预处理-UASB-A/O-高级氧化工艺处理制药废水实例

介绍了河南某生物技术有限公司采用"预处理-上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-A/O-高级氧化"工艺处理制药废水的工程实例。实际运行数据表明,该工艺处理效率高,运行稳定,经济可行。当调节池综合进水COD≤3 g/L,BOD_5≤1.5 g/L,SS、NH_3-N的质量浓度分别≤210、≤60 mg/L时,滤池出水COD≤90 mg/L,BOD_5≤16.2 mg/L,SS、NH_3-N的质量浓度分别≤27、≤7.2 mg/L,出水水质达到GB 21904-2008表2的排放标准。     

悬浮污泥过滤工艺在油田污水深度处理中的应用

对大庆油田石英砂过滤器结构进行改造,并应用悬浮污泥过滤技术对油田污水进行了深度处理,试验取得了良好的处理效果.改造后的石英砂过滤器在进水悬浮物质量浓度为40～63 mg/L时,出水悬浮物质量浓度小于10 mg/L,平均去除率为81.8%,比改造前提高了33.3%;在进水油质量浓度为79～119 mg/L时,出水油质量浓度小于10 mg/L,平均去除率为92.9%,比改造前提高了21.2%.通过悬浮污泥过滤工艺处理后,出水悬浮物质量浓度小于2 mg/L,出水油质量浓度小于3 mg/L,滤出水悬浮物去除率达到96.4%,油去除率达到97.0%,水质均达到油田回注水标准.     

电子厂电镀废水反渗透含镍浓水处理工程实例

采用混凝沉淀+石英砂过滤+活性炭过滤+超滤+离子交换树脂工艺处理江苏某电子厂反渗透处理电镀废水后产生的含镍浓水。实现了99%以上的镍离子净化效率,出水的CODCr≤250 mg/L,总镍≤0.2 mg/L,氨氮≤35 mg/L,悬浮物≤60 mg/L,总磷≤8 mg/L,达到当地污水处理厂的接管排放标准。     

聚合物驱油田采出水处理工艺新技术

在传统油田采出水处理工艺技术的基础上,设计了创新工艺,增加了预处理工艺流程和处理设备,将水力旋流配合速沉器的工艺作为精细过滤的前处理工艺,其工艺流程为:来水→水力旋流除油→速沉器→精细过滤→出水。经该工艺处理后,出水含油质量浓度平均为1.34 mg/L,出水悬浮物固体质量浓度为3.77 mg/L,粒径中值达1.419μm,含油量达标率100%,悬浮物达标率100%。     

油田采出水回用处理试验研究

采用"生物接触氧化-微滤-超滤-反渗透"作为油田采出水处理工艺,试验考察了处理工艺对降低污水石油类物质、TOC、浊度、脱盐率、粒径、悬浮物等指标的效果。结果表明,当HRT为6～8 h时,生化出水石油类物质、TOC的质量浓度分别由处理前的5～15 mg/L和45～55 mg/L下降到处理后的0.6～0.8 mg/L和18～20 mg/L;生化出水再经微滤-超滤工艺处理后,出水石油类物质的质量浓度小于0.3 mg/L,浊度小于0.15 NTU,污染指数小于3.0,悬浮物粒径D50小于1.0μm,悬浮物的质量浓度小于1.0 mg/L。超滤出水水质不仅达到SY/T 5329-2012的A1级标准,而且达到反渗透进水要求;反渗透脱盐率98%以上,可满足SY/T 0097-2000规定的给水水质条件。     

不锈钢卷轧机浊环水处理工程设计

介绍某钢铁公司不锈钢炉卷轧机工程浊循环水处理的工艺设计.通过方案比较,选择采用旋流沉淀池-化学除油-变间隙自清洗过滤器处理工艺,在进水悬浮物、油的质量浓度分别为500～700、20～50 mg/L时,经处理后出水悬浮物油的质量浓度分别为50、5mg/L以下,满足了工艺要求.该工艺在不锈钢热轧浊环水处理系统中起到了关键作用.     

大庆油田采出水回注处理工艺技术的创新及应用

在原有油田采出水处理工艺技术的基础上,设计并构建了新的采出水处理工艺,该工艺应用了先进的高效衡压浅层气浮技术和中空超滤膜技术,工艺流程为:来水→除硫装置→衡压浅层气浮→海滤石过滤→双膨胀精细过滤→中空超滤膜→出水.工艺出水中含油量为痕迹、悬浮物固体含量平均值为0.32mg/L、悬浮物粒径中值平均值为0.82μm,达到了特低渗透油田回注水的"5.1.1"(含油量≤5mg/L、悬浮物固体含量≤1mg/L、悬浮物粒径中值≤1μm)标准.     

高浓度矿井水的处理方案与实践

在采煤过程中，会涌出一定量的矿井水，经煤水分离后的矿井水所含煤泥悬浮物浓度较高，要进一步处理才能外排或利用。针对高庄矿矿井煤泥水的特性，采用了高效浓缩机一次处理、迷宫式斜板沉淀池二次处理、压滤机回收煤泥的矿井水处理方案，出水悬浮物质量浓度降至70mg／L以下，符合国家一级排放标准。文中介绍了该处理工艺方案及实践效果。     

低渗透油田采出水处理系统的技术改造

针对某油田低渗透复杂断块油藏回注水水质要求,以及采出水处理后水质不稳定,悬浮物超标等问题,依据"水质改性-吸附絮凝"理论,提出在"p H调整-混凝-絮凝"药剂体系基础上复配离子调整剂及水质稳定剂,并对工艺进行优化。结果表明,采用质量浓度分别为45 mg/L的离子调整剂、50 mg/L的p H调整剂、120 mg/L的絮凝剂、140 mg/L的水质稳定剂、4.0 mg/L的助凝剂的配方,可使悬浮物及含油量稳定控制在规定范围之内,最大限度满足了该油田的注水水质要求。     

高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水处理工程实例

针对某磨料磨具厂酚醛树脂生产废水的高酚醛水质特点,采用Fenton—混凝沉淀—生物接触氧化工艺对废水进行处理。实际运行结果表明,在进水平均COD≤10 000 mg/L,甲醛≤1 200 mg/L时,出水COD≤110 mg/L,甲醛≤0.1 mg/L,出水水质达到《水污染物排放限值》(DB 44/26—2001)二级排放标准。工程实践证明,该工艺处理效果良好、出水水质稳定。     

活性炭表面改性对水溶液中汞离子吸附行为的影响

活性炭的表面化学性质对重金属的吸附性能具有较大的影响,采用椰壳活性炭为原料,研究了不同的处理方法对活性炭表面性质的影响及活性炭的处理方法对水溶液中汞离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,经过氢气处理的活性炭表面以碱性基团为主,对汞离子的吸附能力最强,经过液相氧化处理的活性炭表面以酸性基团为主,对汞离子的吸附能力降低。采用Freundlich吸附模型比Langmuir吸附模型更能有效模拟活性炭对水溶液中汞离子的吸附行为,表面呈碱性的活性炭更有利于水溶液中汞离子的吸附。为工业废水中重金属离子去除的高效吸附剂的开发提供参考。     

核桃壳对二价锰离子(Mn2+)的吸附性能

核桃壳表面多微孔,具有很大的比表面积,吸附效果良好的特点。通过静态吸附试验研究其对Mn2+的去除效果。分别考察了吸附反应时间、pH、原水Mn2+质量浓度、吸附剂投加量对核桃壳除锰效果的影响。结果表明在吸附时间为90 min、原水pH为6.5、Mn2+质量浓度为2.0 mg/L、核桃壳投加量为15 g/L时,核桃壳对Mn2+的吸附效果最好,去除率达到约100%,其对Mn2+吸附规律较好地满足Freundich吸附等温式。     

酸化-预热处理方法解离去除高浓度络合态铬

金属铬络合染料废水中的铬Cr(Ⅲ)与偶氮类有机配体结合,呈络合状态,结构非常稳定。采用常规的中和混凝法对黑色、黄色和橙色三种铬络合物的废水进行处理,均不能有效地去除铬。研究表明．温度和酸度是影响络合态铬离子热力学稳定性的主要因素。对于黄色或橙色铬络合物,将废水进行预热以提高处理温度,或加酸酸化,都会使络合态铬离子结构破坏;而对于黑色铬络合物,其结构更为稳定,必须酸化并同时提高处理温度．才能有效地破坏黑色铬络合物的结构,游离出的铬离子极易通过投加石灰乳中和沉淀去除。因此,通过酸化、预热、中和混凝等步骤,可将该类高浓度络合态铬离子完全解离并去除,处理后含铬质量浓度降至1．0mg／L以下,达到了重金属处理排放要求。     

蒸汽冷凝水回用过滤技术探讨

在对蒸汽锅炉冷凝水回用状况的市场调查和新型过滤器研制的基础上,提出了一种新的工艺组合--高温烧结陶瓷过滤和脉冲式气水复合反冲洗工艺,用于去除蒸汽冷凝水中的铁,以提高冷凝水的品质,并使之达到回用标准.通过采用该工艺,解决了普通过滤器处理蒸汽冷凝水中存在的反洗用水量大、滤料板结和滤料产生溶出物等问题.     

真空制盐两碱净化过程成垢离子的脱除及控制

通过研究卤水两碱法净化过程成垢离子(Ca2+,Mg2+和CO32-)的行为,揭示卤水净化成垢离子脱除与控制的基本规律.研究了"NaOH-Na2CO3"两碱用量对卤水中钙镁离子净化效果及精卤中残留碳酸根离子浓度的影响.研究结果表明,通过优化两碱用量,调控卤水pH值,可以在脱除钙镁离子的同时,实现碳酸根离子的高效利用,控制...     

Poly(4-sodium styrene sulfonate-co-4-acryloylmorpholine). Synthesis,Characterization, and Metal Ion Retention Properties

Abstract

A novel resin poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate-co-4-acryloyl morpholine) was synthesized through a radical solution polymerization in solution and studied as an adsorbent under uncompetitive and competitive conditions by batch and column equilibrium procedures for the following divalent metal ions Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II), and trivalent Cr(III). For all metal ions, the adsorption was strongly influenced by the pH. The maximum retention capacity, 3.29 mmol of metal ion/g, was obtained for Zn(II) at pH 5 by batch equilibrium procedure. For both the batch and column procedures, the retention behavior was similar for Cd(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), and Pb(II).     

Thiol-modified cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes for chromium (VI) and lead (II) adsorption

Oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNF), embedded in an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous scaffold, were grafted with cysteine to increase the adsorption capability for chromium (VI) and lead (II). Thiol-modified cellulose nanofibers (m-CNF) were characterized by titration, FT-IR, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and SEM techniques. Static and dynamic Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption studies of m-CNF nanofibrous composite membranes were carried out as a function of pH and of contact time. The results indicated these membranes exhibited high adsorption capacities for both Cr(VI) (87.5 mg/g) and Pb(II) (137.7 mg/g) due to the large surface area and high concentration of thiol groups (0.9 mmol of –SH/gram m-CNF). The morphology and property of m-CNF nanofibrous composite membranes was found to be stable, and they could be used and regenerated multiple times with high recovery efficiency.     

Removal of heavy metal ions by dithiocarbamate-anchored polymer/organosmectite composites

In this study, the dithiocarbamate-anchored polymer/organosmectite composites were prepared for the removal of heavy metal ions (lead, cadmium and chromium) from aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (50–750 ppm) and at different pH values (2.0–8.0). Initially, the modification of the natural smectite minerals was performed by treatment with quartamin styrene and chloromethylstyrene. Then, modified smectite nanocomposites were reacted with carbondisulfide, in order to incorporate dithiocarbamate functional groups into the nanolayer of organoclay. The dithiocarbamate-anchored nano-composites have been characterized by FTIR and used in the adsorption–desorption process. The maximum adsorptions of heavy metal ions onto the dithiocarbamate-anchored polymer/organosmectite composites from their solution was 170.7 mg g^− 1 for Pb(II); 82.2 mg g^− 1 for Cd(II) and 71.1 mg g^− 1 for Cr(III). Competition between heavy metal ions (in the case of adsorption from mixture) yielded adsorption capacities of 70.4 mg g^− 1 for Pb(II); 31.8 mg g^− 1 for Cd(II) and 20.3 mg g^− 1 for Cr(III). Desorption of the heavy metal ions from composite was studied in 0.5 M NaCl and very high desorption rates, greater than 93%, were achieved in all cases. Adsorption–desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repeated uses of this nanocomposite.     

Removal of heavy metal ions using the chelating polymers derived by the condensation of poly(3‐hydroxy‐4‐acetylphenyl methacrylate) with different diamines

A series of methacrylate‐based chelating polymers was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐acetylphenyl methacrylate with amines (e.g., ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, and phenylenediamine) in tetrahydrofuran. The chelating polymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C–NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The thermal stabilities of these polymers were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). Heavy metal ions [viz., Pb(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Cr(VI)] were removed with these chelating polymers, and metal ion uptake efficiency, reusability of the resins, and effects of pH and time on the metal removal were also studied. The chelating polymers possess appreciable selectivity for Pb(II) and Hg(II) compared with Cd(II) and Cr(VI). The chelating ability of the polymers towards the heavy metal ions is a sensitive function of the nature of the substituent on the nitrogen atom. The amount of metal uptake by the chelating polymer was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 414–421, 2003