960MPa级熔敷金属组织及冲击韧性分析

研制开发了960 MPa级高强韧性气体保护焊丝,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM),并通过低温示波冲击等试验研究了熔敷金属微观组织和冲击韧性. 结果表明,熔敷金属金相组织为粒状贝氏体(GB)+低碳马氏体(M),马氏体的出现可能和合金元素的成分偏析有关. 贝氏体铁素体(BF)板条晶界形核并向晶内生长,BF片条间有呈薄膜状分布的残余奥氏体(γ'),对韧性有利. 该贝氏体-马氏体型混合组织冲击韧性较好,热输入为13.7 kJ/cm时,熔敷金属裂纹扩展功和冲击吸收总功分别为63和75 J.     

Si元素对800 MPa级HSLA钢焊材熔敷金属组织及韧性的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等试验,分析了不同Si元素含量(质量分数,%)对800 MPa级低合金高强(HSLA)钢焊材熔敷金属组织特征及韧性的影响.结果表明,当Si元素含量从0.45%增加到0.66%时,熔敷金属(0.035C-0.45Si-1.47Mn-2.56Ni-0.68Cr-0.62Mo)的屈服强度从850 MPa增大到895 MPa,抗拉强度从917 MPa增大到954 MPa,-50℃冲击吸收能量从115 J降低到73 J;当Si元素含量为0.45%时,熔敷金属显微组织主要由板条贝氏体及部分粒状贝氏体和板条马氏体组成,各组织间呈相互交织状分布;而当Si元素含量增大到0.66%时,组织主要由细长条状的板条马氏体及部分板条贝氏体组成;随着Si元素含量增大,组织长宽比明显增大,且组织之间趋于平行分布.熔敷金属由γ(奥氏体)→贝氏体/马氏体混合组织转变时的相变温度随着Si元素含量增加而降低,随着Si含量增大,熔敷金属板条和板条块亚结构由交织的短条状向平行的细长条状转变,板条束亚结构尺寸明显变大,板条束亚结构...     

Al和Mg元素对吉帕级熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响

针对吉帕级熔敷金属韧性不足的现状,设计了4组焊丝,研究了Al,Mg元素对金属粉芯焊丝熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响. 采用扫描电子显微镜对熔敷金属的显微组织进行了表征,通过力学性能测试表征了熔敷金属的力学性能. 结果表明,熔敷金属主要由马氏体、贝氏体构成. 随着熔敷金属中Al,Mg元素的添加量由0Al-0Mg增加至0.3Al-0.9Mg,其氧含量由0.0308%降为0.0143%,聚合贝氏体含量减少,板条马氏体含量增加. 夹杂物由传统的以Fe,Al,Si,Mn等元素的氧化物转变为以Al,Mg氧化物为主的球形细小夹杂物(MgO·Al₂O₃). 0.3Al-0.9Mg组与0Al-0Mg组相比较,夹杂物的平均尺寸降低了0.13 μm,抗拉强度增加了152 MPa,冲击吸收能量增加了11 J (?20 ℃).     

1 000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属强韧化机理分析

自主设计4种不同镍含量(ω_Ni)的Ni-Cr-Mo系焊丝，采用TIG焊制备1 000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等对不同镍含量的熔敷金属微观组织进行表征，通过拉伸、冲击、硬度试验对熔敷金属力学性能进行测试，探求镍含量对1 000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属强韧性机理的影响规律.结果表明，不同镍含量熔敷金属组织均由板条马氏体、板条贝氏体、联合贝氏体和残余奥氏体组成；镍含量不同，微观组织不同；随着镍含量增加，柱状晶宽度增大，板条马氏体、联合贝氏体和残余奥氏体增多，板条贝氏体减少，熔敷金属强度提高，塑性降低；当ω_Ni为5.44%时，强韧匹配最佳，屈服强度为1 005 MPa，-50℃下冲击吸收能量为95 J.     

X80埋弧焊丝熔敷金属性能试验讨论

在X70埋弧焊丝研制的基础上,确定以贝氏体强化针状铁素体的技术路线研制X80管线钢的配套焊丝。采用维氏硬度仪测量熔敷金属的硬度;在冲击试验机上进行熔敷金属低温冲击韧度试验;在拉伸试验机上进行熔敷金属拉伸试验;采用金相显微镜观察熔敷金属的显微组织;在扫描电子显微镜上进行断口分析。结果表明:熔敷金属不仅具有高的强度,而且具有优良的低温韧性(KV(-20℃)=151.5 J),满足了X80管线钢焊缝力学性能要求。     

Cu对气体保护焊丝熔敷金属组织与性能的影响

采用未添加Cu元素的焊丝和分别添加了0.2%和0.5%的Cu元素的气体保护焊丝对20钢进行焊接,对不同Cu含量熔敷金属的组织和性能进行了研究,分析了Cu元素对熔敷金属组织和性能影响规律。研究结果表明:Cu含量的增加对熔敷金属抗拉强度影响不大,但可使其-50℃冲击吸收功呈现出显著上升的趋势。且随Cu含量增加,熔敷金属中粒状贝氏体和板条马氏体数量减少,板条贝氏体数量增多,M-A组元数量减少,形态由条状、小块状向颗粒状转变。     

国产Q960E钢配套气体保护焊实心焊丝的研制

为了满足Q960E钢焊接时对强度及冲击韧性等性能的要求,设计了以Ni-Cr-Mo-Mn-Si-Ti为合金系的焊丝,确定了焊丝的成分,并对该焊丝的熔敷金属性能进行测定。试验结果表明:焊丝熔敷金属的屈服强度与抗拉强度分别为858 MPa及933 MPa,冲击吸收功为84 J(-40℃),各项力学性能均达到要求;焊缝熔敷金属中扩散氢含量平均值为3.43 m L/100 g,达到超低氢标准;焊丝的飞溅率为4.6%,符合生产要求;焊缝熔敷金属组织为低碳马氏体和下贝氏体的混合组织,达到设计要求;同时利用扫描电镜对断口形貌进行了分析,断口为典型的准解理形貌,断口的延性脊保证了韧性。     

镍、铬对高强钢金属粉型药芯焊丝熔敷金属组织与性能的影响

向金属粉型药芯焊丝配方中添加不同含量的Ni、Cr,研究其对高强钢熔敷金属组织与性能的影响。结果表明:Ni、Cr对熔敷金属的强度、塑性与低温冲击韧性影响程度不同。Cr含量不变时,随着熔敷金属中Ni含量从2.78%增加到3.38%,针状铁素体、马氏体增多,贝氏体、侧板条铁素体含量减少,熔敷金属的强度和韧性变化不大,但塑性下降;Ni在提高抗拉强度方面作用有限,添加Cr可以进一步提高强度,但过量的Cr会造成韧性下降。在w(Ni)2.90%、w(Cr)0.45%时,以条状贝氏体为主的熔敷金属强度高、塑韧性好,综合力学性能最佳。     

高强高韧性管线钢埋弧用焊丝的研制

研制的高强高韧性管线钢用埋弧焊丝与SJ10 1和SJ10 2焊剂匹配后的熔敷金属不仅具有很高的强度 (σs≥ 5 4 0MPa) ,而且还具有优良的低温韧性 (AKv - 1 0℃ ≥ 12 0J)。该焊丝的研制满足了屈服强度超过 5 0 0MPa以上管线钢对焊缝熔敷金属性能的要求。研究结果表明 ,要保证熔敷金属具有较佳的强韧性匹配 ,熔敷金属中的合金元素总量必须满足Ceq≥ 0 .38,Pcm≥ 0 .17,才能保证熔敷金属的强度 ,以及具有以针状铁素体为主焊缝组织 ;在文中的合金系统下 ,随着熔敷金属中C、Mn元素含量的增加 ,熔敷金属的针状铁素体组织的含量增加 ,韧性得到提高。随着焊剂碱度值的增加 ,熔敷金属中的氧含量降低 ,C、Mn元素增加 ,使得熔敷金属中的合金元素更趋向于最佳的配比 ,从而提高了韧性。     

900 MPa级超高强气保焊丝的研制

确定了焊丝合适的化学成分,主要合金元素为Ni、Mo、Cr,碳当量CE=0.70%~0.90%。试制了900 MPa级气体保护焊丝,其冶炼及拉拔工艺可行。以φ(Ar)80%+φ(CO2)20%作保护气体,焊接熔敷金属抗拉强度典型值960 MPa,-20℃冲击韧性67 J,马氏体+贝氏体组织。降低C、Cr及Mo含量、增加Ni含量,焊缝韧性增加。焊丝适用于900 MPa及以上级别超高强钢的焊接。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.