工业锅炉节能改造政府补贴方案研究

我国工业锅炉使用量大面广,在用燃煤工业锅炉运行效率较低,不但浪费能源,还造成严重的环境污染。研究实施推广工业锅炉节能改造的政府补贴方案,是当前加快工业锅炉节能改造的最有效途径之一。     

略论工业锅炉经济运行与节能的途径

本文以工业锅炉运行的现场管理和节能技术改造为研究对象,阐述了工业锅炉经济运行与节能的方法,为工业锅炉经济运行和节能改造提供了经验.     

工业锅炉合同能源管理模式探索

叙述了工业锅炉具有巨大的节能潜力,但节能减排进展缓慢的情况。指出,应用合同能源管理（EPC）为工业锅炉节能改造提供了新思路,根据工业锅炉节能改造项目特点,宜选择EPC的3种类型中的能源费用托管型合同,并应与煤炭、燃油价格指数联动。     

工业锅炉的节能途径

文章以工业锅炉的现场管理为切入点,阐述了工业锅炉与节能密切相关的5条途径,为工业锅炉的经济运行和节能改造提供了经验.     

我国工业锅炉使用现状与节能减排对策探讨

针对我国工业锅炉使用现状,总结了工业锅炉使用中普遍存在的问题,并进行了原因分析,归纳了现阶段在用工业锅炉实施节能改造主要采用的技术、产品以及使用效果。结合工业锅炉节能潜力巨大的国情,提出我国工业锅炉节能减排工作的建议措施,并强调近期应重点考虑的工业锅炉节能减排技术、方法和措施。     

努力搞好工业炉窑节能改造

工业锅炉、风机水泵和工业炉窑都是我省主要耗能设备,1980年以来我们先后将工业锅炉和风机水泵作为全省的重点进行了节能改造,并已取得了显著的节能效果,1988年开始对工业炉窑进行节能改造。工业炉窑与工业锅炉、风机水泵相比,其耗能数量更大、种类更多、分布面更广,改造更为复杂、困难。据初步调查,全省冶     

工业锅炉节能改造

我国工业锅炉数量多、热效率低，节能潜力巨大。对我国工业锅炉状况进行了分析，并对锅炉的节能改造提出了建议。     

在用工业锅炉节能措施探讨

在分析我国能源状况的基础上,探讨了在用工业锅炉的运行状况及使用中普遍存在的问题;并研究了在用工业锅炉实施节能改造使用的主要技术与效果;最后,提出了工业锅炉节能减排工作的建议与措施。     

燃煤工业锅炉热效率与节能改造技术

针对河北省工业锅炉数量大且热效率低的现状,通过分析193台燃煤锅炉能效测试数据,发现低吨位燃煤锅炉存在运行负荷低、燃烧不充分和排烟温度高等问题。针对这些问题,对其中111台燃煤锅炉进行改造,结合工程实例对燃煤锅炉节能改造技术和节能效果进行研究,得出工业锅炉节能改造是提高锅炉热效率和节能环保的有效措施。     

生物质锅炉改燃轻油锅炉能效案例分析

通过对某生物质锅炉改燃轻油锅炉能效案例分析,分析改造后锅炉的能效状况及节能水平,为燃生物质工业锅炉改造成燃轻油工业锅炉在技术方案上提供数据支持和理论分析,进而帮助改造完善改造方案。     

_煤气化_无烟燃烧技术_的原理及其应用

分析了我国工业锅炉的现状,介绍了“煤气化－无烟燃烧技术”的原理及其在工业锅炉改造中的应,用为在用工业锅炉的技术改造探索一条既消烟除尘又节约能源的新途径。     

Verification of electrical energy savings for lighting retrofits using short- and long-term monitoring

This paper presents the verification of the annual electrical energy savings associated with lighting retrofits using short- and long-term monitoring. The effort was part of a US utility-sponsored energy efficiency program to reduce energy consumption in commercial and industrial facilities. Although this paper describes the verification procedures in three facilities, the recommended methods have broad application. In this study, we first conducted lighting energy audits to identify lighting efficiency measures at three facilities, namely an office building, an industrial manufacturing plant, and a city hospital. Then, we estimated the lighting energy savings for the facilities and sought to present the results in a meaningful form. Actual energy savings were measured using short- and long-term monitoring. In all cases, the energy savings measured were within 30% of the projected energy savings.     

Structural changes and energy-demand forecasting in industry with applications to two newly industrialized countries

The structure of industrial energy use and output are studied, based on the developments of the two fast growing economies of Singapore and Taiwan. Changes in the composition of industry are analyzed, creating a better picture of structural and technical effects on the ratio of energy used to output. Methods to incorporate these two effects in energy-demand forecasting are developed. The energy implications of alternative industrial developments, such as savings that could be realized through placing a higher priority on the developments of less energy-intensive industries, are examined. It is found that structural changes have a major influence on trends in industrial energy use. Structural effects should therefore be identified and taken into consideration, either implicitly or explicitly, in industrial energy-demand forecasting.     

Energy savings potential in China's industrial sector: From the perspectives of factor price distortion and allocative inefficiency

China's industrial energy consumption accounted for 70.82% of national and 14.12% of world energy usage in 2011. In the context of energy scarcity and environmental pollution, the industrial sector in China faces unsustainable growth problems. By adopting the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) framework, this paper analyzes the factor allocative efficiency of China's industrial sector, and estimates the energy savings potential from the perspective of allocative inefficiency. This paper focuses on three issues. The first is examining the factor allocative inefficiency of China's industrial sector. The second is measuring factor price distortion by the shadow price model. The third is estimating the energy savings potential in China's industrial sector during 2001–2009. Major conclusions are thus drawn. First, factor prices of capital, labor and energy are distorted in China due to government regulations. Moreover, energy price is relatively low compared to capital price, while is relatively high compared to labor price. Second, the industry-wide energy savings potential resulted from energy allocative inefficiency was about 9.71% during 2001–2009. The downward trend of energy savings potential implies the increasing energy allocative efficiency in China's industrial sector. Third, a transparent and reasonable pricing mechanism is conducive to improving energy allocative efficiency.     

Development of a modelling framework in response to new European energy-efficiency regulatory obligations: The Irish experience

Momentum has been building for an EU-wide approach to energy policy in which energy end-use efficiency is regarded as one of the main planks. Member States are already obliged to plan for the achievement of energy savings targets in respect of the period 2008–2016 and they now face additional economy-wide targets for 2020. Efficiency investments are widely regarded as capable of improving industrial competitiveness, security of energy supply and the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the design of policy packages may involve trade-offs between these objectives. The challenge for energy modellers is to quantify future energy savings associated with combinations of efficiency measures. This paper draws on the international experience in energy modelling and tracks recent progress that has been made towards a harmonised European framework for verification of savings. It points to the significant development work that remains to be done, particularly to enable an increased reliance on bottom-up evaluation methods. One significant gap in our knowledge relates to the required adjustment of technical savings due to behavioural factors such as rebound effects. The paper uses one country (Ireland) as a case study to demonstrate how a framework is being developed to respond to these new requirements.     

Potential energy savings in the production route for plastics

The gross energy requirement (GER) for the major petrochemical products (ethylene, propylene, butadiene and benzene) and the major bulk polymers (low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride) is determined. The GER-values for LDPE, PP, PS and PVC are 69.8, 61.6, 81.5 and 55.7 GJ/ton, respectively. The potential energy saving in the process chain for each product is assessed on the basis of commercially available technologies. The profitable potential, savings (i.e. with a payback period shorter than 3 yr) is about 8% of the GER-figure. The technical potential for savings varies from 12% for ethylene to 25% for PVC. In addition, the potential savings are investigated for the industrial sectors involved, namely oil refining (15% of total primary energy demand), inorganic chemicals (6%) and petrochemicals (9%).     

Industrial combined heat and power (CHP) planning: Development of a methodology and application in Greece

This paper establishes a methodology for the estimation of the primary energy savings of an industrial (sub)-sector and the primary energy savings of the total energy system due to CHP. A primary energy savings indicator within a (sub)-sector and a total primary energy savings indicator are developed which are related with the actual energy use of a (sub)-sector and the way of disposal of the excess CHP energy produced. The methodology is applied in an industrial sub-sector in Greece according to the ‘power match’ and the ‘thermal match’ CHP sizing scenarios; subsequently results are presented and the developed indicators are fully explained. It was found that the primary energy savings indicator of a sub-sector is determined by the efficiencies of the relevant technologies, and the interrelation of the ‘power to heat’ ratio of the CHP technology used and the ‘power to heat’ ratio of the sub-sector examined; the total primary energy savings indicator is determined by the efficiencies of the relevant technologies and the percentage of the CHP energy exported from the sub-sector. The methodology can be utilized for optimum CHP planning.     

Measuring industrial energy savings

Accurate measurement of energy savings from industrial energy efficiency projects can reduce uncertainty about the efficacy of the projects, guide the selection of future projects, improve future estimates of expected savings, promote financing of energy efficiency projects through shared-savings agreements, and improve utilization of capital resources. Many efforts to measure industrial energy savings, or simply track progress toward efficiency goals, have had difficulty incorporating changing weather and production, which are frequently major drivers of plant energy use. This paper presents a general method for measuring plant-wide industrial energy savings that takes into account changing weather and production between the pre and post-retrofit periods. In addition, the method can disaggregate savings into components, which provides additional resolution for understanding the effectiveness of individual projects when several projects are implemented together. The method uses multivariable piece-wise regression models to characterize baseline energy use, and disaggregates savings by taking the total derivative of the energy use equation. Although the method incorporates search techniques, multi-variable least-squares regression and calculus, it is easily implemented using data analysis software, and can use readily available temperature, production and utility billing data. This is important, since more complicated methods may be too complex for widespread use. The method is demonstrated using case studies of actual energy assessments. The case studies demonstrate the importance of adjusting for weather and production between the pre- and post-retrofit periods, how plant-wide savings can be disaggregated to evaluate the effectiveness of individual retrofits, how the method can identify the time-dependence of savings, and limitations of engineering models when used to estimate future savings.     

Spatial modelling of industrial heat loads and recovery potentials in the UK

This paper presents a spatial model of industrial heat loads and technical recovery potentials in the UK, by recourse to energetic and exergetic analysis methods. The aims were to categorise heat users into broad temperature bands; quantify heat usage and wastage at different temperatures; and to estimate the technical potential for heat recovery based on current technologies (whilst ignoring spatial and temporal constraints). The main data source was the UK National Allocation Plan for the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, supplemented by capacity/output and specific energy consumption data for certain heterogeneous sectors. Around 60% of industry has been covered in terms of energy use, and 90% of energy-intensive sectors. The total annual heat use for these sectors was estimated at 650 PJ, with technically feasible annual savings in the region 36–71 PJ. This is in agreement with the only extant estimates for heat recovery from industrial processes, which are 65 and 144 PJ, respectively.     

Energy and emission analysis for industrial motors in Malaysia

The industrial sector is the largest user of energy in Malaysia. Industrial motors account for a major segment of total industrial energy use. Since motors are the principle energy users, different energy savings strategies have been applied to reduce their energy consumption and associated emissions released into the atmosphere. These strategies include using highly efficient motors, variable speed drive (VSD), and capacitor banks to improve the power factor. It has been estimated that there can be a total energy savings of 1765, 2703 and 3605 MWh by utilizing energy-efficient motors for 50%, 75% and 100% loads, respectively. It was also found that for different motor loads, an estimated US$115,936 US$173,019 and US$230,693 can be saved in anticipated energy costs. Similarly, it is hypothesized that a significant amount of energy can be saved using VSD and capacitor banks to reduce speed and improve the power factor, thus cutting energy costs. Moreover, a substantial reduction in the amount of emissions can be effected together with the associated energy savings for different energy savings strategies. In addition, the payback period for different energy savings strategies has been found to be reasonable in some cases.