基于二阶锥规划的稳健低旁瓣自适应波束形成

针对水下成像时圆弧阵常规波束旁瓣级较高,当存在强干扰时容易带来较多虚警的缺点,提出一种基于二阶锥规划的稳健低旁瓣自适应波束形成方法。该方法通过对波束旁瓣进行优化设计,可以将波束旁瓣级进行严格控制,并进一步结合协方差矩阵重构法,使波束形成器的稳健性得到提高,最后将该波束优化问题转化为二阶锥规划问题进行求解。计算机仿真结果表明,相较于其他算法来说,文中算法在波束旁瓣级得到严格控制的同时,可以在存在各类失配的情况下获得更高的输出信干噪比,稳健性更高。水池实验进一步验证了该方法的有效性,该研究成果可以在声呐成像领域应用。     

基于二阶锥规划的稳健高增益波束形成

针对最优波束形成对基阵的轻微误差非常敏感这一缺点,提出了运用二阶锥规划方法实现白噪声阵增益约束来提高优化波束形成稳健性的方法.白噪声阵增益约束波束形成能够提高优化波束形成对误差的稳健性.本文将白噪声阵增益约束波束形成转化为二阶锥规划(second-order cone programming)形式,通过内点方法(interior point)来求出其数值解.计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性.     

成像声呐中聚焦波束形成技术研究及实现

介绍了聚焦波束形成的基本原理,分析了一种基于半圆阵的相位补偿方法。通过Matlab仿真得出聚焦波束形成的波束图,相比远场方法,波束宽度减小,旁瓣得到抑制。设计了一种基于FPGA的数字聚焦波束形成器的实时处理结构,使用8组加权系数即可完成成像声呐近场范围内分辨力的改进。通过乒乓操作和并行结构提高处理速度,实时产生72个波束。实验结果表明,所设计的聚焦波束形成器使某型成像声呐近场分辨力得到了提高。     

轮形阵列波束形成的优化设计

基于波束形成方法的噪声源识别中,阵列性能影响着声源识别的效果。针对轮形阵列,采用正交试验的方法,对阵列的几何参数进行优化设计。通过逐步缩小参数最优值的取值范围,使在传声器数目和阵列尺寸一定的情况下,阵列的声源识别效果得到改进。经优化,轮形阵列的最大旁瓣水平曲线在很宽的频率带上保持在16 dB以下,比普通轮形阵列的最大旁瓣水平降低了3 dB以上。验证了正交试验方法在阵列优化设计的可行性,为波束形成装置的开发提供了理论依据。     

基于共轭虚拟阵列的稳健波束形成方法

针对提高阵列天线波束性能问题,本文提出了基于共轭虚拟阵列的信号导向矢量扩展方法.利用共轭虚拟阵元扩展阵列,增大了阵列孔径却不改变实际阵元数,降低了副瓣电平并且不会增加天线制造成本.在虚拟阵列的基础上对信号导向矢量进行扩展,使阵列波束形成效果更加稳健.本文通过在有无干扰以及存在幅度和相位误差情况下对11个阵元阵列天线进行...     

自适应Notch滤波器的FPGA实现

针对水下目标跟踪定位系统中信号的特点,采用自适应Notch滤波器对接收信号进行检测,使系统在低信噪比的情况下仍能保证较高的正确检测率。提出了用FPGA实现Notch滤波器的硬件电路方案,用DDS技术解决了Notch滤波器的正交参考源的输入问题,简化了系统的设计,提高了稳定性,同时保持了较高的检测正确率。     

基于FPGA的声场测试仪的设计与实现

本文主要实现一种VGA显示卡的设计，结合外部被串行AD芯片转化成数字信号的语音信号的输入，可以完成多路声场的频率和响度的级别测定。多路实时的声场比较系统在现实中也很有利用价值。     

红外小目标图像预处理及FPGA实现

针对红外图像低对比度、低信噪比等特点,为提高红外小目标的探测能力,提出一种用于红外小目标预处理方法:在对图像进行热晕消除的基础上,结合空间数字滤波,形态学运算,能量累积及帧间分析等先进技术进行处理,采用大规模可编程门阵列(FPGA)来实现,实时给出高质量的图像信息。仿真证明,该方法是有效的。     

基于FPGA的汽车电子机械制动系统的研究

科技研究的进步和先进技术的引进,给汽车行业的发展带来繁荣,同时人们对汽车的要求也在日益提高,对其安全性能、舒适程度以及外观方面都在不断的追求完美。目前,汽车的控制系统中加入了大量的电子控制系统,电子机械制动系统的结构没有太高的难度,体积较小,同时功能集成性能可靠性较强,因此受到较为广泛的推广应用[1]。文章就汽车电子机械制动系统进行研究,结合FPGA可编程逻辑门阵列进行编程数据分析。     

有向阵元圆形阵列声纳波束形成原理及实现

有向阵元阵列接收具有区域指定性好和灵敏度高的优点而被广泛应用于雷达、水声信号目标探测。探讨了基于有向阵元圆阵的波束形成原理并设计出基于FPGA的自适应数字波束形成（ADBF）模块,仿真结果表明有向阵元形成的波束图较全向阵波束图有明显改善,LMS自适应算法对干扰能有效抑制,从而提高了系统输出信号干扰噪声比（SINR）。     

Distributionally robust optimization for engineering design under uncertainty

This paper addresses the challenge of design optimization under uncertainty when the designer only has limited data to characterize uncertain variables. We demonstrate that the error incurred when estimating a probability distribution from limited data affects the out-of-sample performance (ie, performance under the true distribution) of optimized designs. We demonstrate how this can be mitigated by reformulating the engineering design problem as a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem. We present computationally efficient algorithms for solving the resulting DRO problem. The performance of the DRO approach is explored in a practical setting by applying it to an acoustic horn design problem. The DRO approach is compared against traditional approaches to optimization under uncertainty, namely, sample-average approximation and multiobjective optimization incorporating a risk reduction objective. In contrast with the multiobjective approach, the proposed DRO approach does not use an explicit risk reduction objective but rather specifies a so-called ambiguity set of possible distributions and optimizes against the worst-case distribution in this set. Our results show that the DRO designs, in some cases, significantly outperform those designs found using the sample-average or the multiobjective approach.     

基于FPGA的多通道CIC滤波器设计

数字信号处理中运用CIC滤波器进行采样率转换非常普遍.考虑到实际应用,传统的CIC滤波器存在一些不足.采用多级级联方法降低了对硬件运算速度的要求,有利于实时处理;采用余弦滤波器改善了阻带衰减不足;内插二阶多项式滤波器补偿了CIC滤波器通带内的衰减;抗混叠低通滤波器减小了混叠影响.通过仿真实验验证了FPGA硬件平台的可行性.     

基于遗传算法与粒子群优化法的机载合成孔径雷达天线赋形波束综合

采用了遗传算法和粒子群优化法两种现代进化算法对赋形波束天线进行了综合,得到了很好的结果,并比较了两种算法的优缺点.首先通过对宽测绘带的机载合成孔径雷达距离向回波特性的分析,给出了天线距离向赋形辐射方向图表达式.接着利用两种现代优化算法结合谢昆若夫法对天线阵分别进行综合,得到了近似相等的天线各单元激励幅度和相位.然后选择5个单元激励并利用微带贴片天线阵列实现了赋形波束方向图,实验结果和理论优化结果基本吻合,从而证明了这两种现代进化算法对赋形天线方向图综合方法的有效性.     

An integration design optimization framework of robust design,axiomatic design,and reliability‐based design

Robust design, axiomatic design, and reliability‐based design provide effective approaches to deal with quality problems, and their integration will achieve better quality improvement. An integration design optimization framework of robust design, axiomatic design, and reliability‐based design is proposed in this paper. First, the fitted response model of each quality characteristic is obtained by response surface methodology and the mean square error (MSE) estimation is given by a second‐order Taylor series approximation expansion. Then the multiple quality characteristics robust design model is developed by the MSE criteria. Finally, the independence axiom constraints for decoupling and reliability constraints are integrated into the multiple quality characteristics robust design model, and the integration design optimization framework is formulated, where the weighted Tchebycheff approach is adopted to solve the multiple objective programming. An illustrative example is presented at the end, and the results show that the proposed approach can obtain better trade‐offs among conflicting quality characteristics, variability, coupling degree and reliability requirements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于公理设计和相容决策支持问题法的稳健优化设计方法

 针对多目标稳健优化问题,建立了多目标稳健优化的损失函数,利用灵敏度分析方法确定各设计变量对各设计目标的影响程度,确定主要的设计参数,便于调整和控制设计参数的公差.根据信息公理与损失函数的一致性关系,建立以最小化各目标的总损失函数为目标函数.并在相容决策支持问题法框架基础上,提出一种基于公理设计和相容决策支持问题法的多目标稳健优化设计模型.实例分析表明,提出的方法是可行的.     

Topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures based on the higher‐order beam theory

The investigation aims to formulate ground‐structure based topology optimization approach by using a higher‐order beam theory suitable for thin‐walled box beam structures. While earlier studies use the Timoshenko or Euler beams to form a ground‐structure, they are not suitable for a structure consisting of thin‐walled closed beams. The higher‐order beam theory takes into an additional account sectional deformations of a thin‐walled box beam such as warping and distortion. Therefore, a method to connect ground beams at a joint and a technique to represent different joint connectivity states should be investigated for streamlined topology optimization. Several numerical case studies involving different loading and boundary conditions are considered to show the effectiveness of employing a higher‐order beam theory for the ground‐structure based topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures. Through the numerical results, this work shows significant difference between optimized beam layouts based on the Timoshenko beam theory and those based on a more accurate higher‐order beam theory for a structure consisting of thin‐walled box beams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reliability-based robust design optimization of gap size of annular nuclear fuels using kriging and inverse distance weighting methods

In this study, the design optimization of the gap size of annular nuclear fuels used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) was performed. For this, thermoelastic–plasticity–creep (TEPC) analysis of PWR annular fuels was carried out using an in-house code to investigate the performance of nuclear fuels. Surrogate models based on the kriging and inverse distance weighting models were generated using computational performance data based on optimal Latin hypercube design. Using these surrogate models, the gap size of PWR annular fuel was deterministically optimized using the micro-genetic algorithm to improve the heat transfer efficiency and maintain a lower level of stress. Reliability-based design optimization and reliability-based robust design optimization were conducted to satisfy target reliability and secure the robustness of the PWRs’ performance. The optimal gap size was validated through TEPC analysis and the optimum solutions were compared according to the approximate method and reliability index.     

FPGA implementation of particle swarm optimization based on new fitness function for MRI images segmentation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as a key part in therapeutic procedures because it clearly defines the aim. It also avoids sensitive organs and it determines the desired paths. This phenomenon requires image processing operations such as segmentation to locate the tumor. Medical image segmentation is still an important topic in the field of brain tumor. In the present article, we propose a Hardware Architecture of segmentation based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (HAMPSO) algorithm for MRI images segmentation. To achieve this, we use the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) to be implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This architecture is based on a new variant of objective function. These performances of the proposed method are proved using a set of MRI images and were compared to the Hardware Architecture of segmentation based on Particle Swarm Optimization (HAPSO) in terms of either device utilization, execution time, qualitatively or quantitatively results.     

基于质量功能配置的绿色产品设计与优化

 根据绿色产品的设计特点,建立绿色产品的质量屋(house of quality,HoQ).在传统质量屋的基础上增加了环境需求,并对传统的三角形屋顶结构进行改进.分析了质量屋中环境需求的获取过程以及环境需求权重的计算方法.综合考虑了绿色产品设计过程中的顾客需求、环境需求以及成本约束,并在质量屋的基础上建立产品优化的目标函数及约束条件.最后,以吹风机设计为实例对所提出的方法进行了验证和分析.     

基于均匀设计及非线性偏最小二乘法的非闭合电极ECT传感器参数优化设计

提出了一种非闭合电极电容层析成像(ECT)传感器结构参数的优化方法.采用均匀设计结合非线性偏最小二乘(NPLS)回归,提取传感器结构参数(电极极板的宽度 L、绝缘外壳的壁厚δ1.、屏蔽罩与绝缘外壳间距δ2及绝缘外壳材料的相对介电常数ε)与待优化指标(敏感场的均匀度及灵敏度指标p1、最大与最小电容的比值 K)间的函数关系,建立相应的优化目标泛函,通过对优化目标泛函的求解,最终获得传感器结构参数的最优值.并以 10 电极非闭合电极 ECT 传感器为研究对象,进行了结构参数的优化设计,根据优化结果设计制作了非闭合电极 ECT 传感器,对其成像进行了仿真与实测.结果表明,参数优化后的传感器图像重建质量优于未优化的传感器.