蓝宝石谐振体与其回音壁模

本文采用模匹配方法(mode matching method)计算了单轴各向异性圆柱形介质谐振体的回音壁模频率.对一圆柱形蓝宝石单晶体谐振体的实验测量,验证了该模匹配方法能给出精确的回音壁模频率值.     

Dielectric resonator dual modes filter

In a shielded cylindrical dielectric resonator a number of degenerate modes with identical natural frequencies can be found. These degenerate modes can be coupled together to form coupled circuits by perturbating the geometrical configuration of the structure. The letter presents both TE01p mode resonant frequency perturbation by a tuning screw and a two modes dielectric filter using two perpendicularly polarised HE111 modes of the resonator.     

回音壁模高Q蓝宝石谐振器研究与设计

采用径向+轴向模式匹配法完成了蓝宝石回音壁的模式分析,包括高次回音壁模式谐振频率的计算和电磁场分布,并研究了回音壁模谐振器的金属腔体设计等关键问题。制作的高Q蓝宝石谐振器在10.99GHz处,有载Q值达到了45000、插入损耗小于9dB。谐振器性能指标优越,非常适合应用于低相位噪声振荡器设计中。     

A generalized equivalent circuit applied to a tunablesapphire-loaded superconducting cavity

A Langrangian technique is used to develop an equivalent circuit for a loop-coupled tunable sapphire-loaded superconducting cavity resonator (T-SLOSC) by considering separately the sapphire dielectric and the cavity. Interaction between modes during tuning is characterized by cross coupling components between equivalent mode circuits. Cross-coupling coefficients are defined with respect to the fields in the resonator and equivalent circuit components. Coupling between modal fields is shown to be predominantly reactive in the sapphire-loaded cavity, and can degrade a mode with Q>10⁸ by several orders of magnitude. Interactions between line resonances and T-SLOSC modes are observed to be predominantly resistive through the superconducting niobium probes. Cross-coupling coefficients between some interacting modes have been determined and the reflection coefficients modeled     

Cryogenic opened cavity sapphire resonator for ultra-stable oscillator

A new high-Q sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator is proposed to achieve ultra-high frequency stability. It is proposed to use the sapphire resonator without metallic walls to suppress spurious modes perturbating the main resonance. Providing the azimuthal order of the chosen whispering gallery mode is sufficiently high, Q-factors better than 2/spl times/10/sup 8/ have been observed, which turn out to be sufficient to reach a high frequency stability. A first oscillator prototype operating at 12 GHz shows a relative frequency instability of 3/spl times/10/sup -14/.     

Calculation of frequency and power characteristics of the composite metal-dielectric resonator using the method of partial regions

A new method for calculating the frequency and power characteristics of different modes of a microwave metal-dielectric resonator has been proposed. The results of measurements of experimental specimens are presented that are in good agreement with calculation results. The relationships of the frequency and power characteristics of a resonator as a function of its geometrical and electrophysical parameters were obtained by using the method of partial regions. A high sensitivity of the main mode resonant frequency to the thickness of air inhomogeneity was detected. In this case the introduction of inhomogeneity increases the resonator Q-factor. Thus, the proposed design can be used as a high-Q tunable resonator.     

Simple model for the mode-splitting effect in whispering-gallery-mode resonators

In this paper, we present a model describing the mode-splitting effect in a whispering-gallery (WG)-mode resonator. The WG mode is represented by an equivalent transmission-line ring resonator in which a localized perturbation is introduced. This perturbation induces a coupling between the two counter propagating waves, which, in turn, lifts the degeneracy of the WG modes. This simple model explains almost all the line shapes experimentally observed. It shows in a straightforward way how the coupling on the two twin modes are affected by changing the coupling probe and the perturbation angular positions. In that sense, it is useful to make the resonator adjustment easier. Moreover, the same approach can be used to simulate any microstrip ring resonator with localized perturbation.     

存在干扰模式时的微波谐振器Q值计算方法北大核心CSCD

谐振法测量介质介电常数时需要计算谐振器的无载Q值。当微波谐振器的工作模式受干扰模式影响时,会导致无载Q值的计算出现偏差。文章针对这种情况提出了一种存在干扰模式时计算微波谐振器无载Q值的迭代算法。该方法基于所提出的反向叠加和同相叠加两种等效电路模型,以传输系数模值平方之差在所有频点的平方之和作为目标函数,采用尺度变换最速下降法进行迭代。将圆柱形金属谐振腔的高Q值TE011模作为工作模式、简并的低Q值TM111模作为干扰模式,通过仿真和实测对该方法进行了验证。实测结果表明,当干扰模式较强时,3 dB法计算的工作模式Q值偏离真值14%,而所提出的迭代法的计算结果偏离真值不到1%。     

Difference frequency technique to achieve frequency-temperaturecompensation in whispering-gallery sapphire resonator-oscillator

A new difference frequency technique to obtain frequency-temperature compensation using high quality anisotropic dielectric resonators is presented (patent pending). Compensation was demonstrated near room temperature by frequency locking two microwave oscillators to orthogonally polarised whispering-gallery modes in the same sapphire resonator     

双横模输出微片谐振腔双频频差调谐特性研究

双偏振激光谐振腔能够产生两个垂直偏振的横模模式, 分别为基横模(TEM₀₀)和具有轨道角动量的涡旋光束(LG₀₁), 二者在光频率上具有频差。为了研究两个横模的频率差调谐特性, 采用温度与电压相结合的调谐技术方法, 实现拍频信号在不同频率范围的连续调谐。理论计算分析了两模式频差分别与温度和电压的对应关系, 实验实现了频差的大范围可调谐性, 并对频差的调谐精度进行了测量分析。结果表明, 频差与温度和电压之间都呈现出良好的线性关系, 并得到对温度和电压的调谐斜率分别为3.14GHz/K和1.76MHz/V。该研究能够更好地分析双偏振谐振腔直接产生涡旋光束现象, 并在激光通信和激光雷达探测等技术领域具有应用价值。     

Split frequencies in planar axisymmetric gyroelectric resonators

Axisymmetric gyroelectric disk, ring, and composite resonator structures have been characterized for both InSb and GaAs semiconductors at 77 K. The calculations assume that these materials can be represented by the tensor permittivity derived from the Drude model of cyclotron motion in a plasma. Resonance and loss regions are identified and the sensitivity of normal mode splitting and onset frequencies to material and geometrical variables are graphed and tabulated. The information is presented in terms of signal frequency and the bias field to permit a direct comparison with results from ferrimagnetic structures. Semiconductor calculations show two extraordinary wave resonances and predict excellent symmetrical wide-band normal mode splitting. Field plots for the semiconductor disk and ring are included to explain coupled mode behaviour between modes in different bias regions     

多注速调管TM310 模光子晶体谐振腔研究

研究了适用于多注速调管的TM₃₁₀ 模光子晶体谐振腔,发现在此类谐振腔的缺陷中心放置单层光子晶体结构能抑制与主模临近的杂模。进一步研究发现,为了易于工程实现,在不采用光子晶体谐振腔的前提下,在谐振腔中放置单层光子晶体结构,亦能抑制与主模临近的杂模,并能增大主模与非工作模式的频率间隔。利用HFSS 软件对X 波段此类谐振腔进行了模拟计算,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Resonant modes in shielded uniaxial-anisotropic dielectric rodresonators

Rigorous field analysis by the mode-matching method is presented for dielectric rod resonators, including such uniaxial dielectrics as sapphire, which are placed between two parallel conducting plates or in a conducting cavity. The wave equations for E_Z and H_Z in a uniaxial anisotropic dielectric medium are derived in a cylindrical coordinate system. Based on these wave equations, the characteristic equations for the two resonator structures are derived and can be used to calculate the resonant frequencies of any resonant mode. Cutoff conditions of the resonant modes are discussed for parallel-plate-type resonators. Resonant frequencies of some lower order modes are calculated for both types of resonator. Mode charts useful for designing the resonators are presented. It is verified that the mode-matching method used commonly for the analysis of isotropic-dielectric resonators can be applied successfully to uniaxial-dielectric resonators     

ZnO/蓝宝石结构声表面波滤波器试验研究

该文从理论上计算得到了ZnO(a面)/蓝宝石(r面)结构的声表面波相速度和机电耦合系数色散曲线。依据该色散曲线设计了ZnO(a面)/蓝宝石(r面)结构声表面波滤波器。采用在蓝宝石衬底上先制备ZnO薄膜然后再制作芯片结构的方案研制出了声表面波器件样品。研制过程中生长出了a面结构的ZnO薄膜,其中厚膜样品测试得到了3种声波模式,即模式0、1及2,模式0、1和2的频率分别为1 073.79 MHz,1 290.63 MHz和1 572.3 MHz,因此,间接测得了模式0、1和2的相速度分别为3 865.67m/s,4 646.25m/s和5 660.27m/s。     

Transmission Distortion in Multimode Random Waveguides

We consider the coupled line equations for two-mode random media in which both modes travel in the same (forward) direction as a model for multimode millimeter waveguides and optical fibers, in which mode conversion at imperfections occurs primarily in the forward direction. Some exact general properties satisfied by the transfer function and the impulse response of such a system are given for an arbitrary coupling coefficient. A random stationary coupling coefficient with statistically independent successive values, and consequently a white spectrum (e.g., a white Gaussian or a Poisson noise), permits exact determination of transmission statistics; we obtain first- and second-order statistics in the time and frequency domains. No perturbation or other approximations are made in any of the above results, which are obtained directly from the coupled line equations. These results are used to study signal distortion in long guides. By straightforward extension of this work more complicated calculations can treat more forward modes, but not backward modes or nonwhite coupling coefficient spectra. In this paper the coupling coefficient is assumed frequency independent, and under certain conditions the signal distortion decreases as the mode conversion increases. In practical cases the coupling coefficients are frequency dependent and the above behavior is modified; the present work is extended to this important case in a companion paper.     

ZnO/蓝宝石结构声表面波滤波器试验研究

该文从理论上计算得到了ZnO(a面)/蓝宝石(r面)结构的声表面波相速度和机电耦合系数色散曲线。依据该色散曲线设计了ZnO(a面)/蓝宝石(r面)结构声表面波滤波器。采用在蓝宝石衬底上先制备ZnO薄膜然后再制作芯片结构的方案研制出了声表面波器件样品。研制过程中生长出了a面结构的ZnO薄膜,其中厚膜样品测试得到了3种声波模式,即模式0、1及2,模式0、1和2的频率分别为1 073.79 MHz,1 290.63 MHz和1 572.3 MHz, 因此,间接测得了模式0、1和2的相速度分别为3 865.67 m/s, 4 646.25 m/s和5 660.27 m/s。     

Enhanced Spectral Mode Selection in an Aspheric Extended-Cavity Resonator

Strong spectral-mode-selection behavior has been observed in a three-mirror solid-state resonator that was constructed by colinearly aligning an aspheric feedback mirror with a standing-wave two-mirror resonator. This spectral mode selection is measured to be much stronger than that predicted by the frequency selection theory of simple Fabry-Perot cavities. Our study shows that the spatial modes and their associated eigenvalues vary at different oscillation wavelengths in a complex extended-cavity resonator. It is the interplay between spatial modes and spectral modes that induces the strong spectral-mode selection     

Characteristics and kinetics of laser-pumped Ti:sapphireoscillators

The experimental performance of a gain-switched Ti:sapphire laser oscillator pumped by a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system is presented for a variety of operating conditions. A theoretical model developed for this oscillator predicts well its performance. The observed curved input-output energy plots for the oscillator result from the kinetics of gain switching and fluorescence decay during the gain buildup period. Fluorescence decay also produces observed oscillator thresholds higher than those normally predicted by the standard gain-equals-loss condition. Gain-switched parasitic modes, with a higher threshold but shorter round-trip time than the resonator mode, cause the resonator mode to oscillate only over a finite range of pump energies. Spectroscopic investigations show that the Ti:sapphire cross-section spectrum is well fit by a Poisson distribution, giving a peak cross section of 3×10^-19 cm² for the π polarization     

Modeling of cylindrical dielectric resonators in rectangularwaveguides and cavities

The mode matching method is used to accurately model a generalized cylindrical dielectric resonator structure in a rectangular waveguide or cavity. The field distributions of different modes in cavities are given. The resonant frequencies of the cavities are calculated and compared to the measured data, showing very good agreement. The resonator structure can be a dielectric disk resonator, a ring resonator, a dielectric resonator with support, etc. This structure can be used in filter design as the basic element, providing very good mechanical stability. The slot coupling between cavities is also analyzed, showing some interesting results