ADC发泡剂生产中氧化新工艺的研究--过氧化氢氧化法

介绍了过氧化氢氧化联二脲制ADC的中试工艺，探讨了催化剂、酸、温度等因素对氧化反应收率的影响，找到了最佳的工艺控制点：介质酸度控制在7～9mol／L，温度45～65℃，反应时间1．5～2．0h，溴化钠添加量为联二脲量的1％～2％，催化剂量为联二脲量的0．3％～1％。中试表明：过氧化氢法ADC的收率在93％～95％，废酸可回收循环使用，催化剂、溴化物及酸的损失量很少，产品的各项性能达标，发气量可比氯气法高3％～5％。     

细颗粒AC发泡剂的氧化工艺研究

研究了氯气氧化联二脲制备细颗粒 AC发泡剂的影响因素。结果表明 :在反应温度 35～ 45°C,添加一定量的尿素时 ,与不加尿素相比 ,AC的收率提高 5 %～8% ,发气量增大 10～ 18m L,并制得了平均粒径为 9μm的细颗粒 AC发泡剂 ,其性能达到化工部化工行业标准优等品指标。     

过氧化氢法制备AC发泡剂

介绍了国外用过氧化氢作氧化剂,碘化物或溴化物为催化剂,氧化联二脲水悬浊液,制备 AC 发泡剂的实验研究结果。在碘存在下,反应温度为50～95℃,pH 值在1.0～5.0。反应中只生成水副产物,无辅助物料或只需要少量辅助物料,不污染环境。     

氯酸钠氧化联二脲——一种生产AC发泡剂的新方法

本文研究了在钒络合物作催化剂,于低酸度的介质中,用氯酸钠氧化联二脲制备AC发泡剂的过程,探讨了反应原理。实验表明本反应使用的络合型催化剂活性高,反应时间短,操作便利、安全,反应终点容易控制,对环境污染少。其反应收得率大过95%,产物AC的颗粒度小且分布均匀,大部份在10μ以下,产品质量明显优于传统的氯气氧化法。     

过氧化法制备AC发泡剂

介绍了国外用过氧化氢作氧化剂,碘化物或溴化物为催化剂,氧化联二脲水悬浊液,制备AC发泡剂的实验研究结果,在磺存在下,反应温度为50－95℃,pH值在1．0－5．0。反应中只生成水副产物,无辅助物料或只需要少量辅助物料,不污染环境。     

尿素法生产ADC发泡剂缩合反应试验探索

介绍了ADC发泡剂的性质及用途,尿素法AC发泡剂的生产原理,对生产工艺中联二脲生产工序的缩合反应进行了试验探索。     

利用AC氧化尾气制次氯酸钠

一、概述联二脲通氯氧化成AC的生产过程中,为加快反应速度,提高AC收得率,往往通入过量氯气。若这部分过量氯气不回收利用,不仅会增加原料消耗,还会造成严重的污染、中毒事故。 AC氧化尾气含有氯气、氯化氢、溴气、溴化氢等多种有毒有害气体,其中主要含氯气。以往是采用碱吸收缸吸收,由于操作的繁琐     

氯酸钠氧化法制备发泡剂ADC工艺技术的研究

发泡剂ADC(学名偶氮二甲酰胺)是一种广泛用于塑料发泡的化工产品．传统生产以通氯法氧化联二脲制造发泡剂ADC．该工艺产生大量的稀盐酸．反应终点不易控制，且氯气逸出将造成环境污染。本文介绍了以氯酸钠作为氧化剂、氧化联二脲制备发泡剂ADC的工艺技术．分析了诸因素对反应过程及产品质量的影响，并对工艺控制因素进行优化。经生产实践证明．氯酸钠氧化法比通氯法提高收得率4％；生产成本大致相当．环保费用大幅降低。产品经用户使用实践证明具有稳定等独特品质。     

联二脲生产中反应条件的探讨和应用

通过系列对比实验,研究了在酸性条件下,肼与尿素反应制取联二脲过程中pH值、肼与尿素投料之比、反应温度、反应时间、加酸顺序等影响产物收率的各种因素。在最佳工艺条件下,联二脲收率可达到97%以上,盐酸法生产联二脲避免了硫酸法缩合反应中产生的大量复杂的盐类废水,使联二脲的生产过程更趋于环境友好。     

氯气法生产AC发泡剂工艺的改进：氯气添加尿素氧化法

在氯气氧化联二脲生产ＡＣ发泡剂的反应过程中，在一定的条件下，添加适量的尿素，可以使ＡＣ发泡剂的收率提高５％，发气量提高６ｍｌ／ｇ左右，ＡＣ粒度较细，分布均匀，同时反应较缓和，终点好控制．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。