不同混凝剂对马铃薯淀粉废水混凝效果的影响

用混凝剂Fe2(SO4)3、PAC、PFSS、PAFC处理马铃薯淀粉废水,研究了混凝剂的种类、投药量、废水pH值、助凝剂PAM的投加量以及沉降时间等对混凝效果的影响。结果表明,混凝沉淀法预处理马铃薯淀粉废水优选混凝条件为:pH为7,混凝剂PAFC为1 200 mg/L,助凝剂PAM为5 mg/L,沉降25 m in。在此条件下,废水的浊度、COD去除率分别达97.27%及40.55%。投药量明显减少,而沉积物产量较高,为后续生化处理提供了有利条件。     

用PAC与PAM复合絮凝剂处理印染废水

利用正交试验设计，研究用混凝剂聚合氯化铝PAC及助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺PAM对高浓度印染废水进行混凝处理。考察了混凝剂的投加量、助凝剂的用量、溶液的pH值、混凝时间、混凝温度对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明PAC PAM在溶液pH值为5，PAC投加量为1000mg／L，PAM的用量为12mg／L，温度为40℃，搅拌时间为5min时，对印染废水处理得到较为满意的效果，COD的去除率为85％左右，经处理后水的透光率可达80％以上。     

含阳离子染料的废水混凝处理研究

通过正交试验研究分别用混凝剂PAC、Al2穴SO4雪3与助凝剂PAM复配对阳离子染料废水进行混凝处理。考察了混凝剂的投加量、助凝剂的用量、溶液的pH值、混凝时间对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明:混凝剂选用Al2穴SO4雪3效果比PAC好,在溶液pH值为8,Al2穴SO4雪3投加量为750mg/L,PAM的用量为4mg/L,搅拌时间0.5min时,对废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率达67.8%以上。     

腈纶印染废水的处理研究

通过正交实验研究，分别用混凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、FeSO4与助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配出对腈纶印染废水进行混凝处理的混凝剂。考察了混凝剂的投加量、助凝剂的用量、溶液的pH值、混凝时间对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明，混凝剂选用FeSO4比PFS好，在溶液pH值为9、FeSO4投加量为1250mg／L、PAM的用量为3mg／L、搅拌时间3min时，得到对废水处理较为满意的效果，COD的去除率达70％以上。     

煤矿井下废水强化混凝特性研究

对多家煤矿井下废水进行了采样分析,并对典型水样进行了混凝特性试验,考察了水样初始p H值、混凝剂投加量以及助凝剂投加量对混凝效果的影响。试验结果表明,偏酸性有助于PAC混凝效果的发挥。对浊度为1 395 NTU、SS的质量浓度为448 mg/L的煤矿井下废水,在PAC投加量为100 mg/L时,混凝对水样浊度和SS的去除率分别达到99.3%和95.5%。助凝剂PAM的加入对水样Zeta电位和电导率作用不显著,但能通过吸附架桥作用在PAC投加量较小时促进水中颗粒的沉降。当PAC投加量为40 mg/L,PAM投加量为2 mg/L时,对水中浊度和SS的去除率分别达到99.4%和96.9%。     

聚合硫酸铝铁和PAM复合混凝剂处理造纸废水的研究

利用正交试验的方法对造纸废水的混凝处理最佳试验条件进行了研究。通过聚合硫酸铝铁PAFS和助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺PAM对造纸废水处理效果的研究,表明在溶液pH值为5,PFS投加量为1000mg/L,PAM的用量为2.5mg/L,温度为20℃,搅拌时间20min时,对造纸废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率为80%左右。     

钻井泥浆废水混凝处理实验研究

以天津某钻井作业场地泥浆废水为研究对象,研究了不同混凝剂(FeSO4、PAC、PFS)、混凝剂投加量、初始pH,助凝剂PAM的投加对混凝处理后上清液浊度、TOC和泥浆沉降比的影响,优化确定了混凝处理的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,PAC对泥浆废水混凝处理的效果优于FeSO4和PFS,当PAC投加量为200 mg/L,废水初始pH为10.0时,混凝处理静置30 min后,上清液浊度可降至38.3 NTU,TOC去除率可达91.5%,处理药剂成本约为0.52元/t,具有较好的应用可行性。此外,虽然PAM的投加能够降低泥浆沉降比,但会造成上清液浊度升高。     

废水处理工艺改造研究

首先利用正交法设计研究分别用混凝剂FeCl3、PFAS、Al2（SO4）3、PAC、FeSO4、PFS与助凝剂PAM复配对印染废水进行混凝处理。考察了混凝剂的投加量、助凝剂的用量、溶液的pH值、混凝时间对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明：针对这种废水混凝剂选用FeSO4最好,在溶液pH值为8-9,FeSO4投加量为800mg／L,PAM的用量为3mg／L,搅拌时间3min时,对废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率达70％以上。然后采用SBR工艺处理印染废水,出水稳定并达到纺织染整工业水污染排放标准（GB4287—92）中的一级A标准。     

煤矿矿井废水混凝处理工艺条件研究

以煤矿矿井废水为研究对象．进行混凝处理试验研究。采用单因素试验考察了PAC和PAM投加量、pH值对浊度去除率的影响,采用正交试验方法选择了混凝处理的最佳水力条件和最佳工艺条件。结果表明：PAC和PAM投加量、pH值对浊度去除率均有不同程度的影响;在不调节矿井废水pH值的情况下,最佳水力条件为快速搅拌速率为200r／min,时间为2min;慢速搅拌速率为30r／min,时间为20min;最佳工艺条件为PAC的投加量约为60mg／L,PAM的投加量约为0．8mg／L,二者联合使用对浊度的去除率高达95％以上。     

橡胶促进剂NS废水预处理实验研究

橡胶促进剂NS生产废水采用酸化吹脱-混凝法进行预处理,考察废水pH、吹脱时间以及混凝剂种类、投加量、助凝剂投加量和混凝pH等对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,酸化吹脱-混凝法处理该废水的最佳酸化pH值为3,吹脱时间为120 min;最佳混凝剂为PFS(聚合硫酸铁),投加量1 400 mg/L,混凝pH值为7,助凝剂PAM 14 mg/L。酸化吹脱及混凝处理后,出水COD去除率值为53.75%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。