recent developments and research challenges in electrochemical micromachining (µECM)

Electrochemical machining (ECM) and especially electrochemical micromachining (μECM) became an attractive area of research due to the fact that this process does not create any defective layer after machining and that there is a growing demand for better surface integrity on different micro-applications such as microfluidics systems and stress free drilled holes in automotive and aerospace manufacturing with complex shapes. Electrochemical machining is a non-conventional machining process based on the phenomenon of electrolysis. This process requires maintaining a small gap (size of a few μm)—the inter-electrode gap—between the anode (workpiece) and the cathode (tool electrode) in order to achieve acceptable machining results (i.e. accuracy, high aspect ratio with appropriate material removal rate and efficiency). This paper presents different problematic areas of electrochemical micromachining (often referred to as electrochemical micromachining or μECM). The aim of this paper is to address the problems met by the μECM technology developers and to present the current state-of-the-art solutions.     

窄缝精密电解加工的实验研究

通过在理论上分析窄缝电解加工中片状电极和丝状电极对加工间隙和流场分布的影响,提出了采用小直径丝状电极提高加工精度和改善加工稳定性的方法。文中分别进行了片状电极和丝状电极之间、不同直径丝状电极之间的窄缝电解加工对比试验。结果表明,小直径丝状电极可以减小电解液流过电极丝产生的涡流死水区,改善加工区内的电解液更新和电解产物的排除,提高加工精度和加工过程的稳定性。     

磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工技术

微机电系统(Micro electromechanical systems,MEMS)的快速发展与产品微型化的发展趋势对微细结构表面(包括微孔、微槽和微棱柱/锥等)的加工质量提出了更高的要求,为了提高微细结构表面的加工质量,提出一种磨粒辅助放电加工(Electrodischarge machining,EDM)与电化学加工(Electro chemical machining,ECM)复合加工新方法,通过建立微加工模型分析了该方法的加工机理,搭建了微加工试验平台,并进行了工艺参数优化研究,采用直径500μm和75μm的钨电极在SUS 304不锈钢上分别进行了微盲孔和微通孔加工试验研究,结果表明,在所用的EDM、EDM与ECM复合加工和磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工三种方法中,磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工方法获得的表面粗糙度(Ra15 nm)最高,因此该方法是微细结构表面高效和高质量加工的最佳方法之一。     

Vibration assisted wire electrochemical micro machining of array micro tools

Micro structures and components are widely used in modern industries, and micro machining has therefore become a popular research topic. As micro tools are essential in micro machining, wire electrochemical micro machining is introduced in the fabrication of micro tools in this paper, and micro square column tool arrays are fabricated using wire cathodes by two steps. In order to improve the machining efficiency and quality, an electrode vibration technique is used, and the effects of bubble behaviour on slit width homogeneity and edge radius are studied through simulations of the electric field. The influences of various machining parameters such as vibration conditions, electrical properties, electrolyte concentration and feedrate on the standard deviation of the slit width and on the value of the edge radius are investigated. In addition, the micro dimple array is fabricated using electrochemical micro machining by employing the micro square column tool array as the cathode.     

Micro electro discharge machine with an inchworm type of micro feed mechanism

A micro electro discharge machine with an inchworm type of micro feed mechanism has been developed. The prototype of micro electro discharge machine is comprised of a wire electro discharge grinding unit, a rotating unit of electrode, RC circuitry for micro electro discharge generation and a subsystem detecting and controlling machining process, in addition to the inchworm mechanism. In the design of the inchworm mechanism, a novel clamp mechanism with force magnifying structure is devised to increase its thrust capability and a pair of guide sleeves together with the clamps are used to decrease yawing error. The inchworm mechanism prototype has 60 mm stroke only limited by the length of the shaft, less than 2 μm yawing error and reaches to 30N output thrust force. The machining experiments carried out on the micro EDM prototype are also described. The techniques to machine micro electrode, micro holes with high aspect ratio, micro structures on stainless steel and silicon materials are discussed. Micro electrode diameter as small as 25 μm and micro holes with minimum size of less than 50 μm are obtained. And the maximum aspect ratios of micro electrodes and micro holes exceed 20 and 10 respectively.     

旋转超声电解复合加工小孔流场仿真

为解决电解加工深小孔中电解液难以进入加工区和电解产物难以排出的问题,构建了内喷式旋转超声电解复合加工装置,进行了电解加工、旋转电解加工和旋转超声电解复合加工小孔的对比试验。试验结果表明,阴极旋转能明显提高孔的圆度,旋转超声电解复合加工具有最大的平均加工电流,所加工孔的直径、深度都为三者中最大,表明其材料去除率是最大的。在此基础上,利用有限元ANSYS CFX软件,建立了气液两相流三维气穴模型,分析了阴极旋转和阴极高频振动对电解加工流场、电场的影响。仿真结果表明：阴极旋转使得气泡在阴极表面聚集,不利于气泡的排出,阴极振动加速了电解液的运动,有利于气泡的排出,因此具有最大的材料去除率。