一种新型三自由度虚轴坐标测量机机构的误差建模与仿真

设计了一种新型三自由度虚轴坐标测量机机构,给出了其运动学正解模型,依据全微分理论,导出测头位置误差与结构参数误差及3个并联驱动杆长度误差之间的相互关系,从而建立起这种新型并联机构的误差模型;然后利用计算机仿真方法,验证了误差模型的准确性,分析了3个并联驱动杆长度变化以及结构参数误差变化对测头位置误差的影响,为该虚轴坐标测量机机构的加工制造及其误差补偿奠定了理论基础,该并联机构还可用于运动模拟器、并联机床等其它并联运动装备.     

一种新颖并联运动坐标测量机的误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联运动坐标测量机的运动学模型，依据全微分理论，导出测头位置误差与各运动副误差及移动副运动误差之间的相互关系，建立了该坐标测量机的误差模型。用计算机对所建误差模型进行了仿真，讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响，为运动校正和控制奠定了基础。     

六坐标位姿测量机的设计与研究

该测量机构由串联位置测量机构和并联姿态测量机构组成,具有较大的工作空间和较高的测量精度。机构中设置了一个冗余自由度和重力平衡装置,从而具有很好的灵活性。通过机构综合的方法,合理设计并联姿态测量机构,克服了并联机构正解的困难,使得姿态测量参数存在显式解,从而被测物体的六个坐标参数可以实时显示。由作图法得出机构工作空间。误差建模分析了机构的测量误差,并针对并联姿态测量机构测量误差最小作为目标函数优化了机构运动学设计参数。     

三自由度并联机构坐标测量机误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联机构坐标测量的运动反解模型,依据矩阵全微分理论,导出测头位姿态差与各运动副位置误差及调节器运动误差之间的相互关系,建立了新型坐标测量机的误差模型。通过计算机仿真,讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响,为实际误差的补偿写控制奠定了理论基础。     

一种新颖并联运动坐标测量机的误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联运动坐标测量机的运动学模型,依据全微分理论,导出测头位置误差与各运动副误差及移动副运动误差之间的相互关系,建立了该坐标测量机的误差模型。用计算机对所建误差模型进行了仿真,讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响,为运动校正和控制奠定了基础。     

3-HSS 并联机床运动学设计

提出以可以实现三平动自由度工联机构作为主进给机构,辅以回转工作台实现多坐标数控加工的并联机床结构配置方案,并据此简要阐述了一种三自由度并联机床的总体设计方案和相应的运动学设计方法。理论成果已用于样机开发。     

一种新型3-RPR并联机构及其运动学分析

提出了一种能实现沿Y、Z轴平移和绕X轴转动的3-RPR型三自由度并联机构,运用螺旋理论分析了该并联机构实现二维平移和一维转动的机构学原理,计算了机构自由度,进行了驱动输入选取与论证,并进行了奇异分析,提出了减少奇异的参数设计条件,运用多体系统运动学理论建立了运动学模型,研究了运动学正反求解,并进行了数值仿真验证,最后分析了机构的工作空间。该并联机构是一种支链完全相同的半对称并联机构,结构较为简单,是对2T1R并联机构的重要补充,可应用于工业装配机器人、姿态调节器、并联机床、工作台等领域。     

一种三滑块驱动平面并联手及其工作空间与位移特性分析

提出并设计一种简易实用三滑块在两个平行导轨上驱动的三自由度平面并联操作手,推导了该机构运动学正反解解析公式,分别分析了末端执行器在定位置和定姿态情况下的工作空间,仿真分析了定姿态时三滑块的运动规律及特性,并建立了三维模型。研究结果为该三自由度并联操作平台的实时控制及工业应用奠定了基础。     

精密视觉印刷设备的自标定

为了提高全自动视觉印刷设备的精度,提出了一种简易、有效标定基于三自由度平面并联调整台的视觉丝网印刷设备的算法。首先,分析和标定了视觉测量系统,并通过激光干涉仪验证了结果的准确性。然后,分析了三自由度平面并联调整台的几何参数误差;基于印刷设备自身的视觉测量系统,分步标定了并联平台的动平台坐标系、传动比误差和仅需的部分几何误差源。提出了一种满足全姿态且适应不同制程的三角形面姿态插值方法和纠偏调整算法,从而避免了较为复杂的几何全参数辨识,降低了对调试人员的技术要求。实验结果表明：在并联调整台工作空间内,标定后的最大位置误差从标定前的161.6 μm下降为12.3 μm,最大姿态误差从标定前的2.232″下降为0.720″,基本满足印刷设备对精度的要求。     

整体式平面三自由度全柔顺并联机构构型拓扑优化设计

基于平面三自由度全柔顺并联机构与传统并联机构的微分运动学矢量连续映射关系,建立整体式平面三自由度全柔顺并联机构构型拓扑优化模型-固体各向同性材料插值(Solid isotropic material with penalization,SIMP)模型,运用优化准则(Optimization criterion,OC)算法对所建立模型求解,采用Heaviside过滤技术处理优化过程中棋盘格和网格依赖问题。基于曲线拟合方法对优化后整体构型轮廓进行拟合,在Solid Works软件中建立其三维模型,进而应用有限元软件进行静力学仿真分析与对比,结果表明:以微分运动学矢量连续映射关系为拓扑优化设计条件,所得出的平面三自由度全柔顺并联机构与传统并联机构具有相同的微分运动特性,定性验证了基于拓扑方法对平面全柔顺并联机构设计的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.