膨润土的改性技术与应用研究现状

膨润土是一种重要的非金属矿产，资源丰富，应用广泛。本文在查阅大量文献的基础上，并结合课题研究工作，对膨润土的改性技术、改性膨润土的应用与改性效果进行了系统的综述。     

改性膨润土及其在环保方面的应用

本文综述了膨润土的改性及其近年来在环境保护方面的应用     

改性介孔材料在水处理中的应用研究进展

概述了介孔材料的功能化方法,包括掺杂金属、引入无机物和接枝有机官能团等。重点介绍了材料改性后在水处理中的吸附与催化应用,包括吸附水中铜、铅、铬、砷等重金属离子,去除医药废水及水源水中的药物和内分泌干扰物以及胺类、酚类等有毒有害有机物,处理染料废水,催化降解水中挥发性有机物和工业废水中的多种染料分子等。最后展望了介孔材料未来的研究趋势与应用前景。     

绿色试剂--淀粉改性水处理剂的研究与应用

淀粉作为一种天然高分子物质，是比较理想的绿色试剂原材料，文中从近年来淀粉改性研究中涉及的化学反应入手，对在水处理方面应用的淀粉改性产品进行了分类综述。     

铝镍改性膨润土的制备及在处理染料废水中的应用

膨润土是一种重要的非金属矿,主要由蒙脱石构成,体结构由两层硅氧四面体晶片中夹有一层铝氧八面体晶片组成。文章主要论述铝镍改性膨润土的制备以及在染料废水处理中的应用。     

改性壳聚糖复合材料在水处理中的研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖的分子特点、絮凝机理以及在水处理方面的优势,重点综述了壳聚糖分子与硅酸盐矿石、纳米磁性材料的复合改性以及壳聚糖分子交联、接枝的官能团改性在水处理方面的综合研究进展,提出了未来的发展应结合我国水质的具体特点,寻找更高效、环保的壳聚糖改性水处理剂,并早日实现工业化发展。     

改性膨润土对水溶液中草甘膦的吸附研究

分别用硫酸和十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTMAB）制备酸改性膨润土和有机改性膨润土,系统地研究了这两种改性膨润土对水溶液中草甘膦的吸附行为。结果表明：两种改性土都在碱性条件下吸附效果较好,草甘膦在酸改性膨润土上的吸附主要与表面羟基有关,在CTMAB改性膨润土上的吸附是分配机理起主要作用。草甘膦在酸改性膨润土上的吸附满足Langmuir吸附模型,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,对CTMAB改性膨润土更满足Fkundlich吸附模型,吸附过程符合伪一级动力学方程。     

膜技术在水处理中的应用及发展

近几十年来,随着全球对水的需求的不断增加,水资源枯竭、水质恶化已经成为严重的问题。膜技术由于清洁、无污染、无相变等特色受到各行业广泛地关注,并作为一种科学有效的技术在水处理中得到了广泛的应用。本文通过对膜技术及其在水处理中应用的介绍和分析,旨在进一步推动膜技术向前发展,提高膜技术在水处理中的效果。     

Ecological system for water treatment in fine chemicals industry enterprises

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The issues of water management in chemical enterprises are considered to be very challenging and important at present. There are a significant number...     

改性膨润土对煤泥脱水效果的影响

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为有机改性剂对阜新钙基膨润土进行有机改性;将膨润土原土(CaY-Bt)、精矿(CaJ-Bt)和有机改性膨润土(CTAB-Bt)分别与絮凝剂配合使用,通过XRD、FTIR、激光粒度分析及接触角测定,研究其对煤泥脱水作用的影响及机理。结果表明:CTAB进入蒙脱石层间,增大蒙脱石的层间距;Ca Y-Bt与絮凝剂配合使用后,煤泥脱水速率增加2.32 m L/s,滤饼水分减少1.84%,CaJ-Bt脱水速率增加0.62 m L/s,滤饼水分减少2.22%,CTAB-Bt脱水速率增加1.51 m L/s,滤饼水分减少4.95%;综合考虑脱水速率和滤饼水分,CTAB-Bt与絮凝剂配合使用为最佳方案。改性膨润土作用于煤泥表面,能增大煤泥疏水性,促进煤粒疏水聚团。     

无机改性膨润土制备及吸附苯酚废水的研究

以膨润土为原料,Fe(OH)<'2+>为改性剂,制备了无机改性膨润土吸附剂,研究了该吸附剂对苯酚废水的吸附性能,结果表明:在温度为30℃,pH为8左右,废水初始浓度为100mg/L,吸附剂用量为10g/L,吸附时间为50min,苯酚的去除率可达到92%以上.     

Removal of basic dye by modified Unye bentonite, Turkey

The adsorption behavior of crystal violet (CV(+)) from aqueous solution onto raw (RB) and manganese oxide-modified (MMB) bentonite samples was investigated as a function of parameters such as initial CV(+) concentration, contact time and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of RB and MMB were estimated as 0.32 and 1.12 mmol/g, respectively. The mean adsorption energy derived from D-R isotherm for MMB showed that the type of adsorption of dye molecules on this material may be defined as chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was fast and more than half of the adsorbed-CV(+) was removed in the first 55 min for RB and 5 min for MMB at the room temperature. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic and the intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG were found 117.41 kJ/mol, 41.50 J/(molK), -5.07 kJ/mol (RB) and 21.19 kJ/mol 98.34 J/(molK), -7.84 kJ/mol (MMB) at 295.15 K, respectively. The quite high adsorption capacity and high adsorption rate of MMB will provide an important advantage for using of this material in basic dye solution.     

纳米改性膨润土对苯酚的吸附及其机理探讨

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和壳聚糖对钠基膨润土改性,制得纳米改性膨润土复合材料(以下简称纳米改性土),研究其对苯酚的吸附行为。结果表明:改性剂成功负载于钠基膨润土片层表面;改性剂掺杂量、活化反应时间、pH值和吸附时间均会影响其吸附性能;吸附机理主要表现为分配作用和吸附电中和作用。     

Sorption of Pb(II) on sodium polyacrylate modified bentonite

Bentonite is widely used in various anti-seepage systems in landfills and is often exposed to leachate that are strongly acidic and have high concentrations of heavy metals. However, natural bentonite cannot resist the damage caused by cations and adsorbs harmful substances from the liquid in the process of permeation simultaneously. In order to solve this obstacle problem, we investigate the sorption characteristics of previous sodium polyacrylate bentonite (SPB), which has the low permeability and chemical resistance. A series of batch sorption experiments were performed to evaluate the degree of influence of parameters (contact time, pH, temperature, and concentration of Pb(II)). The resultant SPB samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that negatively charged hydrophilic group (carboxyl group, -COOH) of sodium polyacrylate formed a directional arrangement and wrapped the layers of bentonite. This makes the polyacrylate sodium membrane to allow water to pass through easily and block the cations, thereby protecting bentonite from the cation exchange reaction. Compared with raw bentonite (RB), the sorption of Pb(II) of SPB was significantly improved in acid, and the maximum sorption capacity increased by about 20%, reaching 72.89 mmol/100 g. Thus, SPB is an ideal impermeable material to block the leachate and it exhibits low permeability, chemical resistance, and high adsorption for heavy metals.     

A basic test method for the study of explosion treatment of waste chemicals from laboratories.

As a part of the research on the explosion treatment of waste chemicals from laboratories, a basic test method, which will provide the basis for our future research, was developed. First, the basic explosive, the scale of the explosion chamber and the assembly of the sample were decided. Then, measurement of detonation velocity was carried out, and the relationship between the quantity of explosive and the state of detonation propagation was obtained. A quantitative method for evaluating the decomposability of organic chemicals under explosion treatment was investigated. The results indicate that evaluating the explosion decomposability of organic chemicals from the gasification ratio could be used as a basic method provided that the excessive oxygen is approximately 62 mol% or higher. Finally, examinations of the possible effects of the quantity of explosive and conditions of atmosphere on the explosion decomposition of the model substance were conducted, and the basic test conditions regarding the quantity of explosive and condition of atmosphere were decided.