面向对象的顺控输送系统编程方法

将面向对象方法引入复杂逻辑顺序控制系统，提出将逻辑关系分成两部分，设备及相关的自有逻辑经抽象与封装成为设备对象，设备之间的逻辑则被封装到虚拟的流程对象中，通过对象之间的消息交互实现顺序控制功能。采用面向对象方法，顺序控制系统编程可以从实现复杂的逻辑运算转变成创建两类对象和建立对象之间的消息传递机制以一个输送系统为例阐明面向对象方法可以显著提高编程效率，增强系统的可扩充性，面向对象方法为顺控系统的建模、优化等进一步研究提供了一个新思路。     

基于PLC对象编程的烟草香料配比自动化

本文将面向对象的编程方法引入PLC复杂的逻辑顺序控制系统,并结合作者在烟草行业香料厨房控制系统中的应用,介绍了系统中类的抽象、封装和继承之间的相互关系。采用面向对象方法,顺序控制系统编程从实现复杂的逻辑运算转变成创建和建立对象之间的消息传递机制,相比于传统的线性化编程方法可以显著提高编程效率,增强系统的可扩充性。     

The development of an enterprise resources planning system using a hierarchical design pyramid

Today, manufacturers are measured by their ability to respond quickly to sudden, often unpredictable changes in customer needs and wants. Competition beyond the twenty-first century places an increased emphasis upon receiving business information that is accurate and up to date. In order to achieve this, a business planning and closed-loop manufacturing execution system must reflect how work is done, in order to support the overall business objectives without being limited by any hardware, software and human resource constraints. Enterprise resources planning (ERP) is considered to be the most effective computer application in the modern manufacturing industry which meets these requirements. However, only a few manufacturers can design and implement the system successfully. They encounter various problems during the design and implementation cycle. One of the major reasons why they cannot implement the system successfully is the inappropriate use of design and implementation methodology. A systematic design and implementation methodology is therefore proposed for ERP. Called the hierarchical design pyramid (HDP), it encompasses recent research on the ICAM definition method (IDEF) and the object-oriented methodology (OOM) as well as an architecture for any manufacturers who seriously consider ERP implementation.     

ERP系统中对象模型向实体关系模型的映射

在诸如企业资源计划（ERP）大型复杂管理信息软件系统的开发过程中，目前越来越多地采用面向对象的开发方法和构件化的实现技术，由于这类系统目前是基于关系型数据库来实现的，所以要求在面向对象模型（OOM）和实体关系模型（ERM）之间具有规范且稳定的映射方法，以便于构件的构造，以提高构件的适应性和重用度为目标，提出了实现OOM向ERM映射的原则、方法，并且给出了ERP系统设计中OOM向ERM映射的技术方案，该方法和技术方案已经在一个针对不同类型企业的商品化ERP系统的开发中得以有效的应用。     

面向对象方法与大学生计算机素养

20世纪90年代,面向对象技术以其显著的优势成为计算机软件领域的主流技术,该技术在软件开发中得到广泛的应用。面向对象技术不仅仅是一种编程语言,更重要的是现代软件设计主流思想,蕴涵着系统论的整体性和普遍联系的基本思想。通过面向对象方法的学习,可以提高软件从业人员的宏观思维素质,对于软件体系思想薄弱的非计算机专业的学生来说,具有重要的意义。     

Product modularization for life cycle engineering

Modular products consist of detachable modules, which can be manufactured, assembled, and serviced separately. Some of the modules may be reusable, recyclable or re-manufacturable upon product retirement. Thus, modular design can provide benefits to many aspects of product life cycle. This paper presents an integrated modular design methodology for life cycle engineering. The methodology consists of three phases: problem definition, interaction analysis and module formation. The methodology identifies the factors related to the design objectives, relates these factors to design components through interaction analysis, and clusters components into modules. Two case studies along with detailed analysis are provided to illustrate the methodology and the algorithms.     

如何构筑烟草行业省级信息网络安全防护体系的构筑

对烟草行业信息安全需求进行了分析，并对如何构筑省一级的行业信息安全防护体系从设计思路、目标方法和方案设计方面进行了一定的思考，提出了烟草行业网络与信息安全建设的目标、方法、技术、管理和服务等几大体系的建设思路。     

Object-oriented methodology for intersection simulation model under heterogeneous traffic conditions

In developing countries like India, the traffic on roads is highly heterogeneous in nature, with vehicles of widely varying static and dynamic characteristics. In this type of traffic, vehicles do not follow lane discipline and they move freely over the entire width of roadway based on availability of space. To study this type of complex traffic flow and associated vehicular interactions, simulation is considered as an effective tool. An object-oriented methodology (OOM) for heterogeneous traffic simulation is proposed in this paper with focus on mid-block and intersection flow modeling. The paper presents the basics and advanced features of object-oriented programming (OOP) in detail in the context of traffic flow. The sample C++ code is discussed in detail to demonstrate the implementation of OOP features, such as encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. The contribution of this research work is the development of software objects for various components such as vehicle, traffic, link and node. This software can be adopted for heterogeneous traffic simulation programs, in general.     

Structural optimization of multiple attributes

This paper presents a methodology for structural design optimization of multiple objectives, or attributes. The method represents an improvement over Pareto optimizationbased methods by quantitatively representing trade-offs between conflicting objectives in a single multi-attribute objective function. Classical utility analysis is first used to determine a multi-attribute evaluation function for a particular structure from the designer's viewpoint. This viewpoint takes into account the attribute tradeoffs that are appropriate for a specific project. Since attributes are controlled only indirectly through specification of design decision variables, a new objective function is then formulated which expresses design utility directly in terms of those parameters over which the designer has direct control. A one-bay, three storey steel frame building example demonstrates the methodology for determining the design configuration with the best combination of cost and drift index.     

Approximating the Pareto curve to help solve biobjective design problems

When faced with multiple objectives, designers have to find ways to combine these objectives to find the solution that satisfies acceptable trade-off levels. In this paper, we present a methodology based on approximating the Pareto set of biobjective problems and presenting these trade-off graphs to the designer to facilitate decisions on trade-off. Once a solution is selected from the approximated set, the designer can select to either set a target on one or both objectives and use one of two methods to find the sought after solution. The paper details the methodology and applies it to three structural problems of increasing complexity, showing that the procedure provides also useful feedback even in the case of nonconvex Pareto sets. Received October 18, 2000     

Influence diagrams with multiple objectives and tradeoff analysis

Influence diagrams have been important models for decision problems because of their ability to both model a problem rigorously at its mathematical level and depict its high-level structure graphically. Once the structure and numerical details of an influence diagram have been specified, it can be evaluated to determine the optimal decision policy. However, when evaluating multiple objectives, in the past this determination was based on the assumption that utility functions that commensurate the objectives are available. This paper extends the structure and solution algorithm for influence diagrams to allow for the inclusion of noncommensurate objectives using multiobjective tradeoff analysis instead of utility theory. This eliminates the need to specify any preference information before the influence diagram is solved. The proposed multiobjective-based methodology is also useful for decision makers who either do not want to accept the assumptions of utility theory for a particular problem, or are confronted with a problem in which it is neither practical nor viable to construct a utility function. Additionally, this paper establishes the relationship between multiobjective influence diagrams and multiobjective decision trees. This relationship is important because it allows a decisionmaker to utilize the advantages of both representations. An example problem is presented to introduce both the extended multiobjective influence diagram methodology and the relationship linking multiobjective decision trees to multiobjective influence diagrams.     

业务支持系统通用结构及其实现方法研究

通过对业务模型的深入研究,提出了基于业务模型对象的业务支持系统通用体系结构,探讨了以OOM/OOP技术,动态建立具有生成器功能的该体系结构的方法。最后介绍了该项研究的应用情况。     

业务支持系统通用结构及其实现方法研究

通过对业务模型的深入研究,提出了基于业务模型对象的业务支持系统通用体系结构,探讨了以OOM/OOP技术,动态建立具有生成器功能的该体系结构的方法.最后介绍了该项研究的应用情况.     

Methodology for evaluating automated map generalization in commercial software

This paper presents a methodology developed for a study to evaluate the state of the art of automated map generalization in commercial software without applying any customization. The objectives of this study are to learn more about generic and specific requirements for automated map generalization, to show possibilities and limitations of commercial generalization software, and to identify areas for further research. The methodology had to consider all types of heterogeneity to guarantee independent testing and evaluation of available generalization solutions. The paper presents the two main steps of the methodology. The first step is the analysis of map requirements for automated generalization, which consisted of sourcing representative test cases, defining map specifications in generalization constraints, harmonizing constraints across the test cases, and analyzing the types of constraints that were defined. The second step of the methodology is the evaluation of generalized outputs. In this step, three evaluation methods were integrated to balance between human and machine evaluation and to expose possible inconsistencies. In the discussion the applied methodology is evaluated and areas for further research are identified.     

面向对象的柔性设计与控制理论(Ⅰ)

文中介绍了作者提出的“面向对象的柔性设计与控制理论”中的第一部分内容,包括面向对象的柔性设计与控制理论模型,控制系统的面向对象分析等。该理论的核心是将面向对象技术应用于智能控制领域,实现控制系统的面向对象分析与设计;在智能控制方面,以研究应用人的形象直觉推理控制与抽象逻辑推理控制机理及它们之间的关系为主要内容,实现控制过程的无模型控制,定性信息与定量信息综合集成。设计方便,控制灵活,且保证控制系统的稳定性、鲁棒性。     

Multi-stage multi-objective production planning using linguistic and numeric data-a fuzzy integer programming model

This paper introduces a methodology to solve a multi-stage production planning problem having multiple objectives, which are conflicting, non-commensurable and fuzzy in nature. The production process consists of multiple stages having one or more machines in each stage. Every processing stage produces work-in-process, semi-finished items as an output, which becomes an input to the subsequent stage either fully or partially depending on the cycle times of the machines. Events of machine breakdowns and imbalances in input–output relations in one or more stages may affect both work-in-process (WIP) and final production targets. Our paper provides a methodology based on fuzzy logic to maintain the desired balanced input–output relation at each stage and the targeted production output at the final stage. This is done by procurement of work-in-process inventory (WIP) and installation of new machines at appropriate stages. The objectives or goals expressed in linguistic terms are represented as fuzzy sets. The Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) operator is used to aggregate the objectives as per their priorities and finally to formulate the production process as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem. The solution to MIP shows the degrees of achievements of the production process objectives. The methodology is illustrated with a real life application of crankshaft productions in an automobile industry.     

Supporting the structured development of complex PL/I software systems

The methodology of top-down (structured) programming has emerged in the last few years as a practical approach to the problem of developing reliable software systems. The methodology, however, places certain demands on the language used for actual system implementation. In this paper we discuss the implications of these demands on a specific language, PL/I. From this discussion the basic objectives of a PL/I support system are deduced. These objectives deal primarily with: (1) specifying intermodule relationships; (2) propagating module modifications; and (3) maintaining consistency in the realization of abstractions. Finally, the essential elements of a system that realizes these objectives are described.     

Computer-aided integration of multidisciplinary design information

This paper addresses the integration issues at the preliminary design stage in order to support analysis and decision-making while considering a design from the viewpoint of different disciplines. The paper describes a research project for investigating and designing a framework for intelligent linkage between design drawings and other information system environments, providing access to both external databases and design methods at the preliminary design stage. Accessing such information at this stage will allow designers to carry out the rapid evaluation of design alternatives, analysis and decision-making in a multi-disciplinary, multi-agent design environment. The objectives of the research are outlined, the methodology is discussed and the first application results are demonstrated.     

A methodological framework for systemic design and evaluation of computer aids for planning and decision support

This paper discusses methodological design and evaluation frameworks that appear to have general applicability. The design methodology has specific relevance for the design of systemic process aids to planning and decisionmaking and, potentially, to other system design efforts as well. A five-phase iterative methodology is suggested. The paper discusses objectives for systemic process aids, requirements to be accomplished in each of the five phases of the design methodology, and leadership requirement considerations as they affect the design of systemic process aids realized by use of the methodological design framework. A framework for evaluation of systemic aids is also presented. The resulting evaluation methodology may be incorporated into the design methodology or used independently to evaluate existing or proposed aids for planning, forecasting and decision support.