尼龙废水深度处理中水补充循环水存在问题及对策

河南神马尼龙化工公司是国内最大的尼龙化工产业基地,生产用原水量大,废水排放量多,公司决定对生产废水进行深度处理为中水用于循环水补水。按照中水水质国标的要求,制定中水回用方案。实施表明,中水回用可大幅降低企业生产成本,具有开源节流减少污染的双重功效。     

反渗透+离子交换工艺在中水回用项目中的应用实践

以兖矿峄山化工有限公司中水回用项目为研究对象,介绍了反渗透+离子交换组合式处理工艺在该公司的具体应用情况,对化肥行业终端污水处理与回用的工程实践进行了分析与总结。     

尼龙 6聚合中几种浓缩液直接回用工艺的对比

对比了国外公司的不同尼龙 6浓缩液直接在己内酰胺聚合中回用的工艺特点 ,国内引进装置采用该工艺的情况及应注意的问题。提出保持聚合进料组成稳定和防止浓缩液析出是成功地采用浓缩液直接在尼龙 6聚合中回用工艺的关键     

尼龙66盐生产过程中水的重复利用

介绍了河南神马尼龙化工公司的节水经验。该公司根据各种生产用水的水质要求,采取一系列的技术改造和不同的处理措施,将尼龙66盐生产过程中排放的诸如循环水系统排污水、换热冷却后排水、生化处理后废水等各种生产废水分别回收并重复利用,节约了生产用水,减少了废水排放,取得了良好的经济效益;同时针对其他尚未回用的废水．就如何重复利用又提出了一些新的设想。     

电石法PVC含汞废水处理装置运行总结

介绍了湖北宜化化工股份有限公司采用"化学沉淀+离子交换"法对电石法PVC含汞废水处理的工艺流程,并对含汞废水处理装置调试过程中出现的问题进行了优化改进。处理后出水含汞质量浓度小于0.002 mg/L,废水全部回用,水处理成本35.2元/m~3。     

劣质煤利用项目中水回用装置调试与运行总结

为提高水的重复使用率,降低消耗,实现水资源的高效利用,山西中煤平朔能源化工有限公司劣质煤综合利用项目建设有中水回用装置,采用"机械澄清池+多介质过滤器+超滤+反渗透脱盐"工艺。简介中水回用装置的设计水质指标、工艺流程及主要构筑物和设备配置,详细介绍中水回用装置的调试及运行情况。运行实践表明:中煤平朔能化中水回用装置工艺选择合理,整体运行平稳,产水量较稳定,产水水质能够满足《污水再生利用工程设计规范》(GB/T 50335—2002)的要求;但由于系统设计进水未考虑污水产水,实际运行中工艺调整难度较大,现场操作、指标控制等方面尚需优化与完善。     

钢厂综合废水处理回用工程实例

以某钢厂综合废水的处理回用工程为例,介绍了"隔油+高密度沉淀池+V型滤池+超滤+反渗透"回用处理工艺特点、设计参数、处理效果及运行成本等,经过处理出水水质可以达到钢厂的用水水质标准。工程运行实践表明,该系统运行稳定、出水水质好,每年可节约资金1 926万元,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。     

机械加工生产废水处理回用工程实例

以某机械加工生产废水的处理回用工程为例,介绍了"隔油+气浮+水解酸化+生物接触氧化+MBR"回用处理工艺特点、设计参数、处理效果及运行成本等,经过处理出水水质可以达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920—2002)要求。工程运行实践表明:该系统运行稳定、出水水质好,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。     

压裂返排液回用技术的研究与应用

根据前期压裂液配制中干扰因素的实验结果,在压裂液常规预处理方案的基础上,去除Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、悬浮物等干扰因素的影响,得到压裂返排液回用技术方案,即"混凝剂A+沉降剂B+钙镁离子去除剂C+铁离子去除剂D+活性炭吸附+精细过滤"的组合处理方案。压裂返排液经该回用处理方案处理后,所配置压裂液的黏度能够达到SY/T 6376-2008中的相关要求,可为压裂返排液回用技术的推广与应用提供技术支撑。     

节能减排技改方案及技改效果

介绍了蒸汽冷凝水余热回用、蒸汽余压利用、高温氯气余热回用、精馏尾气中乙炔和氯乙烯回用、电石渣浆中乙炔回用、电动机变频节能的技术改造方案,该方案在贵州金宏化工有限责任公司实施后,节能减排效果显著、潜力巨大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。