MnO2和K2Cr2O7氧化盐酸制备Cl2条件的讨论

本文应用Nernst方程讨论了无机化学中MnO2、K2Cr2O7作为氧化剂氧化盐酸制备氯气的实验条件.     

Nb2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CaO-SiO2体系相平衡研究

为揭示Nb2O5-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-CaO-SiO2多元含铌炉渣体系中的铌矿物的定向结晶规律，采用高温相平衡—冷淬—SEM-EDS/XRD/EMPA试验方法，考察了温度、钙硅比（CaO/SiO2）、Nb2O5含量等因素对炉渣相平衡关系的影响，并构建了含铌矿物结晶析出的优势相图。结果表明：铌的结晶矿物主要有三种，分别为Ca2Nb2O7、Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)和3CaO?MgO?Nb2O5；铌先富集于液相，相较于脉石组分，含铌固相为后析出相；CaO/SiO2增加会使含铌固相优势区间发生从Ca2Nb2O7相到Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)相、再到3CaO?MgO?Nb2O5相的转变。Ca2Nb2O7相的优势析晶区间为：温度1 050~1 200 ℃，C/S=0.8~1.2。Nb2O5在Ca(14-x)Nb(2+x)Si8O(35+1.5x)相中的嵌布质量浓度在18.5%~19.5%。     

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In order to accurately control the rare earth content in liquid steel in electroslag remelting (ESR) process, according to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) of slag structure and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic calculating model for the evaluation of mass action concentrations (designated by Ni for structure unit i) for La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system was formulated. The results show that the calculated values of NLa2O3 are in good agreement with the reported measured values, indicating that this calculating model can wholly embody the characteristics of the slag system. The activity of La2O3 decreases with the increasing of the Al2O3 and CaF2 content, and Al2O3 is stronger than CaF2 in decreasing the activity of La2O3. But the activity of La2O3 increase with the increasing in temperature at the composition range of 30% La2O3, 20% Al2O3, 50% CaF2. Above all, the activity of La2O3 in La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 slag system can be quantitatively analyzed by this thermodynamic model, and this model can provide a theoretical basis for precisely controlling the lanthanum content in molten steel in ESR process.     

铁粉-H_2O_2对PdCl_3SC(NH_2)_2~-的还原

以含PdCl_3SC(NH_2)_2~-溶液为原料,采用Fe-H_2O_2还原法回收溶液中的钯,研究了还原过程的机理,考察了pH、还原时间、H_2O_2用量和铁粉用量对还原率的影响。结果表明,铁粉被氧化后的Fe~(2+)可催化H_2O_2而产生氧化能力极强的·OH自由基,该自由基对复杂的PdCl_3SC(NH_2)_2~-结构具有很强的破坏力,使稳定的PdCl_3SC(NH_2)_2~-以PdCl _4~(2-)形态分离出来,提高了铁对钯的还原性能。在溶液体积20mL,25℃,pH=2,H_2O_2用量0.10mL/mL,反应时间60min和铁粉用量0.50mg/mL的条件下,钯的平均还原率可达99.25%。     

O2/N2与O2/CO2气氛下Fe2O3与K2CO3对无烟煤催化燃烧反应性的影响

利用综合热分析仪研究了O2/N2与O2/CO2气氛下Fe2O3与K2CO3对无烟煤催化燃烧反应性的影响。结果表明,在O2/CO2气氛下,Fe2O3与K2CO3均可以催化无烟煤粉的燃烧,但其催化作用要弱于O2/N2气氛,且在低氧气浓度的O2/CO2气氛下对Fe2O3与K2CO3的抑制作用大于高氧气浓度。氧气浓度为20%~80%时,K2CO3在O2/N2气氛下催化煤粉前期燃烧使燃烧由反应控制转变为扩散控制,Fe2O3则只在氧气浓度为20%时能改变煤粉前期燃烧的控制步骤;而Fe2O3与K2CO3在O2/CO2气氛下均只能在氧气浓度为20%时改变煤粉前期燃烧的控制步骤,由反应控制转变为扩散控制。     

I_2-KI-H_2O_2体系下金溶解速率的影响因素分析

分别采用正交试验法和单因素试验法考察I_2-KI-H_2O_2体系下碘质量分数、n(I_2)/n(I~-)比值、双氧水用量、固液比对金溶解速率的影响程度,以及碘化钾质量分数、m(I_2)/m(I~-)比值、双氧水用量、溶液温度和溶液pH对金溶解时间的影响,然后对金溶解后的溶液进行稳定性测试。结果表明,各因素影响程度大小顺序依次为固液比、双氧水用量、n(I_2)/n(I~-)比值、碘质量分数。当碘化钾质量分数为0.2～0.25g/mL、m(I_2)/m(I~-)=1∶5～1∶4、双氧水用量0.7～0.9mL、温度室温、pH为原溶液状态时,金溶解速率最大,溶液的稳定性可以满足使用要求。     

Density of Na2O-Li2O-SiO2-B2O3 Molten Slag at 1 803——1 873 K

The density of three kinds of molten slags was measured by modified sessile dropmethod at 1 803 1 873 K. The density of molten slag is found to decrease with increasing tem-perature. The temperature coefficients of Na2 O-Li2--SiO2 and Li2O-SiO2-B2O3 slag are smallerthan that of Na20-B2O3 slag. The molar volume of slags increases with increasing temperature.     

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系的结晶温度

通过差热分析仪测定了CaO-SiO2—Na2O-CaF2—Al2O3—MgO系连铸结晶器保护渣的结晶温度。在本实验渣系条件下，连铸保护渣的结晶温度随着渣中CaO／SiO2值、Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加而升高，随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加而降低。化学成分通过改变粘度，来影响晶核形成速度和晶体成长速度，从而决定了连铸保护渣的结晶性能。结晶温度随着保护渣粘度的降低而升高。     

La2-2xSr2xCu2yO3±z的微乳液法合成及表征

采用微乳液法,以La2O3、Sr(NO3)2、CuO为原料,制备理论配比为La2-2xSr2xCu2yO3±z的超微粒子.通过X-衍射、扫描电镜和交流阻抗技术对粉体进行表征.在x=0.07和x=0.10时,经600℃下灼烧后,分别得到La1.86Sr0.14CuO4.08和(La0.9Sr0.1)2CuO4固熔体,它们的晶粒尺寸都小于60nm;在600℃下的电导率分别为6.5×10-3 S·cm-1和5.7×10-3 S·cm-1.     

显微组织对Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Zr-2Cr-Si合金断裂性能的影响

Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Zr-2Cr-Si(Ti-62222S)合金是70年代初由RMI钛公司开发的，合金既具有α型合金良好的高温强度和抗蠕变性能又具有α+β型合金高断裂韧性和高强度。可预料将广泛地用作为航空结构材料。     

CaCl_2-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2熔盐体系基础性质研究

分析了加入不同质量分数的CaO-SiO_2对CaCl_2-CaF_2空白熔盐的电导率、密度以及初晶温度的影响。结果表明,每添加2%的CaO-SiO_2,熔盐体系的初晶温度平均升高17.5℃、密度相应增加0.015 1g/cm~3、电导率增大0.224 13S/cm,侧面论证了CaO-SiO_2在基础体系中以硅酸盐分子形式存在。     

纳米SiO2的CO2沉淀法制备

以CO2和硅酸钠为原料的CO2沉淀法是制备纳米SiO2的一种常用方法,报道了将CO2和硅酸钠溶液同时通入具有一定pH 值的溶液中进行反应的新工艺.实验确定了制备纳米SiO2的最佳工艺条件.在最佳工艺条件下制备出平均粒径在40～50nm的SiO2超细纳米粉,通过TEM的方法对其进行了表征.     

BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2三元系熔盐电解体系的物理化学性质

研究了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2三元系电解质体系的物理化学性质,为熔盐电解法制备Al-Ca合金奠定基础.采用阿基米德法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系的密度;采用差热-热重分析法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系初晶温度;采用连续变化电导池常数(CVCC)法,测定了BaF2-CaF2-CaCl2体系的电导率;采用循环伏安法研究了该体系的电化学行为.     

β—2CaO·SiO2的水化及与CO2的反应

研究了β－２ＣａＯ·ＳｉＯ２于稀碱液水热条件下的水化及与ＣＯ２的反应，最终反应产物为ＣａＣＯ３，ＳｉＯ２ｎＨ２Ｏ。当溶液中ＳｉＯ２浓度处于上升阶段所形成的ＣａＣＯ３包裹ＳｉＯ２·ｎＨ２Ｏ的团粒结构，其料浆的流动性最佳。     

TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的制备及力学性能

以MoSi2、Ti和B4C粉为原料,采用高温热压技术原位合成不同体积百分数TiC-TiB2强韧化MoSi2复合材料,研究了TiC-TiB2颗粒对MoSi2基体材料显微组织结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,采用MoSi2、Ti和B4C粉为原料进行热压原位合成是可行的.30%TIC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的抗弯强度和维氏硬度分别达到468.3 MPa和17 070,与纯MoSi2比较,分别增加了63.2%和83.5%.随着TiC-TiB2体积分数的增加,TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的晶粒大小明显细化,断裂方式由沿晶断裂为主向穿晶断裂为主转变,强化机制是细晶强化和弥散强化.     

O_2-C_2H_2燃焰法沉积金刚石薄膜工艺研究

本文通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察、拉曼光谱(Raman)分析研究了O_2-C_2H_2系燃焰法沉积金刚石薄膜的整体生长特征及气体配比与基底在火焰中所处位置对金刚石生长习性、沉积速率及合成质量的影响。     

B2O3对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-CaF2五元精炼渣系熔化特性的影响

通过半球点法研究了B2O3对40．5％-70．0％CaO-19％～45％Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-CaF2五元渣系熔化温度和完全熔化时间的影响。实验结果表明，当渣中CaO含量为40．5％～60％，CaF2 2％-10％，（B2O3％）／（CaF2％）为0．17—0．33时，渣系的熔化温度较不加B2O3的五元渣平均降低30℃，完全熔化时间平均降低49s。合适的多元脱硫精炼渣系的成分为60％CaO，19％-30％Al2O3，≤10％（MgO＋SiO2），2％～6％CaF2，（B2O3）／（CaF2）=0．17。