Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊接头的抗剪强度及组织性能

采用真空扩散焊技术对Fe，Al金属间化合物与Q235低碳钢进行了焊接。用拉压试验机测定了不同焊接工艺参数下Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊接头的抗剪强度，用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Fe，Al／Q235扩散焊接头的组织性能，提出了合适的扩散焊接工艺参数。试验结果表明，加热温度1040～l060℃、保温时间45～60min，并保持焊接件不变形的情况下(压力p=12～15MPa)，可以获得组织性能良好的Fe3Al／Q235扩散焊接头。     

Fe3Al/18-8扩散焊接头的组织特征分析

采用扫描电镜，X射线衍射仪和透射电镜分析了Fe3Al／18-8扩散焊接头的显微组织特征。结果表明，加热温度1040℃、保温时间60min、焊接压力15MPa时获得的Fe3Al／18-8扩散焊接头抗剪强度达226MPa。接头处形成具有三个扩散反应层的过渡区，其相结构依次由(FeAl Fe3Al)、Ni3Al相和α-Fe(Al)固溶体组成。显微硬度峰值为610HM，不存在FeAl2(820HM)、Fe2Al5(990HM)和FeAl3(1030HM)等脆性相，有利于保证Fe3Al／18-8扩散焊接头的组织性能。     

Fe3Al/Q235异种材料扩散焊工艺

探讨了Fe3Al／Q235异种材料扩散焊合适的焊接工艺，利用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计观察测量了Fe3Al／Q235真空扩散焊接头形态及显微硬度分布，分析了工艺参数对接头性能的影响。结果表明，真空扩散焊加热温度1080℃，加压9．8MPa，保温60min得到的Fe3Al／Q235接头界面结合良好，在扩散界面无明显脆硬相出现，有利于避免接头处出现裂纹，改善Fe3Al／Q235焊接接头的性能。     

Fe3Al/18-8扩散焊接头热处理后组织性能的变化

采用不同的热处理工艺对FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头进行热处理,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试手段对热处理后的组织性能进行了分析。试验结果表明：经过焊后热处理的FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头组织更加均匀,扩散过渡区中弥散分布有第二相析出物,合理的焊后热处理工艺为：加热温度800℃、保温时间30min、炉冷至700℃再空冷。热处理后FeAl／18—8扩散焊接头的显微硬度降低．没有出现高硬度脆性相。     

压焊

AZ31镁合金电阻点焊中焊接电流对接头组织和强度的影响;电阻点焊动态电阻的测量;高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺性能研究;扩散连接Al／Ni／0Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料的界面组织;Cr、Ni元素对Fe3Al／钢扩散焊界面组织结构的影响;真空扩散焊时在钢制工装与钛接魅区氧化物的还原;TC4合金线性摩擦焊摩擦时间与变形量的关系。     

压焊

AZ31镁合金电阻点焊中焊接电流对接头组织和强度的影响;电阻点焊动态电阻的测量;高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺性能研究;扩散连接Al／Ni／0Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料的界面组织;Cr、Ni元素对Fe3Al／钢扩散焊界面组织结构的影响;真空扩散焊时在钢制工装与钛接魅区氧化物的还原;TC4合金线性摩擦焊摩擦时间与变形量的关系。     

Fe3Al合金与Q235钢扩散焊界面的析出相

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子探针(EPMA)对Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面的析出相形貌进行观察和成分测定,研究微观析出相的形成以及工艺参数(T,t,p)的影响.结果表明,Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊界面靠近Fe3Al一侧形成FeAl(Cr)析出相,是引起扩散焊接头脆性断裂的关键.扩散焊温度T、保温时间t与析出相区宽度y符合抛物线规律y2=3.5(t-t0)exp[-5.6×104/(RT)].在降低加热温度和保温时间的条件下,增加焊接压力可促进Fe3Al/Q235界面原子的扩散,避免脆性析出相的形成,保证Fe3Al/Q235扩散焊接头的性能.     

金属的焊接性

热镀锌锅用钢的腐蚀机理分析及焊接对策的制定；Al2O3F／ADC12复合材料储能焊接头组织形成规律；磁场参数对AZ31焊接接头组织和性能的影响；TiAI基合金电子束焊接头组织及转变规律；长时运行T91／G102焊接接头显微组织变化研究；Ti／Al扩散焊的接头组织结构及其形成规律[编者按]     

Fe3Al金属间化合物堆焊材料的应用

采用东南大学研制的Fe3Al基合金的成分配方研制的堆焊材料成功堆焊18－8系不锈钢，形成了完整的焊接工艺和工艺参数，为Fe3Al的应用开辟了一条新的途径，取得了明显的经济效益。     

Al2O3-TiC复合陶瓷与不锈钢扩散钎焊接头组织分析

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针,观察了Al2O3-TiC复合陶瓷与Cr18-Ni8不锈钢扩散钎焊接头的组织形貌,分析了元素在接头中的分布情况和界面附近区域元素的扩散情况.试验结果表明,Ti-Cu-Ti中间层与陶瓷具有良好的反应能力,促进元素的相互扩散.Al2O3-TiC复合陶瓷与不锈钢扩散钎焊接头形成3个扩散反应层,其中一个位于Cr18-Ni8不锈钢侧,厚度约为17.5 μm,成分主要是Fe在β-Ti中的固溶体,Fe-Ti化合物和TiC;靠近陶瓷侧的反应层厚度约为7.5 μm,成分主要是TiC,Ti-O和Ti-Al;中间反应层厚度约为5μm,成分主要是Cu固溶体和Cu-Ti相.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.