碳钢在含硫化氢及高压二氧化碳饱和的NaC1溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用自制的高温、高压腐蚀试验及电化学测试装置,通过失重法、电化学极化曲线法及电子探针微观分析等方法,研究了温度、硫化氢浓度对碳钢在高压二氧化碳饱和的３％ＮａＣ１溶液中腐蚀的影响．结果表明：较低温度（８０℃）下,升高温度及增大硫化氢浓度均加速腐蚀反应的阴、阳极过程,失重腐蚀速率增大;高浓度的硫化氢抑制了腐蚀反应的阴极过程;１２０℃时碳钢ＣＯ２腐蚀产物膜对金属基体起很好的保护作用,失重腐蚀速率减小了３－４倍,随硫化氢浓度的增大,失重腐蚀速率缓慢增长,腐蚀产物ＦｅＣＯ３膜逐渐转变为以硫铁化合物为主的腐蚀产物膜．     

碳钢在含硫化氢及高压二氧化碳饱和的NaCl溶液中的腐 …

利用自制的高温、高压腐蚀主电化学测试装置,通过失重法、电化学极化曲线法及电子控针微观分析等方面,研究了温度、硫化氢浓度对碳钢在高压二氧化碳饱和的３％ＮａＣｌ溶液中腐蚀的影响。结果表明：较低温度（８０℃）下,升高温度及增大硫化氢浓度均加速腐蚀反应的阴、阳极过程,失重２蚀速率增大。高浓度的硫化氢抑制了腐蚀反应的阴极过程;１２０℃时碳钢ＣＯ２腐蚀产物膜对在体起很好的保护作用,失重腐蚀速率减小了３～４倍,     

超临界CO2环境中温度和流速对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究超临界CO2环境中温度和流速对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响,探讨N80碳钢在超临界CO2环境中的腐蚀机制。方法利用高压釜进行失重和电化学测试,同时利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行腐蚀形貌观察和腐蚀产物成分分析。结果当温度为40℃时,腐蚀速率最小,电化学阻抗随时间延长持续减小,此条件下并没形成FeCO3保护膜。升高温度导致腐蚀初期的腐蚀速率明显增大,然而腐蚀某个时刻后,电化学阻抗突然增大,意味着FeCO3保护膜的形成。温度越高,腐蚀24 h后的阻抗越大,产物膜越致密,保护性越好。另外,腐蚀失重速率随流速的增加而增大,电化学测试也表明流速越大,阻抗越小,腐蚀电流密度越大。SEM形貌分析表明,流体流动破坏了FeCO3膜的致密度,降低了其对N80碳钢基体的保护作用。结论尽管升高温度加速了N80碳钢的腐蚀,但却有利于保护性FeCO3膜的形成。温度越高,FeCO3膜越致密。流体流动破坏了保护性FeCO3膜的致密性,加速了N80碳钢腐蚀。     

Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响

为了研究Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响,通过挂片失重实验、腐蚀产物膜形貌观察和腐蚀电化学测试,从多角度分析了Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响规律.失重实验表明,20#低碳钢的腐蚀速率随氯离子浓度的增大,出现先增大后逐渐减小的趋势.从腐蚀形貌观测的结果来看,腐蚀产物膜产生由疏松到致密的变化.腐蚀电化学测试则反映出随着Cl-浓度的增大,扩散控制作用逐渐增强以及试样表面活化面积不断的减少.     

H_2S对碳钢在模拟罐底水中腐蚀行为的影响

利用腐蚀失重法、电化学测试、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了Q235碳钢在含H_2S的模拟罐底水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:增加H_2S含量,可以促进碳钢表面的析氢反应,从而增大了碳钢的腐蚀速率;碳钢表面形成由四方硫化亚铁组成的疏松、多孔的腐蚀产物膜;碳钢先后在含H_2S溶液、无H_2S且含溶解氧的溶液中进行二次腐蚀后,其腐蚀产物分为两层,内层主要组成依然是四方硫化亚铁,外层为氧化产物,其中氧化产物的生成导致硫化亚铁膜的破裂与脱落;硫化亚铁膜的存在,对碳钢在含H_2S溶液中的保护性大于其在含溶解氧溶液中的。     

P110S碳钢在高Cl-高酸性气体分压下的腐蚀行为

模拟了西北塔河油田极端苛刻的环境，通过高温高压反应釜模拟试验，失重法、显微组织观察，腐蚀产物物相分析等考察了在高Cl^-含酸性气体条件下，温度和CO₂分压对P110S碳钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明：P110S碳钢的腐蚀速率随着温度的升高先增大后减小再增大，随着CO₂分压的升高先增大后减小，腐蚀速率分别在210℃和CO₂分压8 MPa时达到最大。当温度为150℃或CO₂分压为8 MPa时，FeCO₃晶体开始从溶液中析出，在P110S碳钢表面形成了保护性的产物膜，有效抑制了基体的全面腐蚀，降低了腐蚀速率。此外，溶液中高浓度的Cl^-极易导致产物膜发生剥落与破裂，造成严重的点蚀。     

高温气相条件下硫酸氢铵与硫酸铵对20#碳钢的腐蚀行为研究

通过失重法研究了20#碳钢在含有硫酸氢铵(ABS)和硫酸铵(AS)高温气相中的腐蚀行为。采用SEM/EDS和XRD表征手段分析了腐蚀后碳钢试片的微观形貌变化及腐蚀产物的物相组成。结果表明:在108~282℃范围内,ABS和AS均对碳钢有腐蚀性,ABS的腐蚀性更为严重;随着ABS和AS浓度的增大,腐蚀速率加快;随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率减缓。推测腐蚀机理为:由于ABS和AS溶液的酸性,碳钢主要发生H~+的酸性腐蚀,亦存在氧腐蚀;阳极反应生成的Fe~(2+)发生系列次生反应生成Fe的氧化物,并且Fe2O_3、Fe_3O_4与硫酸铵盐发生相互作用生成(NH_4)Fe(SO_4)_2等复盐。     

P110钢盐酸酸化缓蚀剂QL-1的合成及应用性能

选用非离子表面活性剂平平加-O溶液作为合成反应的溶剂,喹啉和卤代烃经季铵化反应合成一种喹啉季铵盐酸化缓蚀剂QL-1。借助红外光谱仪对合成产物结构进行了表征,并采用静态失重法和电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗法对药剂QL-1进行了缓蚀性能评价及电化学机理分析。红外光谱分析证明了该产物分子结构符合预先设定结构。静态失重法结果表明,随着该缓蚀剂浓度的增加,P110钢试片在15%和20%盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率随之减小;随腐蚀时间的延长和腐蚀温度的升高,P110钢试片在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率均逐渐增大。电化学交流阻抗谱和极化曲线结果表明,该缓蚀剂在P110钢表面形成了明显的保护性膜,并且是一种以抑制阴极反应过程为主、作用机理属于"负催化效应"的混合型缓蚀剂。     

高含H2S/CO2环境中套管钢腐蚀行为与腐蚀产物膜关系

研究了在高含H1S/CO2环境中腐蚀产物膜在套管钢腐蚀过程中作用.通过模拟某气田井下腐蚀环境,采用失重腐蚀方法研究了NT80ss和L80钢钢在1.5MPu、30～120℃环境中腐蚀规律,并采用电化学交流阻抗(EIS)技术和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了腐蚀产物膜和腐蚀行为的关系.结果表明:60℃为NT80ss和L80钢腐蚀的临界温度,低于60℃时.随温度增加,腐蚀速率降低,高于60℃时,腐蚀速率随温度增加而增大;与其它温度相比,在60℃环境中NT80ss和L80钢腐蚀产物膜的阻抗能力最强、膜的致密性最好,相应腐蚀速率最低.     

干湿交替环境状态对碳钢海洋腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究干湿交替海水环境对碳钢腐蚀速率的影响。方法以青岛小麦岛海域海水为试验介质,使用周期间浸设备,以60 min为一个循环,在浸没/干燥时间分别为10 min/50 min、20 min/40 min、30 min/30 min三种不同干湿比的干湿交替条件下,对碳钢试片和电化学试样分别试验3、7、14、21、28 d后取出。通过失重法和电化学测试方法,研究了腐蚀速率的变化情况,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究了腐蚀产物成分、腐蚀产物形貌和除锈后的腐蚀形貌。结果失重法和电化学方法表明,碳钢在三种干湿比条件下的腐蚀速率为全浸条件下的3～8倍,且碳钢的腐蚀速率随着干湿比的增大而增大,但是增大的幅度越来越小。随着干湿比的增大,碳钢表面生成的锈层变薄,腐蚀产物中γ-FOOH和氧的含量升高,Fe_3O_4的含量降低。结论干湿交替环境的干湿比越大,对碳钢腐蚀的加速作用越显著,且这一加速作用存在极大值。     

温度、Cl-浓度、Cr元素对N80钢CO2腐蚀电极过程的影响

利用电化学阻抗技术研究了温度、Cl^-浓度、Cr元素对N80钢CO2腐蚀电极过程的影响，结果表明，随着温度的升高，CO2腐蚀的阴极、阳极电极反应速率会明显增大，与此同时，温度的升高又容易使腐蚀产物膜在试样表面形成，对基体金属起到一定的保护作用，增加介质中的Cl^-浓度，会使阳极溶解速率先增加，后减小；阴极还原速率则缓慢减小；同时，Cl^-还会破坏腐蚀产物膜在试样表面的覆盖，N80钢加入Cr元素以后，CO2腐蚀阴极、阳极反应速率降低，材料具有一定的抗CO2腐蚀能力。     

硫离子对碳钢腐蚀性的影响

利用恒电位极化法研究了45#碳钢在Na2S溶液中的电化学行为，用失重法研究了45＃碳钢在不同温度、不同浓度Na2S溶液中的腐蚀速率，采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察其表面的腐蚀形貌.结果表明：在极化电位较低时，腐蚀过程为电化学控制，当电位升高到-0.4 V以后，出现了极限传质扩散区；在同一质量分数Na2S溶液中，温度升高加速了腐蚀反应的阳极过程；45＃碳钢在Na2S溶液中腐蚀速率随Na2S质量分数的增加，先降低后升高；Na2S含量较低时，腐蚀主要为点蚀，Na2S含量较高时，为均匀腐蚀.      

Korrosionselektrochemisches Verhalten von Eisen-Nickel-Legierungen in sauren Sulfidlösungen

Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of iron-nickel alloys in acidic sulphide solutions Using the polarization resistance method and potential dynamic polarsation measurements the influence of hydrogen sulfide on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of iron nickel alloys in sulfuric acid media has been studied. It has been found that hydrogen sulfide has a stimulating effect on corrosion rates. This effect depends on the solution pH and on the composition and structure of the alloys and is not announced in the case of alloys with higher nickel content. It has been shown that the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the solution influences the anodic metal dissolution reaction as well as the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. The differences in the electrochemical behaviour of the two FeNi alloys (having α- and γ-phase structures) can be observed only in the case of the cathodic reaction. According to the results of AAA it has been found that the presence of hydrogen sulfide in sulfuric acid media does not give rise to the selective dissolution of the alloy components.     

锌在KOH溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

用电化学方法研究了锌在浓ＫＯＨ溶液中的电化学行为，得出了锌在浓碱液中的电化学反应机理。利用弱极化曲线拟合法得出了锌的腐蚀速度与ＫＯＨ浓度的关系。     

Effect of Strain Rate on Cathodic Reaction During Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel in a Near-Neutral pH Solution

The effect of strain rate on cathodic reactions of X70 pipeline steel during stress corrosion cracking in a near-neutral pH solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscope and potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements as well as slow strain rate tests. A local additional potential model was used to understand mechanistically the role of strain rate in electrochemical cathodic reaction. It was found that an application of elastic stress would not affect the electrochemical stable state of the steel specimen at a macroscopic scale. Under a weak cathodic polarization, the interfacial charge-transfer process occurring on steel contains both cathodic and anodic reactions. Since the anodic reaction process is still significant, localized dissolution could occur even at such a cathodic potential, resulting in generation of corrosion pits. These pits could be the start sites to initiate stress corrosion cracks. Strain rate affects the corrosion reaction, which is associated with the generation of dislocation emergence points and slip steps on the specimen surface, resulting in a negative local additional potential to enhance the cathodic reaction locally.     

温度对N80和KO80SS钢在饱和CO_2地层水中电化学腐蚀的影响

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究温度对N80和K080SS钢在饱和CO2地层水中电化学腐蚀阴阳极过程的影响.结果表明:N80钢和KO80SS钢随成膜温度的升高,腐蚀加剧,腐蚀电位下的电极反应速度分别由阳极和阴极控制.在30℃条件下N80钢的阳极交流阻抗谱显示活化区与腐蚀产物膜覆盖区并存,基体处于腐蚀状态;温度达到60和90℃时.N80钢腐蚀产物膜基本完全覆盖基体表面,KO80SS钢生成的腐蚀产物膜完整均匀;两种钢的阳极腐蚀均受活化控制.两种钢的阴极腐蚀反应均同时受扩散和活化控制,阴极反应以H2CO3、HCO-3的还原为主,H+的还原占从属地位.     

J55钢在Cl^-／HCO3^-体系中的腐蚀行为

用动电位极化法和交流阻抗谱技术(EIS)研究了J55钢在不同浓度NaCl溶液、NaHCO3/NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并分析了相关电化学参数随Cl-/HCO3浓度及腐蚀时间的变化规律.结果表明,Cl-浓度的增加不但可以促进阳极反应,而且对阴极反应速度也有一定影响;其在不同浓度NaCl溶液中测得的容抗弧都会发生末端收缩现象.随着NaCl溶液中NaHCO3含量的增加,阳极极化曲线上的钝化现象越来越明显,EIS中容抗弧的半径也逐渐增大,表明J55钢基体表面生成钝化膜的能力增强,J55钢在NaCl/NaHCO3体系中的腐蚀阻力增大,抗均匀腐蚀的能力增强,均匀腐蚀速率减小.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in a near‐neutral pH solution

In this work, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a near‐neutral pH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIC) and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) measurements as well as X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The effects of hydrogen‐charging and stress were considered. The results show that the steel is in an active dissolution state, and a layer of corrosion product is formed and deposited on the electrode surface, which is subjected to further oxidation to form ferric oxide and hydroxide. Photo‐illumination enhances anodic dissolution of the steel when it is under anodic polarization due to destroying of the corrosion product film. When the steel is under cathodic polarization, the cathodic current density decreases upon laser illumination due to the photo‐oxidation of hydrogen atoms generated during cathodic reactions, which behaves as an anodic reaction to offset the cathodic current density. Hydrogen‐charging and stress decrease the corrosion resistance of the steel and enhance the dissolution rate of the steel.     

元素硫对特高含H2S气井用油管钢的腐蚀

用电化学方法研究了特高含硫化氢气井所用油管钢在含硫磺的5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为,湿态硫磺作为一种阴极去极化剂促进材料的腐蚀,腐蚀速度随硫磺含量增加而增加,且存在浓度极值。升温同样可促进硫磺对材料的腐蚀,不同温度腐蚀机理不同。     

Electrochemical corrosion of X65 pipe steel in oil/water emulsion

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel in the simulated oil/water emulsion was investigated under controlled hydrodynamic and electrochemical conditions by rotating disk electrode technique. Results demonstrated that mass-transfer of oxygen plays a significant role in the cathodic process of steel in both oil-free and oil-containing solutions. Electrode rotation accelerates the oxygen diffusion and thus the cathodic reduction. The higher limiting diffusive current density measured in oil-containing solution is due to the elevated solubility of oxygen in oil/water emulsion. The anodic current density decreases with the increase of electrode rotating speed, which is attributed to the accelerated oxygen diffusion and reduction, enhancing the steel oxidation. Addition of oil decreases the anodic dissolution of steel due to the formation of a layer of oily phase on steel surface, increasing the reaction activation energy. The steel electrode becomes more active at the elevated temperature, indicating that the enhanced formation of oxide scale is not sufficiently enough to offset the effect resulting from the enhanced anodic dissolution reaction kinetics. The corrosion reaction mechanism is changed upon oil addition, and the interfacial reaction is activation-controlled, rather than mass-transfer controlled. When sand particles are added in oil/water emulsion, there is a significant increase of corrosion of the steel. The presence of sands in the flowing slurry would impact and damage the oxide film and oily film formed on the steel surface, exposing the bare steel to the corrosive solution.