基于二维网格融合特征参数的室内匹配定位算法

针对接收信号强度值(RSSI)的时变特性降低定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于二维网格特征参数融合的室内匹配定位算法。该算法融合RSSI和信号到达时间差(TDOA)构建网格特征参数模型,基于二维网格快速搜索策略降低匹配定位的计算量,采用网格特征向量的归一化欧氏距离进行最优网格匹配定位,最终由匹配网格的参考节点计算终端的精确位置。定位仿真实验中,该算法在3m网格粒度下的定位均方根误差为1.079m,平均定位误差小于1.865m;3m定位精度下的概率达到94.7%,相对于传统单一RSSI模型法提高了19.6%。所提算法能够有效提高室内定位精度,同时减少搜索数据量,降低匹配定位的计算复杂度。     

基于中心矩改进的WiFi室内定位算法

基于WiFi指纹的定位技术是国内外室内定位领域研究的热门课题。针对室内环境的实变性而造成RSS值波动带来的影响,提出一种基于中心矩加权改进的WKNN匹配算法。离线阶段中,提取RSS的均值和二阶矩作为指纹存入数据库。在线阶段定位时,将RSS值的二阶矩特征加入到欧式距离中进行计算,以得到离定位点最近的K个参考点,从而计算出待定位点的位置。实验结果表明:不同的匹配算法的选择会使定位误差呈现出明显的差异性,所提出改进的WKNN算法能够有效地提高室内定位精度。     

基于CMAES-SVR的WLAN室内定位算法研究

针对传统WLAN指纹定位算法中存在的定位精度低、稳定性差、实时性不高等问题,提出一种基于CMAES-SVR的WLAN室内定位算法。该算法首先对接入点（AP）的接收信号强度（RSS）进行统计分析,采用高斯滤波对信号进行预处理,然后利用k-means聚类算法将原始指纹数据库中的定位区域进行聚类分块;其次采用协方差矩阵自适应进化策略（CMAES）优化支持向量回归机（SVR）参数,从而建立CMAES-SVR室内定位学习模型,通过该模型分别构建各定位子区域中RSS信号与物理位置非线性映射关系;最后判断测试点所属类簇,根据该类簇中训练好的CMAES-SVR模型进行回归预测。实验结果表明,与WKNN、传统SVR以及PSO-SVR算法相比,该算法在定位精度、稳定性以及实时性方面均有所提高。     

跨异构设备的室内Wi-Fi指纹定位方法

基于Wi-Fi位置指纹的室内定位中,采用异构设备在同一位置、同一时间采集的无线信号接收强度（Received signal strength indicator,RSSI）存在差异,使得离线指纹库与不同用户在线采集的信号难以兼容而影响定位精度。针对该问题,本文提出一种适应异构设备的定位算法。该方法首先通过接入点（Access point, AP）选择,构建信号稳定的离线指纹数据库,再使用普氏分析法（Procrustes analysis, PA）对指纹库标准化,消除异构设备引入的信号差异。在线阶段采用余弦相似度（Cosine similarity, CS）算法得到目标的位置估计。在2种典型室内环境中利用4台手机测试了所提方法的定位性能,并分析了影响定位性能的因素。实验结果表明,所提方法在2种室内环境中的平均定位误差分别为2.96 m和2.29 m,相比较加权K近邻（Weight K-nearest neighbor, WKNN）算法定位精度分别提高了21.3%和21.6%。     

一种基于SVR的定位误差修正算法

针对井下无线信号传播环境发生改变需要重新采集RSS(Received Signal Strength)指纹数据的问题,提出一种基于支持向量回归(SVR)的定位误差修正算法。该算法在离线阶段利用支持向量回归机,建立待训练点的RSS值和定位结果与定位误差之间的非线性关系,在线阶段利用该模型计算RSS样本的定位误差,并修正定位结果。实验结果表明,在离线训练点数量增加前后,该修正算法比指纹匹配算法的定位误差分别减少了22%与38%。     

一种高效的大监控区域移动目标追踪算法

针对目前无线传感器网络中利用位置指纹进行移动节点室内追踪时,为提高追踪精度引入的训练及匹配计算量大的问题,提出了一种兼顾定位精度和计算效率的算法。该算法适合锚节点稀疏分布的大监控区域,通过锚节点和参考位置点的局部匹配降低指纹匹配的复杂度,利用加权K-近邻算法获得粗定位,再通过融合目标节点加速度信息的卡尔曼滤波进一步减少追踪误差。仿真实验表明,本文算法具有良好的定位一致性和较高的定位精度,在指纹间隔10 m,接收信号强度指示值的测量方差高达16时,追踪过程中平均定位误差为1.4 m,适合室内移动目标的实时追踪。     

基于特征匹配和距离加权的蓝牙定位算法

针对传统iBeacon指纹定位技术中接收信号强度值（RSSI）波动较大、指纹库聚类复杂、存在较大跳变性定位误差等问题,提出一种基于排序特征匹配和距离加权的蓝牙定位算法。在离线阶段,该算法先对RSSI进行加权滑动窗处理,然后根据RSSI向量大小生成排序特征码等值,并与位置坐标等信息组成指纹信息,形成指纹库;在在线定位阶段,根据排序特征向量指纹匹配定位算法和基于距离的最优加权K最邻近法（WKNN）实现室内行人定位。在定位仿真实验中,该算法可以自动根据特征码进行聚类,从而降低了聚类的复杂度,能实现最大误差在0.952 m内的室内行人定位精度。     

基于改进AP选择和K最近邻法算法的室内定位技术

针对复杂的室内环境和在传统K最近邻法（KNN）算法中认为信号差相等时物理距离就相等两个问题,提出了一种新的接入点（AP）选择方法和基于缩放权重的KNN室内定位算法。首先,改进AP的选择方法,使用箱形图过滤接收信号强度（RSS）的异常值,初步建立指纹库,剔除指纹库中丢失率高的AP,使用标准偏差分析RSS的变化,选择干扰较小的前n个AP;其次,在传统的KNN算法中引入缩放权重,构建一个基于RSS的缩放权重模型;最后,计算出获得最小有效信号距离的前K个参考点坐标,得到未知位置坐标。定位仿真实验中,仅对AP选择方法进行改进的算法平均定位误差比传统的KNN算法降低了21.9%,引入缩放权重算法的平均定位误差为1.82 m,比传统KNN降低了53.6%。     

蚁群聚类能量分簇在802．11无线网络定位中的应用

IEEE 802．11无线网络以快速灵活的组网方式得到广泛部署和应用,其定位方法也成为近年研究热点。论文提出了一种基于蚁群聚类能量分簇RSSI指纹定位算法,利用蚁群信息素反馈机制优化能量聚类分簇和收敛速度,再根据能量指纹匹配定位节点位置。仿真实验表明,该算法定位精确,能很好地减小由信号波动引起的定位误差。     

基于多指纹联合匹配的混合定位算法

随着信息科技的迅猛发展,室内定位技术已经成为基于位置服务LBS的研究热点之一。基于接收信号强度RSS的位置指纹与步行者航位推算PDR相结合的定位算法能有效提高定位精度,但目前已有的算法难以同时满足较高的定位精度与较小的计算量,常见的卡尔曼滤波算法精度不够,而粒子滤波算法计算量较大。提出了一种基于多指纹联合匹配的混合定位算法,有效融合惯性信息与RSS指纹信息,在较低计算量的前提下实现了高精度定位。实验结果表明,该算法80%的定位精度低于1m,平均精度高达0.77m。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.