基于近邻传播聚类的多扩展目标量测集划分算法

针对杂波环境下多扩展目标量测集难以划分,且时间代价高的问题,该文引入近邻传播聚类技术,提出一种新的多扩展目标量测集划分算法.该算法先采用密度分析技术对量测集进行预处理,滤除部分杂波量测,然后引入近邻传播聚类技术,通过量测间的相互竞争,初步确定扩展目标的数目和质心位置,然后通过扩展目标PHD滤波方法估计目标数目和状态.该方法可有效避免量测集聚类过程中扩展目标质心初始化的干扰,能够准确地划分杂波环境下多扩展目标量测集.与传统的距离划分,K-means++划分方法相比,所提算法能够自适应地确定目标数目,降低时间成本,提高多扩展目标的跟踪性能.      

基于空间线状分布模型的飞机尾流跟踪算法

飞机尾流的雷达检测和跟踪技术是航空安全等领域的重要研究课题.通常低门限检测会改善微弱尾流的检测性能,但高的虚警概率容易导致后续跟踪器失效.为了估计真实尾流航迹,提出基于空间线状分布模型的飞机尾流跟踪算法.首先,把整个尾流看作共同运动的线状目标,得到了量测似然函数与中心、倾角、长度等状态参数的关系表达式,克服了尾流量测数变化及密集多回波环境下进行数据关联的难题.然后,利用粒子滤波器估计了尾流的状态参数.仿真分析表明,该方法能在低门限检测条件下高精度地估计出尾流的状态参数.论文提出的跟踪算法对机场安全和空防系统中尾流回波识别具有理论指导意义.     

基于CFAR-DCRF红外遥感舰船单帧目标检测方法

针对红外舰船小目标图像复杂背景弱信号,虚警率较高且难以被精确检测的问题,提出了一种恒虚警率(Constant False-Alarm Rate,CFAR)-全连接条件随机场(Dense Conditional Random Fields,DCRF)舰船目标检测算法.该算法针对小目标与虚警信号变化特征相似但结构特征不同的特点,利用CRF的多维上下文(空间、辐射)表达的优势,实现虚警特征抑制,并引入CFAR对模型进行改进,提高了DCRF对于弱信号目标的检出能力,实现舰船小目标的精确检测与分割.实验结果表明,该算法能够充分利用海域的全局上下文信息,能够在保持较高检出率同时,有效降低虚警率,实现单帧端到端的小目标检测.     

基于形态匹配聚类的近邻扩展目标跟踪算法

针对传统扩展目标跟踪（Extended Target Tracking, ETT）算法在处理近邻目标时面临的计算效率低下和跟踪不准确的问题,提出了一种形态匹配聚类量测集划分与高斯逆威沙特概率假设密度（Gaussian Inverse Wishart Probability Hypothesis Density, GIW-PHD）滤波器相结合的跟踪处理方法。该方法首先由GIW-PHD滤波器得到预测的目标状态,其次使用DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, DBSCAN)算法完成量测集的初步划分,在此基础上利用较高权重的预测分量实现对多个近邻目标混合量测簇的判断,进而使用椭圆形状约束（Elliptic Shape Constraint, ESC）的FCM(Fuzzy C-Means, FCM)算法（ESC-FCM）对混合簇进行二次划分得到更精确的划分结果,最后将划分结果合并后送入GIW-PHD滤波器完成目标状态的更新。仿真结果表明,本文所提量测集划分方法能够充分利用GIW-PHD滤波器预测步获取...     

基于时－空过采样系统的点目标检测性能分析

为了提高扫描成像系统对于点目标的探测性能,提出了时-空过采样点目标探测体制,并对其进行了目标检测性能分析.首先,分析了单采样体制在点目标探测中易存在跨像元导致的目标能量分散问题,以及探测器随机高强度噪声及空间质子流尖峰信号导致的虚警问题;然后,提出了用于点目标扫描探测的时-空过采样体制.最后,基于图像信噪比对相同光学系统下单采样和时-空过采样系统的目标检测性能进行了比较分析.分析结果表明,通过采样方式能够实现目标能量集中到一个像元,保证了图像信噪比需求.通过高分辨率融合使得目标尺度大干噪声及尖峰的尺度,目标尺度最大扩展至3×3像元,基于目标空间相关的处理可以有效降低了虚警,提升系统检测性能.     

基于Duffing振子的机场异物自动判决算法

基于毫米波雷达的机场异物(FOD)检测技术具有高分辨率和低功耗的特点,但是传统恒虚警(CFAR)类检测算法在低信杂比(SCR)情况下虚警过高.该文提出一种基于Duffing振子的FOD检测算法.该算法首先利用杂波图CFAR检测算法将雷达接收机接收回波中的背景杂波初步分离,获得目标(包含虚警)的距离信息,并利用该信息构造Duffing方程,之后将此方程作为系统检测模型,输入接收回波信号,求解输出信号方差,采用方差极值法区分目标和虚警.仿真结果表明,在低信杂比情况下,即使虚警概率为10-3,该文检测算法也可以降低虚警率,实现目标与虚警的自动判决.与传统CFAR检测算法相比,该算法的检测概率高于传统检测算法且随信杂比的下降减小速度缓慢,即使在信杂比-30 dB的情况下所提算法仍然可以保持84％的检测概率.     

基于动态有序矩阵的外辐射源雷达CFAR算法

外辐射源雷达采用不可控的第三方辐射源,其电磁传播条件复杂,尤其是在低空目标探测中,检测性能极大地受到杂波特性的影响,使得传统恒虚警算法性能明显下降.为了改善检测性能,该文提出一种基于雷达杂波空间划分的动态有序矩阵恒虚警检测算法(DOM-CFAR).该算法将杂波空间从距离和多普勒维进行划分,构造为有序矩阵,再根据背景杂波变化进行动态极值替换、提取杂波估计中值用以计算检测阈值,从而使得检测算法阈值可动态适应杂波功率变化.仿真和实测结果表明,该算法可以在均匀杂波、多目标和杂波边缘等复杂情况下保持稳定的检测性能.     

贪婪的量测划分机制下的多传感器多机动目标跟踪算法

针对低检测概率下多机动目标的跟踪问题,该文提出一种新的交互式多传感器多目标多伯努利滤波器(IMM-MS-MeMBer).在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的预测阶段,该文利用当前的量测信息自适应地更新目标的模型概率,并利用更新后的模型概率对目标状态进行混合预测;在IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的更新阶段,使用贪婪的多传感器量测划分策略对多传感器量测进行划分,并利用得到的量测划分集合和IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器对目标的后验概率密度进行更新;除此之外,IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器能够利用目标的角度和多普勒量测信息同时实现多个机动目标的位置、速度估计.数值实验验证了该文所提IMM-MS-MeMBer滤波器的优越性能.     

基于时－空过采样系统的点目标检测性能分析

为了提高扫描成像系统对于点目标的探测性能,提出了时-空过采样点目标探测体制,并对其进行了目标检测性能分析。首先,分析了单采样体制在点目标探测中易存在跨像元导致的目标能量分散问题,以及探测器随机高强度噪声及空间质子流尖峰信号导致的虚警问题;然后,提出了用于点目标扫描探测的时-空过采样体制。最后,基于图像信噪比对相同光学系统下单采样和时-空过采样系统的目标检测性能进行了比较分析。分析结果表明,通过过采样方式能够实现目标能量集中到一个像元,保证了图像信噪比需求。通过高分辨率融合使得目标尺度大于噪声及尖峰的尺度,目标尺度最大扩展至3?3像元,基于目标空间相关的处理可以有效降低虚警,提升系统检测性能。     

一种改进的MRF点目标检测算法

针对复杂背景下点目标的单帧检测,明确提出有效像元的检测,基于点目标的局部相关性以及目标和背景的局部差异,提出了一种改进的基于马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)的点目标检测算法.该算法依据一种基于复杂背景可分性度量的信杂比(Signal to Clutter Ratio,SCR)准则对MRF进行迭代优化的初始配置.在此基础上,改进了MRF标记场的先验概率模型,设计了一种基于欧式空间度量的MRF先验概率能量函数,构造了MRF对欧式空间距离的标记场概率响应模型,并通过高阶能量函数提高了目标概率对邻域标记变化的响应能力.分析结果表明:该算法在结构化背景中的性能更优,相比于传统Potts模型在目标辐射维度的检测能力更强,是一种鲁棒性更强的检测算法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.