基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的旋转机械故障诊断

矢谱融合了转子同源双通道的信息,能准确反映转子运动状态．粗糙集理论是一种对决策表进行简化,去除冗余属性的数据分析和处理方法．提出了基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的旋转机械故障诊断方法．计算了旋转机械振动4种典型故障的矢谱征兆,使用粗糙集理论对其进行约简,根据约简的结果生成矢谱诊断规则,并利用得到的规则对故障测试样本进行了诊断．结果表明：相对于单通道数据,基于矢谱和粗糙集理论的故障诊断不仅简化了诊断规则,而且明显提高了故障诊断的准确率．     

基于信息熵属性约简的航空发动机故障诊断

针对不协调信息条件下的航空发动机故障诊断问题,研究了基于信息熵属性约简的故障诊断方法。首先定义了故障诊断信息系统来描述不协调故障样本数据,针对基本粗糙集模型分类能力不足的问题,引入变精度粗糙集模型处理不协调诊断信息系统;然后针对现有条件熵不能区分不确定性规则的缺陷,提出了变精度条件熵作为属性重要度的度量标准,设计了启发式属性约简算法,提取故障诊断规则。将该方法用于航空发动机故障诊断,验证了该方法可有效处理不协调信息,显著提高了航空发动机故障诊断的准确率。     

Fault diagnosis of multistage manufacturing systems based on rough set approach

Multistage manufacturing systems (MMS) have been investigated extensively. However, quality and dimensional problems are still one of the most important research topics, especially rapid diagnosis of dimensional failures is of critical concern. Due to the knowledge and experience intension nature of fault diagnosis, the diagnostic results depend on the preference of the decision makers on the hidden relations between possible faults and presented symptoms. In this paper, a rough set-based fault diagnosis method is proposed, and a rapid fault diagnosis system with rough set is developed. The novel approach uses rough sets theory as a knowledge extraction tool to deal with the data that are obtained from both sensors and statistical process control charts and then extracts a set of minimal diagnostic rules encoding the preference pattern of decision making by experts in the field. By means of knowledge acquisition, the machining process failures in MMS can then be identified. A practical system is presented to illustrate the efficiency and effectivity of our method.     

基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于粗集理论的往复泵泵阀故障诊断方法。该方法可以直接从经过小波包处理的泵阀振动信号中提取故障诊断观测，并由此建立基于规则的泵阀故障诊断系统，该系统不仅可以对发生故障的单个泵阀进行诊断，而且还能对同时发生故障的多个泵阀进行诊断，试验结果表明了这种方法的有效性。这种方法的可行性也为其它复杂机械的故障诊断提供了新思路。     

船舶故障诊断系统研究

以机舱监控系统研发为背景,给出了船舶故障诊断系统的总体框架,详细阐述了船舶故障的分类表示。提出了一种基于粗糙集的数据预处理算法,实现了采集实时数据的约简,得到最小的故障诊断数据的约简集,提高了故障诊断的准确性及效率。     

基于粗糙集的逻辑故障树方法及其应用

故障树是一种分析复杂系统可靠性、诊断系统故障的有效方法。在传统的故障树方法中 ,故障树的生成通常靠人工完成。故障知识的获取以及故障树结构的确定一直是有待解决的瓶颈问题。这里结合粗糙集、专家系统及人工智能等理论 ,提出了构造逻辑故障树进行故障诊断的方法并给出了相应的故障树评价标准。这种方法利用粗糙集对知识系统的知识发现和知识提取能力 ,从系统运行状态样本中建立基于知识的故障树模型。通过实例讨论了如何运用该方法对工业监控过程进行故障建模 ,检测系统运行过程中所发生的故障。     

面向可重组制造系统的快速诊断技术研究

在分析现有质量控制技术的基础上,提出了面向可重组制造系统故障诊断的架构和一种基于粗糙集故障诊断的方法。该方法利用传统统计过程控制数据,并结合现场传感器数据作为数据源,以粗糙集为知识获取工具进行数据处理,得到最小规则集,最终得到故障诊断结果。以一个实例验证了设计方案的有效性。     

基于粗糙集-BP神经网络的垃圾破碎机故障诊断

针对目前垃圾破碎机故障诊断效率低的问题,设计了一种基于粗糙集理论与BP神经网络的故障诊断系统。结合粗糙集理论和BP神经网络的优点,首先利用粗糙集对原始故障诊断样本进行处理,然后对条件属性进行约简,删除冗余的信息,减少神经网络输入端的数据,从而简化神经网络的结构。并将基于粗糙集-BP神经网络的故障诊断系统对垃圾破碎机进行故障诊断。利用粗糙集对故障知识进行约简,简化BP神经网络结构,提高故障诊断的速度及准确度。将此方法应用于某型号垃圾破碎机的故障诊断中,诊断结果表明所提诊断方法可简化神经网络结构,提高诊断效率。     

A Rough Set Approach to the Ordering of Basic Events in a Fault Tree for Fault Diagnosis

The performance of manufacturing systems or equipment is, to a great extent, dependent upon the condition of their components. Closely monitoring the condition of the critical components and carrying out timely system diagnosis whenever a fault symptom is detected would help to reduce system downtime and improve overall productivity. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a powerful tool for reliability studies and risk assessment. However, most research on FTA focuses on the generation of minimum cut sets and how to calculate the probability of main events. As a result, the issue concerning the ordering of basic events in a fault tree has been largely neglected. In this paper, a novel approach based on rough set theory and a pairwise comparison table for fault diagnosis is proposed. The approach attempts to learn from the pattern of decision-making by domain experts from past experience and uses the knowledge acquired, which is in the form of a minimum decision rule set, to determine the ordering of basic events in a fault tree. The details of the approach, together with the basic concepts of rough set theory, are presented. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed approach. Results show that a reasonable ordering of basic events in a fault tree can be generated easily. With the ordering of basic events determined, a maintenance engineer in a manufacturing plant can then carry out fault diagnosis in an efficient and orderly manner.     

Data mining diagnosis system based on rough set theory for boilers in thermal power plants

Large amounts of data in the SCADA systems’ databases of thermal power plants have been used for monitoring, control and over-limit alarm, but not for fault diagnosis. Additional tests are often required from the technology support center of manufacturing companies to diagnose faults for large-scale equipment, although these tests are often expensive and involve some risks to equipment. Aimed at difficulties in fault diagnosis for boilers in thermal power plants, a hybrid-intelligence data-mining system based only on acquired data in SCADA systems is structured to extract hidden diagnosis information directly from the SCADA systems’ databases in thermal power plants. This makes it possible to eliminate additional tests for fault diagnosis. In the system, a focusing quantization algorithm is proposed to discretize all variables in the preparation set to improve resolution near the change between normal value to abnormal value. A reduction algorithm based on rough set theory is designed to find minimum reducts from all discrete variables in the preparation set to represent diagnosis rules succinctly. The diagnosis rules mining from SCADA systems’ database are expressed directly by variables in the database, making it easy for engineers to understand and use in industry applications. A boiler fault diagnosis system is designed and realized by the proposed approach, its running results in a thermal power plant of Guangdong Province show that the system can satisfy fault diagnosis requirement of large-scale boilers and its accuracy rangers from 91% to 98% in different months.     

Rough set based rule learning and fuzzy classification of wavelet features for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump

The fault diagnosis problem is conceived as a classification problem. In the present study, vibration signals are used for fault diagnosis of centrifugal pumps using wavelet analysis. Rough set theory is applied to generate the rules from the vibration signals. Based on the strength of the rules the faults are identified. The different faults considered for this study are: pump at good condition, cavitation, pump with faulty impeller, pump with faulty bearing and pump with both faulty bearing and impeller. However, the classification accuracy is based on the strength and number of rules generated using rough set theory. Wavelet features are computed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) from the vibration signals and rules are generated using rough sets and classified using fuzzy logic. The results are presented in the form of confusion matrix which shows the classification capability of wavelet features with rough set and fuzzy logic for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump.     

设备故障智能诊断方法的研究

模糊聚类、粗糙集理论、灰色系统理论等相关技术曾被广泛应用于设备故障诊断中,但是模糊聚类只能对已知样本做出决策,不具有柔性,不能通过已知信息和聚类结果对问题所涉及领域内的新样本的类别做出决策;粗糙集理论不能处理连续变量;而灰色系统理论无法去除故障诊断中冗余的特征参数,不能区分各特征参数的重要性,因而制约了它们在故障诊断中的应用.在本文中,这几种理论被有机地结合起来,应用于设备故障诊断中.在故障诊断过程中,首先利用模糊c均值聚类对样本的参数进行离散化处理,求得各类别的聚类中心,接着基于粗糙集原理对设备特征参数进行约简,去除冗余参数,定量确定各特征参数的重要程度,然后根据约简的特征参数和各参数的重要程度,利用灰色关联分析的方法确定各种标准故障状态与目前设备状态的关联度,从而找到设备的故障所在之处.在本文最后部分通过实例证明,将模糊c均值聚类、粗糙集理论和灰色系统理论结合起来,应用于设备的故障诊断中是一种行之有效的方法,为智能故障诊断提供了理论基础.     

基于粗糙集与支持向量机的电动机转子断条故障诊断

提出了一种基于粗糙集与支持向量机的电动机转子断条故障诊断方法。首先将电动机在不同故障状态下的振动信号离散化,再应用粗糙集软件rosetta对数据进行进一步的约简,得到约简后的数据应用于支持向量机的训练从而得到基于支持向量机的多分类器。实验证明:该方法检测电动机的转子断条故障是可行的。     

基于粗糙集理论的状态监测与故障诊断

为了提高监测诊断的效率和自动化、智能化水平,将粗糙集理论引入到复杂装备系统状态监测与故障诊断领域.运用基于粗糙集理论的监测参数与故障特征约简算法,对发动机监测诊断过程中大量的冗余特征进行压缩或约简,实现发动机技术状态监测参数的优选;并针对故障点建立决策表,利用粗糙集约简所获得的诊断规则进行智能故障诊断.实例表明:粗糙集监测诊断方法不仅大大减少了特征信息提取的工作量,也为在故障诊断中实现自主式学习和决策提供了很大的便利.     

基于粗糙集理论的变压器故障诊断专家系统研究

在传统的变压器故障诊断专家系统的基础上 ,引入粗糙集理论以解决专家系统较难获取完备知识的瓶颈问题。该系统从历史故障数据所形成的决策表出发 ,运用粗糙集理论进行约简 ,构建专家系统知识库模型。通过计算规则隶属粗糙度 ,来表示诊断规则的置信程度。利用推理机和故障事例库 ,实现对知识库的动态维护。     

基于粗糙集理论的状态监测与故障诊断

为了提高监测诊断的效率和自动化、智能化水平,将粗糙集理论引入到复杂装备系统状态监测与故障诊断领域.运用基于粗糙集理论的监测参数与故障特征约简算法,对发动机监测诊断过程中大量的冗余特征进行压缩或约简,实现发动机技术状态监测参数的优选;并针对故障点建立决策表,利用粗糙集约简所获得的诊断规则进行智能故障诊断.实例表明粗糙集监测诊断方法不仅大大减少了特征信息提取的工作量,也为在故障诊断中实现自主式学习和决策提供了很大的便利.     

粗糙集理论在旋转机械实时故障诊断中的应用

根据旋转机械实时故障诊断的实际需求,引入粗糙集理论中的决策模型,作为典型故障诊断规则的发现工具。并针对故障信号的非平稳性和诊断分析的实时性要求,采用小波包分析(WPA)作为现场数据的频域段特征的提取工具。并首次将小波包分析(WPA)与粗糙集理论的决策模型相结合,提出了适应于现代机械设备在线诊断的故障分析模型WRS。并通过实例,验证了全过程。     

基于粗集理论的高精度伺服仿真转台故障诊断研究

介绍了粗集理论基本原理，详述了某型高精度伺服仿真转台机电控制系统的实现方案。将粗集理论应用于该仿真转台的故障诊断，提出的策略以决策表为主要工具，直接从故障样本集中导出诊断规则，并揭示了仿真转台故障信息内在冗余性。实际应用表明了用粗集理论对高精度伺服仿真转台进行故障诊断的有效性和可靠性。在该高精度伺服仿真转台上已完成多项含实物实时仿真综合试验任务。     

基于广义粗糙集与神经网络集成的旋转机械故障诊断研究

故障诊断规则中判断条件的冗余、不完全和不确定性不利于实际应用。采用广义粗糙集理论对旋转机械振动故障诊断的非完备决策系统进行了约简 ,得到了更为简明的最优诊断规则 ;根据约简结果 ,建立了基于神经网络的故障诊断系统 ;网络的训练对比结果表明 ,基于粗糙集理论的约简处理简化了神经网络结构 ,提高了网络的训练效率 ;以诊断实例验证了广义粗糙集理论与神经网络集成进行故障诊断的可行性     

非理想数据下基于仿真数据辅助迁移学习的滚动轴承故障诊断

旋转机械在实际工程应用中常处于正常状态,因而呈现故障样本稀少甚至部分缺失等非理想数据情况。针对直接采用非理想数据建立深度学习诊断模型时的低准确率问题,提出基于有限元仿真数据辅助迁移学习的故障诊断方法。首先,通过数值仿真计算不同运行工况和故障类型的轴承信号;进而,利用大量低成本高保真的仿真样本对模型预训练,利用真实小样本或者仿真样本增补后的混合样本进行模型微调,以完成高准确率故障诊断,并降低迁移学习对故障轴承实测数据的依赖;最后,利用两个轴承实验台数据进行验证。结果表明在单类故障样本数为1时,采用所提方法建立的模型准确率超过95%;在故障样本稀少且多类缺失时,准确率比仿真数据直接增补方式提升超10%。