Influence of diffusion bonding conditions on bonding strength of damping copper alloy to stainless steel

The experimental investigation of different tran sition metals was carried out in the diffusion bonding joints of Cu alloys (CuAlBe) to stainless stee l (1Cr18Ni9Ti). The microstructure of the joint was analyzed with microscopic examination, SEM, EPMA and X-ray diffraction. Following conclusions have been draw n: (1) The joint strength with the Ni interlayer was higher than that with Cu in terlayer when the welding parameters were same;(2)When Ni interlayer was thinner ,Al could interact with Ni and Fe,and the intermetallic compounds,such as Fe3A letc,were formed in the interface,which decreased the strength of the joints;(3 ) When the bonding temperature was higher,because of the diffusion of Cu in Ni being faster than Ni in Cu,a Kirkendall effect was produced,which also decreased the strength of the joints.     

瞬时液相扩散焊接CuAlBe合金和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢

采用ＣｕＭｎ合金为中间层对ＣｕＡｌＢｅ合金和１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢进行了瞬时液相扩散焊接。通过扫描电镜、电子探针和Ｘ射线省射分析等手段对接头的微观组织和相结构进行了分析,并用拉伸试验评价了接头的连接强度。研究结果表明,焊接压力、焊接温度、焊接时间及ＣｕＭｎ合金中间层Ｍｎ的含量等焊接参数对接头强度影响很大。在本试验中,当ＣｕＭｎ中间层中Ｍｎ元素含量为３０％、Ｔｔ＝１２２３Ｋ、ｔｂ＝４０ｍｉｎ、Ｐ     

Transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of copper alloy to stainless steel using CuMn alloys as interlayer

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中间过渡金属对钛合金与不锈钢扩散焊接头强度的影响

采用加中间过渡金属的工艺方法，对钛合金ＴＣ４与不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ扩散焊接头的结合强度进行了试验研究，利用扫描电镜，电子探针仪等对接头进行了微观分析。结果表明，采用纯镍作中间过过渡金属虽然有效地防止了钛与铁，碳间的相互扩散和迁移，但在镍与钛之间却形成了金属间化合物薄层，致使接头的最高强度在３８０ＭＰａ左右；采用钒＋铜复合过渡金属彻底地消除了钛合金－不锈钢接头中的金属间化合物和碳化物。     

TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢TLP-DB接头界面组织及力学性能

采用AgCu金属箔作中间层,对TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢进行了瞬间液相扩散焊.分析了接头的显微组织、元素分布、物相组成等,研究了接头的显微硬度和不同工艺参数下的抗剪强度.结果表明,接头界面区由TiNi侧过渡区、中间区和不锈钢侧过渡区组成,主要相分别为Ti(Cu,Ni,Fe),AgCu,TiFe等.过渡区的显微硬度值高达500~650 HV,但中间区的硬度值只有大约120 HV.随加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,接头抗剪强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大抗剪强度为239.4 MPa.断裂发生在TiNi母材和AgCu中间层扩散界面上,断口为混合断裂形貌.     

TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢的瞬时液相扩散焊

采用AgCu金属箔作中间过渡层,对TiNi形状记忆合金与不锈钢进行了瞬时液相扩散焊,分析了接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成等,研究了接头的抗剪强度和断裂方式。结果表明:接头界面区由TiNi侧过渡区,中间区,不锈钢侧过渡区组成,主要相分别为Ti(Cu,Ni,Fe),AgCu,TiFe等。连接温度为860℃,保温时间为60min,连接压力为0.05MPa时,接头最大抗剪强度为239MPa。断裂发生在TiNi母材和AgCu中间层扩散界面上,断口为混合断裂形貌。通过中间层等温凝固过程动力学模型,结合界面形貌和元素扩散分析,认为TiNiSMA与不锈钢异种材料瞬时液相扩散焊过程存在明显的非对称性。     

铍／HR—1不锈钢热等静压扩散连接界面特性研究

采用热等静压（HIP）方法，对铍与HR－1不锈钢（SS）在加Cu单层或Cu/Ni双层过渡材料的条件下进行扩散连接。利用金相显微镜，扫描电镜（SEM）、俄歇电子能谱（AES）、显微力学探针（MPM）及拉伸试验分析了接头扩散区的显微组织，微区成分和力学性能。探讨了扩散区成分，组织，硬度及弹性模量分布的关系。研究表明，加Cu单层过渡材料能有效阻挡Fe向铍端的扩散，但不能阻挡铍向不锈钢端的扩散和消除合金元素Ni向Be/Fe及Be/Cu的偏聚，存在幅度较大的弹性模量跃变，造成应力集中和开裂。加Cu/Ni双层过渡材料能实现Be,Cu,Ni与不锈钢间的互扩散，其结合强度为50MPa，是实现铍与不锈钢扩散连接和提高接头质量的可选方法。     

铝合金与不锈钢的过渡层钎焊

铝合金与不锈钢的物化性能相差很大，两者的直接连接易于在界面上生成Al和Fe的脆性化合物。作者用试验的方法研究了LF3铝合金与0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的Ni／Cu过渡层钎焊的工艺方法以及接头的组织与力学性能，并对各连接界面进行了机理分析。对钎缝的界面做剪切试验、X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析发现，镀层与钎料等各界面连接紧密，特别是钎缝与母材之间没有生成脆性Al-Fe金属间化合物。由此得出结论，面心立方结构的Ni／Cu电刷镀层能有效地阻挡Al、Fe等原子扩散，钎缝与镀Cu界面上虽然生成了少量的AlCu3，但由于组织不连续，没有大幅度降低钎缝的剪切强度。通过过渡层钎焊，实现了LF3铝合金与0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的复合连接．满足了工程需要。     

镍作中间层脉冲加压扩散连接钛合金与不锈钢

采用纳米Ni粉、纳米Ni镀层、Ni箔作中间过渡层,对TA17近。型钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了脉冲加压扩散连接,接头抗拉强度分别达到了175,212,334MPa。在金相显微镜下,对拉伸断口形貌进行了观察和分析;利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）测定了连接接头各区域内的微区成分和物相。结果表明,纳米Ni粉致密度不够高,纳米Ni镀层质量不够高,在很大程度上限制了接头强度的提高;Ni箔中间层的存在成功地阻止了Fe与Ti之间的互扩散,避免了形成脆而硬的Fe—Ti系金属间化合物。     

钛合金与不锈钢超塑性扩散连接工艺及机理研究

基于微细晶超塑性扩散连接方法,对TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢成功实现了直接扩散连接,系统分析了接头性能、界面微观结构及超塑性扩散连接机理。结果发现：TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢直接超塑性扩散连接时,较佳连接工艺规范为：温度T=760~820 ℃,压力p=6~9 MPa,时间t=20~40 min;接头剪切强度τ＝125.3~148.7 MPa。与一般直接扩散连接相比,连接温度降低了约100 ℃,接头的剪切强度提高了1倍以上,且连接试样无明显变形。细化热处理TC4钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢超塑性扩散连接时,其接头的形成过程大致可分为3个阶段：形成紧密接触阶段、接触表面激活阶段及靠近活化中心的界面冶金结合区形成阶段。     

Characterization of diffusion-bonded joint between Al and Mg using a Ni interlayer

Aluminum and magnesium were joined through diffusion bonding using Ni interlayer. The microstructure and mechanical performance of the Al/Ni/Mg joints at different temperatures was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM), electro-probe microanalyzer(EPMA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Vickers hardness testing, and shear testing. The results show that the addition of Ni interlayer eliminates the formation of Mg–Al intermetallic compounds and improves the bonding strength of the Al/Mg joints. The Al/Ni/Mg joints are formed by the diffusion of Al, Ni and Mg, Ni. The microstructure at the joint interface from Al side to Mg side is Al substrate/Al–Ni reaction layer/Ni interlayer/Mg–Ni reaction layer/Mg substrate multilayer structure. The microhardness of the Mg–Ni reaction layer has the largest value of HV 255.0 owing to the existence of Mg_2Ni phase.With the increase of bonding temperature, the shear strength of the joints increases firstly and then decreases.The Al/Ni/Mg joint bonds at 713 K for 90 min, exhibiting the maximum shear strength of 20.5 MPa, which is greater than that of bonding joint bonded directly or with Ag interlayer. The fracture of the joints takes place at the Mg–Ni interface rather than the Al–Ni interface, and the fracture way of the joints is brittle fracture.     

钛合金与不锈钢的纳米扩散焊接工艺探索

采用纳米镍粉为中间层对TA17钛合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti进行了扩散焊接试验。通过金相分析、能谱分析、X射线衍射等手段对焊接接头进行了较详细的分析。结果表明,纳米镍粉成功地阻止了钛合金与不锈钢的互扩散,抑制了TiFe,TiFe2等脆性相的形成,在接头形成了具有一定塑性的Ni-Ti型金属间化合物,但由于纳米镍粉中间层不致密,从而导致接头强度较低。     

Study of diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V and ZQSn10-10 with metal interlayer

The diffusion bonding was carried out to join Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and tin-bronze (ZQSn10-10) with Ni and Ni Cu interlayer. The microstructures of the diffusion bonded joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that when the interlayer is Ni or Ni Cu transition metals both could effectively prevent the diffusion between Ti and Cu and avoid the formation of the Cu-Ti intermetallic compounds (Cu3Ti, CuTi etc.). But the Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds (NiTi, Ni3Ti) are formed on the Ti-6Al-4V/Ni interface. When the interlayer is Ni, the optimum bonding parameters are 830℃/10 MPa/30min. And when the interlayer is Ni Cu, the optimum bonding parameters are 850℃/10MPa/20min. With the optimum bonding parameters, the tensile strength of the joints with Ni and Ni Cu interlayer both are 155.8MPa, which is 65 percent of the strength of ZQSn10-10 base metal.     

铝合金/Cu/不锈钢接触反应钎焊及中间层溶解行为(英文)

以Cu作为接触反应材料连接6063铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,探讨焊接工艺参数对接头组织的影响规律,分析中间反应层Cu的溶解特性结果表明:在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面反应层由Fe2Al5、FeAl3金属间化合物和Cu-Al金属间化合物构成,与之相邻区域主要含Cu-Al金属间化合物,焊缝组织由Al-Cu共晶及大块状的Al固溶体组成;随着保温时间的延长,焊缝组织最为显著的变化是在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面的金属间化合物层厚度增加,共晶组织宽度逐渐减小;中间反应层Cu的溶解速度非常迅速,是以秒为计量单位的快速过程,厚度为10μm的Cu溶解时间仅为0.47s。     

采用铌中间层的钛合金与不锈钢的真空热轧连接界面的显微组织及性能

进行了钛合金与不锈钢采用铌中间层的真空热轧连接实验,分析了连接界面的显微组织及性能。结果表明,采用铌中间层能够明显提高接头的塑性。当压缩率为25%,轧制速度为38 mm/s,热轧温度为800°C和900°C时,不锈钢与铌的连接界面没有明显的金属间化合物层;当热轧温度为1000°C和1050°C时,不锈钢与铌连接界面形成Fe-Nb金属间化合物层,并且当热轧温度为1050°C时在金属间化合物层与不锈钢之间出现开裂。铌与钛合金连接界面的扩散层厚度随着热轧温度的升高而增大。热轧温度为900°C的连接接头的拉伸强度可达-417.5MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。热轧温度为800°C的热轧过度接头分别与钛合金和不锈钢进行TIG焊接,TIG焊后热轧过度接头的拉伸强度可达-410.3 MPa,拉伸试样断裂于铌中间层,断口呈塑性断裂特征。     

Cu/W-Ni/Ni多中间层的钨/钢扩散连接(英文)

采用铜箔/90W-10Ni(质量分数)混合粉末/镍箔多中间层,在加压5 MPa、连接温度1150°C、保温60 min的工艺条件下,对纯钨(W)和0Cr13Al铁素体不锈钢进行真空扩散连接。利用SEM、EDS、电子万能试验机及水淬热震实验等手段研究接头的微观组织、成分分布、断口特征、力学性能及抗热震性能。结果表明,连接接头由钨母材/Cu-Ni合金层/W-Ni复合材料层/镍层/钢母材五部分组成。接头中的W-Ni复合材料层由90W-10Ni混合粉末固相烧结而生成,其组织均匀、致密。W-Ni复合材料层与钨母材以瞬间液相扩散连接机制来实现良好结合。接头剪切强度达到256 MPa,断裂均发生在W-Ni复合材料层与镍层的结合区域,断口形貌呈现为韧性断裂。经过60次700°C至室温的水淬热震测试,接头无裂纹出现。     

保温时间对TiAl合金与镍基合金扩散连接界面组织结构及连接强度的影响

采用纯钛箔做中间层扩散连接TiAl合金与镍基高温合金(GH99).利用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对界面产物及接头的界面结构进行分析.结果表明,GH99/Ti界面主要由四个反应层组成,分别为(Ni,Cr)ss,富Ti-(Ni,Cr)ss,TiNi和Ti2Ni.当保温时间较短时,Ti/TiAl界面反应层主要为Ti(Al)ss.延长保温时间,此界面反应层转化为Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2.随着保温时间的延长,TiNi反应层厚度持续增加,而Ti2Ni反应层厚度先增加后减小.随保温时间的延长接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小,然后又增加.由接头断口形貌可以看出,接头主要断裂于Ti2Ni反应层.     

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating, and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. The interface microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests. The results show that the Ni interlayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds. The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂ phases, while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interface. The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interlayer. The joint with Ni interlayer annealed at 500 °C exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.     

镀铜/镍烧结钕铁硼永磁体与DP1180钢钎焊接头的组织与性能

采用Zn-6Sn-5Bi钎料对镀Cu/Ni的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢进行钎焊连接,对比分析了2种镀层条件下钎焊接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,对于镀Cu的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头,Cu在钎料中扩散并与Zn、Fe反应生成脆性金属间化合物,导致钎缝中出现裂纹和孔洞。与无镀层时的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头相比,接头的剪切强度由61.9 MPa降低至52.3 MPa;对于镀Ni的烧结NdFeB永磁体和DP1180钢的钎焊接头,Ni集中分布在NdFeB一侧的界面处,并且由于Sn和Bi的扩散形成了不同的扩散层,其剪切强度提高至78.1 MPa。     

Interfacial structure and mechanical properties of hot roll bonded joints between titanium alloy and stainless steel using copper interlayer

Abstract

The hot roll bonding was carried out in vacuum condition between titanium alloy and stainless steel using copper interlayer. The stainless steel/Cu can not be bonded if the bonding temperature is lower than or equal to 730°C, and the Cu–Ti alloy can not be bonded if the bonding temperature is higher than or equal to 880°C. The testing results show that the total thickness of intermetallic layers at the interface between copper and titanium alloy increases with the bonding temperature, and the tensile strength of bonded joints decreases with increasing bonding temperature. The maximum strength of 343 MPa was obtained at the bonding temperature of 780°C, the reduction of 20% and the rolling speed of 38 mm s^–1.