对农村生活排水管理体制问题的思考

在简要阐述我国农村生活排水发展总体现状的基础上,从国家和地方两个层面分析了当前农村生活排水管理体制的状况,并系统分析了当前农村生活排水管理体制存在的主要问题。在此基础上,从明确中央与地方事权划分、加强农村供排水一体化、健全乡镇基层水利管理体系等几个方面论述了农村生活排水管理体制构建的整体思路,并提出了相关政策建议。     

MAPGIS在城市排水系统中的初步应用

以MAPGIS平台为基础,结合常州市排水管网管理的实际需求,以组件式开发方式,采用VC 作为开发工具,进行二次开发,建立了排水管网地理信息系统.根据系统设计原则,介绍了常州市排水管理现状,系统的数据来源,系统的结构、功能及其在实际运行管理过程中的应用.系统的建立充分发挥了其对排水管网空间、属性数据的管理能力及配合排水设施养护、管网专业分析的能力.系统运行稳定,管理方便.     

真空排水系统典型泵站的特征分析

在真空排水系统中存在用真空泵和凸轮泵作为形成真空设备的两种典型真空泵站,这两种典型泵站在原理、配置和应用场所方面具有各自的特点,分析对比了两种泵站在密封性、能耗、真空度、通过能力和专有维护项目等方面的不同,指出在具体应用中需要注意的问题。     

谈真空排水系统中的气液比及其与能耗的关系

简述了真空排水系统中气液比的概念。分别说明了室内及室外真空排水系统中气液比的取值范围和选取原则。指出真空排水管网水力设计的最大制约因素在于压力。阐述了气液比对管道压损的作用机理。气液比既是确定真空泵所需抽气量的重要参数,又影响真空泵的能耗。对真空排水系统的能耗做了理论分析,对室内和室外系统的能耗做了推算和比较。     

引子渡水电站技术供排水系统设计优化探讨

水电站的技术供排水系统虽属于辅助设备,但运行的安全可靠性与水轮发电机组的运行和厂房的安全有着紧密的联系。本文就引子渡水电站技术供排水系统的设计,并结合生产运行实际,对其设计的安全可靠性、运行操作的灵活性,以及该系统投资的经济性等问题进行分析和探讨,并提出了优化方案。     

Automation model of sewerage rehabilitation planning.

The major steps of sewerage rehabilitation include inspection of sewerage, assessment of structural conditions, computation of structural condition grades, and determination of rehabilitation methods and materials. Conventionally, sewerage rehabilitation planning relies on experts with professional background that is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes an automation model of planning optimal sewerage rehabilitation strategies for the sewer system by integrating image process, clustering technology, optimization, and visualization display. Firstly, image processing techniques, such as wavelet transformation and co-occurrence features extraction, were employed to extract various characteristics of structural failures from CCTV inspection images. Secondly, a classification neural network was established to automatically interpret the structural conditions by comparing the extracted features with the typical failures in a databank. Then, to achieve optimal rehabilitation efficiency, a genetic algorithm was used to determine appropriate rehabilitation methods and substitution materials for the pipe sections with a risk of mal-function and even collapse. Finally, the result from the automation model can be visualized in a geographic information system in which essential information of the sewer system and sewerage rehabilitation plans are graphically displayed. For demonstration, the automation model of optimal sewerage rehabilitation planning was applied to a sewer system in east Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.     

排水泵站远程监控的解决方案

结合排水泵站的特点及其对远程监控的需求,设计了武汉市城市排水泵站远程监控方案。将无线通信技术、互联网技术和自动化监控系统进行有机结合,采用GPRS无线通信技术和Internet技术传输现场数据,并对指挥中心监控画面基于Web的B/S(Brower/Server)模式进行发布,不仅在泵站指挥中心可以实时监控多个泵站,而且多用户可以通过互联网同时监控各个泵站的运行工况。     

Innovative sewerage solutions for small rural towns.

The development and implementation of alternative wastewater servicing approaches in rural communities in Australia appears more feasible than in larger urban developments as many rural centres rely on septic tanks and surface discharge of greywater. This method of disposal creates many environmental, social and economic issues and is seen to limit potential for growth in many towns. This paper describes a generic methodology for the selection of innovative sewerage options for six regional towns in Victoria, Australia. The method includes consultation with stakeholders, multi-criteria assessment and concept design of the most favourable option. Despite the broad range of initial wastewater servicing options presented which included cluster-scale systems, upgrade of existing systems, greywater reuse and alternative collection, the outcome for five of the six towns was a modified centralised collection system as the preferred option. Lack of robust and reliable data on the human health risks and environmental impacts of alternative systems were identified as the primary data gaps in the sustainability assessment. In addition, biases in the assessment method due to stakeholder perceptions were found to be an additional issue.     

SWMM在城市排水管网分析中的应用

采用暴雨管理模型(SWMM)对深圳市福田河流域的排水管网进行分析。将一次实际降雨情境、深圳市暴雨强度公式中T=1、3情境作为输入,进行模拟计算。结果显示,福田河流域的排水管网中,三种情境中,分别有5.6%、7.8%、10.2%的检查井发生溢流,溢流时间最长分别为2.53 h、2.89 h、3.07 h,发生满流管道比例分别为12.4%,13.3%和16.0%。部分瓶颈地区,对系统的排水造成一定的影响。     

对规范“建筑物内排水系统污废分流”条文规定的探讨

就<建筑给水排水设计规范>(GB 50015-2003)4.1.2条及相应条文说明中污废合(分)流的依据和解释进行探讨,认为化粪池是否存在是决定排水系统设计时污、废是否分流的最重要因素,建筑物使用性质对卫生标准的要求不宜成为主导污废合(分)流的设计依据.     

低标排水系统改造工程与完善城市雨污水管理

中国的快速城市化给城市雨污水管理带来了巨大挑战。新师大地区原是上海市低标排水系统之一,通过改造工程的建设,提高了城市排涝能力,与此同时,大幅削减了初期雨水和污染物向苏州河的溢流。详细介绍了改造工程排水系统管道、合流泵站和调蓄池的设计,并分析了调蓄池的工程效益和运行模式,同时探讨了与此工程相关的低标系统改造原则和可用方案,以及进一步完善城市雨污水管理的综合方法。     

排水管网系统平面布置的优化设计研究

根据最小生成树理论,考虑网络权值变化对生成树的影响,采用无向图对排水管网系统平面布置优化设计方法进行了研究。研究结果用于广东省某镇的污水处理厂选址和管网系统平面布置的优化设计,应用结果表明,该方案可节省约8%的工程总投资,对实际工程设计具有重要的指导意义。     

Radar-based alert system to operate a sewerage network: relevance and operational effectiveness after several years of use.

Since January 2000, the sewerage network of a very urbanised catchment area in the Greater Nancy Urban Community has been operated according to the alarms generated in real time by a storm alert system using weather radar data. This alert system is based on an automatic identification of intense rain cells in the radar images. This paper presents the characteristics of this alert system and synthesises the main results of two complementary studies realised in 2002 in order to estimate the relevance and the operational effectiveness of the alert system. The first study consisted in an off-line analysis of almost 50,000 intense rain cells detected in four years of historical radar data. The second study was an analysis of the experience feedback after two years of operational use of this alert system. The results of these studies are discussed in function of the initial operational objectives.     

泽雅水库西岸排污工程设计

泽雅水库是温州市城市供水主要来源，库区支流是坑溪上游卫生纸业对水库水源形成较大污染。排污工程不采用传统的管网排污方法，而采用工程措施结合管理的新排污方案，把原来无序排污改为有序集中时间排污，在水库上游建拦污堰坝及排污隧洞，减少工程投资，又能达到排污目的。     

Development and commissioning of decision support tools for sewerage management.

Managing sewerage systems is a highly complex task due to the dynamic nature of the facilities. Their performance strongly depends on the know-how applied by the operators. In order to define optimal operational settings, two decision support tools based on mathematical models have been developed. Moreover, easy-to-use interfaces have been created as well, aiding operators who presumably do not have the necessary skills to use modelling software. The two developed programs simulate the behaviour of both wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and sewer network systems, respectively. They have essentially the same structure, including raw data management and statistical analysis, a simulation layer using the application programming interface of the applied software and a layer responsible for the representation of the obtained results. Four user modes are provided in the two software including the simulation of historical data using the applied and novel operational settings, as well as modes concerning prediction of possible operation periods and updates. Concerning the WWTP software, it was successfully installed in Nantes (France) in June 2004. Moreover, the one managing sewer networks has been deployed in Saint-Malo (France) in January 2005. This paper presents the structure of the developed software and the first results obtained during the commissioning phase.     

我国农村生活排水现状及处理对策建议

在开展农村饮水安全工程建设的同时,不能忽视农村生活排水给农村带来的新问题。未经处理的农村生活污水不仅对饮用水水源地构成潜在威胁,同时也是江河湖泊富营养化的重要原因。通过分析农村生活污水的特点及排放特征,在借鉴国内外农村生活排水处理技术研究进展的基础上,提出了我国农村生活排水处理的对策建议。     

城市污水处理排放标准若干问题的探讨

从污水处理排放标准在污水处理设计及运行过程中所面临的具体问题出发,在污水处理厂规模、取样方法、评价方法及例外原则等方面对排放标准的影响进行讨论,提出了排放标准亟待完善的几个问题。