FS—620型饲料粉碎机

在毛主席关于发展养猪业的指示的指引下,我省养猪业有了很大发展。而解决好饲料问题,则是发展养猪业的关键问题之一。我省地多,饲料来源广,大量的玉米、大豆等作物的秸秆,经粉碎都是养猪     

畜牧伦理视角下古今养猪业比较

<正>一般认为,畜牧伦理是指人在畜牧生产中的行为与道德规范,囊括动物福利、动物食品安全、生态环境等问题,其核心是将伦理规范应用于畜牧生产实践中,以此推动畜牧业与人类社会的可持续发展。现代养猪业脱离了传统养猪业中的种养结合、农户散养模式,实现了规模化、集约化经营,配方饲料及饲料添加剂的使用也大大提高了养猪的经济效益,但却带来了诸如动物福利、食品安全以及生态环境等伦理问题。本文试图从畜牧伦理角度,比较古今养猪业变迁的利弊,反思当今养猪业存在的问题,以期对当今养猪业的健康发展提供启示。     

浅析猪病治疗难的原因及解决对策

在人们的日常生活中,菜篮子是一项重要的组成部分,在人们的菜篮子中对于肉类的选择多为猪肉,这样也推进了我国养猪业的发展。近年来,我国的养猪业经历了很多的波折,不仅是市场供求方面的问题,猪的疾病问题一直在某种程度上制约着这个养猪业的发展。文章就猪病在治疗方面存在的问题进行了相关的分析,并且提出了一些解决的对策,希望以此可以促进我国养猪业的健康发展。     

国务院办公厅《关于稳定生猪生产促进转型升级的意见》

正各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:养猪业是关乎国计民生的重要产业,猪肉是我国大多数居民最主要的肉食品。发展生猪生产,对于保障人民群众生活、稳定物价、保持经济平稳运行和社会大局稳定具有重要意义。近年来,我国养猪业综合生产能力明显提升,但产业布局不合理、基层动物防疫体系不健全等问题仍然突出,一些地方忽视甚至限制养猪业发展,猪肉市场供应阶段性偏     

从“瘦肉精”事件看我国肉类加工企业面临的“困局”

猪肉是中国老百姓第一大肉食来源,养猪业是中国历史悠久的最主要的畜牧产业。养猪业不仅转化人们不能直接利用的资源,肥沃了用以产粮的农田,改善了生活质量,同时也成为农民增收的重要来源。因此,     

对我国养猪业资源节约和环境保护工作的几点思考

中国人口众多,粮食人均占有量不高,粮食安全问题是一个极为重要的问题.中国养猪业生猪年饲养量在10亿头以上,是大量消耗粮食资源和严重影响环境的一个行业,因此,养猪业的资源节约和环境保护工作需要引起高度的重视.为此,通过对中国养猪业现状的分析,提出了完善生猪饲料国家标准,及时把握饲料原料质量,进一步提高饲料利用率,如何设计科学合理的配方及猪粪无害处理和利用的一些思考.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎的综合防控

猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)是被国际公认的危害现代养猪业的重要疫病之一,近年来该病的流行呈迅速上升趋势,危害日趋严重,给集约化养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。根据临床诊疗经验,将其综合防制措施总结,供参考。     

“后抗生素”时代来临 中国养猪业怎么应对

正"饲料无抗"愈演愈烈,面对"后抗生素"时代,世界各国的养殖业都在积极求变、冷静应对。面对"饲料禁抗",美国的养猪业者表示他们已经做好准备,而我们中国的养猪业该如何应对即将到来的"后抗生素"时代?中美养猪业的实际情况存在巨大差异,无论是养殖规模还是养殖水平,都存在着明显的差距,单纯学习美国做法是不可取的。然"他山之石可以攻玉",虽然我们不能完全效仿美国养     

猪业呈现新常态 转型升级莫等待

当前,我国正处于经济转型的重要时期,生猪产业无疑也在经历着结构调整与转型升级的重大变革。有人说,养猪业从来没有像今天这样混乱而矛盾,就像钱钟书在《围城》里所说的,里面的人想出去,外面的人想进来;也有人说,资本、技术、政策、消费四种力量正在改造甚至颠覆着养猪业,今后养猪将越来越难。在市场经济时代,这些状况或将长期存在,但古老的养猪业注定会是一个不老的产业。     

在“一个健康”理念下完善中国养猪业中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的监管体系（英文）

在中国,每年大约会消耗15~20万吨抗生素,其中一半用于人类医药,另一半则用于饲料,主要集中在养猪业中。近些年,中国对于人用抗生素的监管逐渐规范起来,但是对于兽用抗生素的监管还有不足。饲料中抗生素的滥用不仅会影响牲畜健康,同时会影响相关从业者及消费者的健康。中国作为猪肉生产和消费的大国,鼻腔耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的平均流行率高于其他亚洲国家。因此,应当建立健全的监管体系严格规范抗生素使用,降低MRSA对养猪业的影响。本文介绍了中国养猪业现状、MRSA对动物和人类健康的影响,尤其是MRSA在养猪业相关从业人员中的携带、分布和传播现状,同时,分析了国内现有监管体系和相关利益者的关系,从而提出相关部门可以通过新增专项监控经费、完善全产业链监测或建立基于科学研究的长期监测项目等方式来完善现有监管体系,对养猪业全产业链中的MRSA进行监测并评估其风险。     

Effect of enzymes,flavor and organic acids on nutrient digestibility,performance and carcass traits of growing–finishing pigs fed diets containing dehydrated lucerne meal

BACKGROUND: We recently determined that 150 g kg^?1 of lucerne meal can be fed during the finishing period without detrimental effects on pig performance but lucerne should be limited to less than 75 g kg^?1 during the growing period. Lucerne has a high fiber content, is poorly digested and contains antinutritional factors such as saponins which reduce palatability. Therefore, pig performance could be enhanced by supplementing lucerne‐containing diets with feed additives such as flavors, enzymes or organic acids. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of these additives on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits when fed to growing‐finishing swine fed diets containing lucerne. RESULTS: Flavor and enzyme had no effect on nutrient digestibility, pig performance or carcass traits. During the growing period, inclusion of propionic and acetic acids increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy. Weight gain and intake also increased (P < 0.05). None of the additives had any effect on pig performance during the finishing period or on carcass traits. CONCLUSION: During the growing period, including 200 g kg^?1 lucerne was detrimental to pig performance. Addition of organic acid improved pig performance and nutrient digestibility. During the finishing period, 200 g kg^?1 lucerne can be successfully incorporated into pig diets without negative effects on pig performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

豌豆在生长猪日粮中应用效果的研究

试验选用 96头体重为 18.9± 2 .5kg的三元杂交 (北京黑×长白×杜洛克 )生长猪 ,随机分为 3个处理 ,处理1为玉米 -豆粕对照组 ;处理 2为用豌豆蛋白取代 2 5 %的基础日粮蛋白组 ;处理 3为用豌豆蛋白取代 5 0 %的基础日粮蛋白组。每个处理 8个重复 ,每个重复 4头猪 ,测定生长猪的生长性能。结果表明 ,试验前期用豌豆蛋白取代基础日粮的部分蛋白 ,可使生长猪的日增重和采食量均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而饲料增重比无明显变化。随着生长猪日龄增加 ,豌豆对其生长性能的影响逐渐减小     

Reduction of Odorous Compounds in Fresh Pig Slurry by Dietary Control of Crude Protein

Two diets containing reduced levels of crude protein for both growing (35–65 kg) and finishing (65–95 kg) pigs were tested against standard commercial diets to determine changes in the odorants produced in fresh slurry. The experimental diets were formulated on a least cost basis using either a full commercial database or with restriction mainly to home-grown (UK) cereals and pulses. Synthetic essential amino acids were included in both formulations to obtain essential amino acids in an ideal protein ratio, with the crude protein being as low as possible. Nitrogen excretion by both growing and finishing pigs offered the low crude protein diets was significantly lower (P<0·001) than that of pigs offered the commercial diets. Major odorants responsible for pig odour from slurries were identified and their concentrations determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Five out of 10 odorants from slurries produced by growing pigs were significantly lower (P<0·05) in concentration for each of the low crude protein diets compared with the commercial diet. For the finishing pigs, nine out of ten odorants from slurries for the least cost and four odorants for the home grown diets were significantly lower (P<0·05) than slurry produced from the commercial diet. Reducing dietary nitrogen and providing essential amino acids in an ideal protein ratio not only decreases the nitrogen excreted by the pig, but also reduces odorants produced in the resultant slurries.     

Determination of the biological value of a protein source with a supposedly ideal amino acid balance (a.r.c. 1981) for the young pig (10 to 20 kg liveweight)

Fourteen entire-male pigs of 16 kg mean liveweight were given a synthetic diet, the sole protein source of which comprised enzymically hydrolysed casein and free synthetic amino acids. The amino acid balance of the 80 g kg^?1 crude protein diet was formulated to equal the Agricultural Research Council (1981) recommended ideal amino acid balance for the growing pig (20 to 90 kg liveweight). In two separate metabolism trials the biological value (BV) of the diet was estimated to be 0.86±0.012 (n=8) and 0.82±0.025 (n=5), respectively. Both BVs were significantly lower than unity, indicating that this dietary amino acid balance was less than ideal for the young pig.     

性别对杜长大商品猪生产性能的影响

研究不同性别对杜长大杂交猪生长速度、胴体品质和眼肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明,阉公猪肌肉48小时肉色黄度、肌内脂肪、丙二醛含量显著高于母猪(P<0.05),生长速度、屠宰率、眼肌面积及肌肉成分含量等在本试验情况下均未见明显差异。     

膨化蓖麻粕的饲用

用强饲法测定膨化蓖麻粕的鸡代谢能和真可消化氨基酸 .在此基础上 ,进行肉用仔鸡和生长猪的饲养试验 .试验结果 :膨化蓖麻粕的鸡代谢能为 9.2 9MJ/kg ,各种氨基酸消化率为 :Asp86.7% ,Thr 77.3 % ,Ser 81 .1 % ,Glu 90 .0 % ,Gly 54.2 % ,Ala 78.5% ,Cys 82 .9% ,Val83 .2 % ,Met80 .2 % ,Ile 83 .2 % ,Leu 81 .3 % ,Tyr 79.6% ,Phe 84 .4 % ,Lys 74 .3 % ,His 90 .5% ,Arg 92 .3 % .肉鸡饲养试验表明 ,前、中、后期分别加 3 %、6%、9%的膨化蓖麻粕对肉鸡生长无不良影响 .生长猪试验表明 ,前期加 5%的膨化蓖麻粕对猪无不良影响 ,后期加 1 6%的膨化蓖麻粕对猪的生长也无不良影响 .以上结果表明 ,膨化蓖麻粕是一种营养价值良好的饲料资源 .     

屠宰猪肝脏的纤维化检测

为探讨当前屠宰猪的健康状况,应用Mallory三色染色对某地区291例屠宰猪肝脏的样品进行纤维化检验。结果发现屠宰猪的肝脏出现了不同程度的纤维化,仅有60例（20.6%）未发现可见的纤维化。在发生纤维化的样品中初期（S1期）和中期（S2期）为主,分别为119例（40.9%）和73例（25.1%）,部分样品出现了肝硬化。结果表明屠宰猪生长过程受到多种不良因素的影响,屠宰过程中应加强检疫。     

The effect of food dry matter intake on endogenous ileal amino acid excretion determined under peptide alimentation in the 50 kg liveweight pig

The daily ileal excretion of amino acids was measured at different food dry matter intakes for the 50 kg liveweight pig under conditions of peptide alimentation. The experiment comprised two cross-over design trials each involving four pairs of entire male pigs fitted with simple T-cannulae at the terminal ileum and fed a hydrolysed casein semi-synthetic diet. Each pair of pigs received one of four sequences of food dry matter intake arranged in a Latin square design, namely 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 (Trial 1) and 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.11 (Trial 2) of metabolic body weight (W^0.75) day^?1. Each pig received the diet at its described level of intake for 8 days, with continuous 24 h collection of ileal digesta on the fifth and eighth days. Chromic oxide was included in the diet to permit correction of ileal flows to complete digesta collection. Pooled digesta from each pig at each level of dry matter intake were centrifuged and ultrafiltered and the high-molecular-weight fraction was analysed for amino acid and nitrogen contents. There were significant (P < 0.05) linear relationships between endogenous ileal amino acid, nitrogen and dry matter excretion (mg day^?1) and food dry matter intake (g day^?1) except for lysine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine which increased in a curvilinear manner (P < 0.05). The results indicate that dietary dry matter intake influences endogenous excretion from the ileum. The relationships, determined under physiological conditions, provide preliminary data on the magnitude of small intestinal amino acid loss in the young growing pig.     

Pig zona pellucida 2 (pZP2) protein does not participate in zona pellucida formation in transgenic mice

The zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding mammalian oocytes, is composed of three or four glycoproteins. It is well known that the zona pellucida plays several critical roles during fertilization, but there is little knowledge about its formation. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a pig zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (pZP2) would assemble with mouse zona pellucida. A transgene construct was prepared by placing a minigene encoding pZP2 downstream from the promoter of mouse ZP2. The result showed that the transgenic protein was synthesized in growing oocytes but not incorporated into the zona pellucida. Furthermore, the pZP2 transgene did not rescue the phenotype in ZP2-knockout zona-deficient mice. These results indicate that pZP2 does not participate in mouse zona pellucida formation and the zona pellucida is constituted from its component proteins in a molecular species-specific manner between mice and pigs.     

云南两个地方猪和杜洛克猪的营养成分比较

对火毛撒坝猪、高黎贡山猪、杜洛克猪的生长性状、胴体性能、肉质性状进行比较,为云南两个优质地方猪种的保护与开发利用提供理论依据。试验饲养火毛撒坝猪、高黎贡山猪、杜洛克猪各10头(5♂,5♀),至260日龄随机屠宰各猪种6头(3♂,3♀),测定其生长性状、胴体性能、肉质性状、肌肉组织学特性、脂肪酸、氨基酸和胆固醇,并进行显著性比较分析。结果说明:高黎贡山猪猪肉风味、口感更好,营养价值更高;火毛撒坝猪胆固醇含量低,保健性能更佳,但沉脂率强,在饲养方式上有待改进;杜洛克猪仍保持外来猪种的特性,但鲜味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量比火毛撒坝猪高,还需进一步研究。