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我国牛肉生产继续保持稳步发展态势,饲养效益较好。第一季度,国内牛肉价格继续提高,产区与销区价格走势一致;牛产品出口增加,进口减少,贸易顺差。国际市场上,美国牛肉价格下跌。 相似文献
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我国牛肉进出口市场的现状和前景 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
1980年以来,随着农业产业化进程的加快,我国肉牛业取得了巨大的成就,全国牛的存栏总数从1980年的7200万头,增加到1998年的1.24亿头,牛肉产量从1980年的26.9万t,增加到1998年的的479.9万t,成为世界上仅次于美国和巴西的第三大牛肉生产肉。1998年我国出口牛肉4.8万t,进口牛肉0.35万t,分别只占当年国内牛肉总产量的1%和0.1%。 相似文献
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猪、牛肉比例对西式灌肠质量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
添加不同比例的猪肉、牛肉对灌肠质量的影响进行研究,结果表明:在一定范围内,添加牛肉量与灌肠质量成正比,而组织状态(切面光滑度)随着添加牛肉量的增加略有下降。 相似文献
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疯牛病席卷欧洲大陆,给欧洲牛肉产业带来了巨大的损失,为我国牛肉进入国际市场提供了契机。我国即将加入WTO,随着全球经济一体化进程加快,多边关税减让,非关税壁垒的取消,牛肉出口份额将会增加,这将有力地促进我国产业化经营。 相似文献
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高压处理对鲜牛肉感观性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究通过对鲜牛肉使用100-250MPa的压力作用5-20分钟,研究其感观性能的变化。结果表明,100MPa的压力处理能显著降低牛肉的剪切力,提高牛肉嫩度(P<001),增加牛肉的熟制得率,减少汁液损失(P<005)。250MPa范围内的压力虽然增加了鲜肉色泽L值(P<005),但对肉的色泽和色泽贮存稳定性没有不利影响 相似文献
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《食品与发酵工业》2003,29(4)
据不久前在乌拉圭举行的世界肉类大会提供的材料 ,今年全球牛肉出口量将达到 65 0万t ,比去年增加5 %。据悉 ,今年全球牛肉产量估计为 5 0 0 0万t,牛肉出口量约占牛肉产量的 13 %。澳大利亚是世界上最大的牛肉出口国 ,今年它的牛肉出口可达 15 0万t。美国牛肉出口量是 115万t,加拿大和欧盟的牛肉出口量分别为 60万t和 5 7万t。作为出口集团 ,南方共同市场是世界上第一大牛肉供应地 ,今年的牛肉出口将上升到 185万t。南共市牛肉出口大幅度增加是由于摆脱了口蹄疫的桎梏。特别是巴西 ,今年的牛肉出口将可增加到 97万t ;阿根廷牛肉出口量为 3 9… 相似文献
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据关税及贸易总协定最近发表的关于国际肉类市场的调查报告称,今年世界牛肉市场需求将继续增长,而供应短缺。同时由于价格上涨,饲料成本降低,牛肉出口国家的边际利润 相似文献
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Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
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R. B. Sashidhar Y. Ramakrishna Ramesh V. Bhat 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1992,28(4):257-260
Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low. 相似文献
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目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50%和8.22%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02%、1.11%和0.87%.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33%,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00%,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11%.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管. 相似文献