含锑复合孕育剂在柴油机缸体上的应用试验

通过含锑复合孕育剂与BaSi及75FeSi的对比试验,得出 含锑复合孕育剂具有提高强度和硬度,改善断面敏感性的结论。生产应用验证,该复合孕育剂可使化学成分在3．87％－3．94％,0．25％－0．49％Cr,0.43%-0.52%Cu成分范围内的铸件抗拉强度达290．5－335MPa,硬度达210HB以上,可应用于无缸套缸体,满足耐磨性要求。     

提高柴油机缸体性能稳定性的途径

在生产上,当碳当量为３．７８￣４．００％时,通过加铬低合金化及采用ＴＧ－１、Ｂａ－Ｓｉ－Ｆｅ、７５Ｓｉ－Ｆｅ混给合孕育剂复合孕育处理。可提高ＨＴ２５０材质柴油机缸体性能的稳定性。     

孕育处理对薄壁高强度灰铸铁件性能的影响

针对缸体缸盖铸件的特点，结合国内现状，研究了复合孕育剂RAC、RT4、RCC、HY等对其性能的影响。试验结果表明：对于高碳当量（4.1％～4.2％）、低合金化的铁水，采用复合孕育列RCC，可使性能稳定地达到HT250以上牌号，并改善断面均匀性。对于高碳当量（4.1％～4.2％）、非合金化铁水，采用RT4孕育剂，可使σb＞250MPa；而对较高联当量（3.9％～4.1％）的非合金化铁水，若控制铁水质量，加大复合孕育剂RAC、HY的用量，亦可获得HT250铸铁。本试验结果适用于大、中、小工厂冲天炉熔炼。     

孕育处理对薄壁高强度灰铸铁件性能的影响

针对薄壁高强度缸体、缸盖的特点,结构国内现状,借助于正交设计,研究了复合孕育剂ＲＡＣ、ＲＴ４、ＲＣＣ、ＨＹ等对高强度薄壁灰铸铁件性能的影响。试验结果表明,对于高碳当量低合金化的铁水,采用复合孕育剂,可使性能稳定地达到牌号ＨＴ２５０以上,并改善断面均匀性。     

高精度机床铸件石墨形态控制研究

为了改善石墨形态获得足够多的A型石墨,提高高精度机床铸件的内在质量,在炉料配比上,取消生铁的加入,废钢比例由50%提高至70%,并添加0.2%的预处理剂;在化学成分上,碳当量由3.55%提高至3.70%以上;在铁液处理上,采用SiSrZr孕育剂,一次孕育加入量0.3%,粒度0.7～3 mm,二次孕育加入量0.1%,粒度0.2～0.7 mm。通过以上工艺改进,结合低合金化,最终使高精度车削床身铸件的石墨形态为A型,抗拉强度345 MPa,导轨硬度191～202 HBW,硬度均匀性-4/+5 HBW,残余应力较传统工艺降低了24%,且加工性能良好,满足高精度机床铸件的使用要求。     

应用复合孕育剂提高缸体用灰铁铸件的切削性能

研究了几种单一孕育剂以及它们的复合孕育剂对缸体用灰铸铁力学性能、壁厚敏感性和加工性能的影响.实验结果表明:孕育处理的铸件中,选择40%稀土 60u硅铁复合孕育剂,灰铸件抗拉强度可稳定在250MPa左右,并且断面敏感性可降低到20HB,品质系数良好.20%稀土 80u硅铁复合孕育剂处理的缸体用灰铸铁件具有最小断面敏感性和刀具磨损量,有优良的切削加工性能.     

孕育处理对薄壁高强灰铸铁件性能的影响

针对薄壁高强度缸体、缸盖的特点,结合国内现状,借助于正交设计,研究了复合孕育剂ＲＡＣ、ＲＴ４、ＲＣＣ、ＨＹ等对高强度薄壁灰铸铁件性能的影响。试验结果表明,对于高碳当量（ＣＥ＝４．１％～４．２％）低合金化的铁水,采用复合孕育剂,可使性能稳定地达到牌号ＨＴ２５０以上,并改善断面均匀性。对于ＣＥ＝４．０％～４．２％的铁水,若控制铁水质量,加大复合孕育剂用量,亦可获得ＨＴ２５０铸铁。结果适用于大、中、小工厂冲天炉熔炼。     

灰铸铁研究与生产的最新进展及展望

灰铸铁在铸件生产中占有最重要的地位,高强度薄壁灰铸的研究与生产水平是制约铸铁发展的主要因素。通过提高基体显微硬度、增加组织中奥氏体枝晶数量、细化石墨、细化共晶团等综合措施,可在碳当量３．９％￣４．２％的范围内获得强度达３００ＭＰａ、铸造性能较ＨＴ３００优良的灰铸铁。采用高碳当量、适当的低合金化和加强孕育处理可以有效地生产、发动机缸体和缸盖等薄壁高强度灰铸铁件。先进制造技术对传统产业的渗透与 融合正     

缸体缸盖铸件孕育剂及孕育工艺的选择和改进

为解决缸体缸盖铸件硬度不均匀、边角白口、渗漏等缺陷问题,对3种孕育剂进行了对比试验,确定采用RESiBa孕育剂,基本解决了铸件的白口问题,渗漏缺陷也得到了改善,缸盖的渗漏率稳定控制在3.5%以下.     

硅钡孕育剂在缸体铸件上的应用研究

本文研究了使用硅钡孕育剂和硅铁孕育剂对缸体铸件材质性能和组织的影响。实验结果表明,使用硅钡孕育剂复合孕育工艺替代铜合金化工艺后,不但可以保证铸件本体的机械性能和组织要求,而且降低了铸件生产成本。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.