转子电流变阻尼器系统振动模糊控制的实验研究

电流变液是一种智能材料 ,它具有控制方便、反应快等特点 ,适合于振动控制方面的应用。本文针对摩擦板式电流变阻尼器转子振动系统设计了自适应模糊逻辑控制策略 ,进行了转子系统振动主动控制的实验研究 ,验证了自适应模糊控制方法的有效性。实验表明 ,模糊逻辑控制方法具有算法实现简易、善于利用专家的经验以及自适应能力强等诸多优点 ;转子电流变阻尼器振动系统在模糊逻辑控制器的控制之下 ,不但一阶临界振动得到有效抑制 ,而且其它转速下的振动幅值也大大降低     

电流变液与压电陶瓷复合的自适应阻尼器设计和...

设计制作了两种电流变液与压电陶瓷复合的自适应阻尼器,其特点是：压电陶瓷响应振动产生高电压,用这个高电压直接去激励固化阻尼器内的电流变液实现了阻尼的自动调节。随着振动频率,振幅的变化,电流变液的响应改变,形成对振动的自适应控制。     

径向电涡流阻尼器对柔性转子系统振动的控制

为了抑制转子系统的振动和研发高性能的转子系统振动主动控制执行元件,基于电涡流原理提出了一种新型的转子系统径向电涡流阻尼器,在一个带有双盘的柔性转子系统上详细地测量了不同磁场强度条件下径向电涡流阻尼器支撑的转子系统在非旋转状态下的传递函数、在恒定转速下的运动轨道以及在慢加速运行过程中的不平衡响应曲线,并进行了利用径向电涡流阻尼器对转子系统的振动进行分段和比例控制的有效性试验。结果表明了这种新型的径向电涡流阻尼器不仅具有结构简单、无需流体介质、无机械接触等特点,而且其动力特性还容易控制,在设计合理的条件下能够显著地减小转子系统的振动,是一种被动和主动兼备具有良好发展和应用前景的转子系统阻尼结构。     

电流变液体阻尼器数学模型研究

分析了电流变液体(ERF)阻尼器的工作原理，建立了它的数学模型。描述了电流变液体阻尼器阻尼力与控制电场之间的关系。在理论上将压降△p分成流体黏性阻尼引起的和有控制电场引起的两部分。该模型为电流变液体阻尼器的力学分析和计算提供了理论基础。     

转子系统径向电涡流阻尼器

基于电涡流原理提出了一种新型的转子系统径向电涡流阻尼器，分析了这种阻尼器的结构和动力模型，并在不同磁场强度条件下测量、研究了径向电涡流阻尼器所支撑的柔性转子系统在非旋转状态下的传递函数、在恒定转速下的运动轨道,以及在慢加速运行过程中的不平衡响应。结果表明：这种新型的径向电涡流阻尼器不仅具有结构简单、无需工作介质、无机械接触等特点，而且还可以对其动力特性进行控制，能够显著地减小转子系统的振动。     

挤压油膜阻尼器非线性特性实验研究

针对挤压油膜阻尼器转子系统的动力学特点,实验研究了大不平衡量条件下转子的非线性振动特性;同时研究了转子变速过程角加速度、滑油温度以及阻尼器静偏心对转子非线性振动的影响。结果表明:大不平衡量条件下转子系统可能出现非线性振动跳跃;增大转子变速过程角加速度,降低油温,可抑制非线性振动跳跃;提高阻尼器内外环同心度,减小阻尼器静偏心,可提高阻尼器减振性能,同时抑制非线性振动跳跃;阻尼器设计时必须考虑重力影响,为转子设计预置偏心。     

自耦合电流变阻尼器及其性能

电流变液与压电陶瓷组合的阻尼器是一种自耦合阻尼器。对直压式自耦合电流变阻尼器的性能进行了理论计算,并制作了直压式自耦合电流变液阻尼器。性能测试表明:压电陶瓷激励了电流变液;电流变液阻尼的变化改变了阻尼器的共振频率,并使振动幅度降低最高达30％。     

ER智能阻尼器的试验研究

对ER智能阻尼器的结构设计、阻力公式推导简要介绍的基础上,通过改变其电流变液的种类、电压的大小、电场的面积以及电极间的距离等结构参数,对所设计的电流变智能阻尼器进行了试验研究,分别测定了阻尼器阻力的变化。试验结果及分析对ER智能阻尼器的结构设计有重要的参考价值。     

磁流变阻尼器抑制转子系统振动试验

针对大型旋转机械通过临界转速时振动过大及运行中故障频发等问题,搭建转子试验台,模拟启停机过程和碰摩、不对中故障。不改变原有支撑形式,安装自主设计的磁流变阻尼器,在不停机的情况下,试验研究阻尼器抑制转子通过临界转速时振动过大及各类故障振动。试验结果表明,阻尼器可以有效抑制转子系统临界转速附近的振动,降幅在60%以上;转子发生碰摩或不对中故障时,阻尼器可以降低其高倍频振动。     

电流变减振器在数控车床上的应用研究

电流变技术是电流变现象或电流变效应在工程实践中成功应用的一门技术,为了提高数控车床的加工精度,在分析了数控车床振动特性的基础上,设计了一种基于电流变液的数控车床刀具减振器,应用于抑制切削振动和振动控制。由于电流变液快速、可逆固液化以及易于控制的特性,为了能将数控车床上的振动量减少一个数量级,可以通过选择合理电流变液阻尼器的相关参数和正确设计振幅实时控制系统的方法,从而满足对数控车床减振的要求。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的转子系统振动PID控制研究

针对大型旋转机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,搭建了转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式的基础上,将磁流变阻尼器作为辅助机构安装在转子上,通过实验研究了阻尼器对转子振动的影响规律。提出了一种PID控制策略,设计了转子振动主动控制系统,以振动幅值为反馈参数,实时调节阻尼器电流,在线抑制转子振动。研究结果表明,该阻尼器可以有效抑制转子临界转速附近的振动,降幅可达90%;通过采用PID控制策略,可根据转子振动变化在线改变控制电流,使转子振动稳定在目标值附近,实现了转子系统开机加速过程振动的自动调控。     

转子干摩擦阻尼器及其减振机理

建立了用于转子系统的干摩擦阻尼器的结构模型和力学模型 ,分析了带干摩擦阻尼器转子的运动 ,探明了干摩擦阻尼器的阻尼效果和镇定机理 ,给出了确定干摩擦阻尼器镇定边界的能量平衡方法。分析结果表明 ,干摩擦阻尼器可用于转子系统减振和失稳振动的镇定     

A non-linear integrated aeroelasticity method for the prediction of turbine forced response with friction dampers

The aim of this paper is to describe an integrated aeroelasticity model for turbine blade forced response predictions. Such an approach requires a successful integration of the unsteady aerodynamics with non-linear structural dynamics, the latter arising from the use of root friction dampers to dissipate energy so that the response levels can be kept as low as possible. The inclusion of friction dampers is known to raise the resonant frequencies by up to 20% from the standard assembly frequencies, a shift that is not known prior to the aeroelasticity calculations because of its possible dependence on the unsteady excitation. An iterative procedure was therefore developed in order to determine the resonance shift under the effects of both unsteady dynamic loading and non-linear friction dampers. The iterative procedure uses a viscous, non-linear time-accurate flow representation for evaluating the aerodynamic forcing, a look-up table for determining the aerodynamic boundary conditions at any speed, and a time-domain friction damping module for resonance tracking. The methodology was applied to a high-pressure turbine rotor test case where the resonances of interest were due to first torsion and second flap blade modes under 40 engine-order excitation. The forced response computations were conducted using a multi-bladerow approach in order to avoid errors associated with “linking” single bladerow computations since the spacing between the bladerows was relatively small. Three friction damper elements, representing one actual friction damper, were used for each rotor blade. The number of rotor blades was decreased by 2–90 to obtain a cyclic sector of 4 stator and 9 stator blades. Such a route allowed the analysis to be conducted on a much smaller domain, hence reducing the computational effort significantly. However, the stator blade geometry was skewed in order to adjust the mass flow rate. Frequency shifts of 3.2% and 20.0% were predicted for the 40 engine-order resonances in torsion and bending modes, respectively. The predicted frequency shifts and the dynamic behaviour of the friction dampers were found to be within the measured range. Furthermore, the measured and predicted blade vibration amplitudes showed a good agreement with available experimental data, indicating that the methodology can be applied to typical industrial problems.     

Measurements of Squeeze-Film Bearing Forces and Pressures,Including the Effect of Fluid Inertia

Squeeze-film dampers are commonly applied to high-speed rotating machinery, such as aircraft engines, to reduce vibration problems. The Reynolds theory of hydrodynamic lubrication has been used for the design and modeling of dampers in rotor dynamic systems despite typical modified Reynolds numbers in applications between ten and fifty. Lubrication theory is strictly valid for Reynolds numbers much less than one, which means that fluid viscous forces are much greater than inertia forces. Theoretical papers which account for fluid inertia in squeeze films have predicted large discrepancies from lubrication theory, but these results have not found wide acceptance by workers in the field. Recently, experimental results on the behavior of rotor dynamic systems have been reported which strongly support the existence of large fluid inertia forces. In the present paper, direct measurements of damper forces and pressures are presented for tile first time at high Reynolds number. Reynolds numbers up to 13 are obtained at eccentricity ratios 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8. Lubrication theory underpredicts the measured forces by up to a factor of two (100 percent error). Qualitative agreement is found with predictions of improved theories which include fluid inertia forces.     

一种新型油膜阻尼内圆磨床砂轮主轴

介绍了一种带挤压油膜阻尼器的新型内圆磨床砂轮主轴,该种砂轮主轴具有优良的抗振性能,可使精密孔的加工质量提高15%以上,在机械加工领域具有十分重要的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。     

On the vibration of rotor-bearing system with squeeze film damper in an energy storage flywheel

The permanent magnetic bearing and the small-sized hydrodynamic spiral groove bearing are utilized as supports for the rotor of the energy storage flywheel system. The hydrodynamic bearing and the squeeze film damper do not need the oil cycle to remove the heat caused by friction because the friction loss is small. The linear dynamics model with four degrees of freedom is built to describe the vibration of the flywheel rotor-bearing system. The squeeze film dampers show good behavior in suppressing the vibration and improving the stability of the rotor-bearing system. The analytical solution of the dynamic characteristic coefficients of the squeeze film is achieved from Reynolds equation after some simplifications are taken. The numerical computation shows that the moment unbalance excites larger vibration of the rotor than the force unbalance. The upper damper plays an important role in helping the rotor pass its critical speed. The damping coefficient of the squeeze film dampers should be selected carefully. The flywheel arrived at the speed of 39,000 rpm and stored the energy of 308 Wh in the experiment. The calculated unbalance response is compared to the test response of the rotor storing quantities of kinetic energy. The comparison indicates that the dynamics model of the rotor-bearing-damper system is appropriate.     

半主动TMD控制双跨轴系过临界振动的研究

针对多轴串联机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,对调谐质量阻尼器在双跨轴系振动控制中的应用进行了研究。并基于转子结构,设计了具有对称结构的笼式半主动调谐质量阻尼器用于控制轴系振动;搭建了双跨转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式上,在两根轴上分别安装了调谐质量阻尼器,对调谐质量阻尼器对轴系各跨转子振动的影响规律进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,不可控调谐质量阻尼器可以有效抑制安装所在轴临界转速附近的振动,对相邻轴影响较小,但会引起新共振峰。根据此实验结果通过开关控制策略实现调谐质量阻尼器半主动控制,说明半主动调谐质量阻尼器可以在不停机的情况下,抑制转子轴系通过各阶临界转速时的振动,避免失谐。     

磁流变液阻尼器-柔性转子系统振动特性与控制的再研究

对先前提出的理论分析模型进行适当改进，用新模型对支承在磁流变液阻尼器上的单盘悬臂柔性转子系统的振动特性和控制技术进行再研究。研究表明，随着磁流变液阻尼器的库仑阻尼力的增大，系统在无阻尼临界转速处振幅明显下降，但在两阶临界转速之间的一定转速区振幅增加；同时，随着库仑阻尼力的增加，阻尼器轴承处的振幅在几乎所有转速时都被减小，甚至在某些转速区间该轴承被“锁住”，而且轴承能够振动的区间越来越窄。这说明转子系统从一个弹性支承系统逐步转化为一个准刚性支承系统，阻尼器支承的有效刚度越来越大，使得一阶有阻尼临界转速逐渐提高，并逐渐接近刚支临界转速。根据这些特性，提出通过开关控制抑止转子通过两阶临界转速过程中的振动，并使转子振幅在全转速区达到最小。仿真结果表明，系统能平稳通过两阶临界转速。     

Application of ER gel with variable friction surface to the clamp system of aerostatic slider

An electro-rheological fluid (ERF) is a functional fluid whose viscoelastic properties vary according to the intensity of the applied electric field. ERFs are mixtures of nonconductive silicone oil and inorganic/organic composite electro-rheological particles. The properties of ERFs have been exploited to control the performance of machine elements. ERFs have been applied to machine elements such as variable dampers and clutches. However, ERFs have disadvantages, namely the sedimentation of ER particles and the requirement of a seal mechanism. The sedimentation of ER particles reduces the ER effects and results in low stability of ER devices. In order to suppress the sedimentation, and thereby improve the performance of ERF devices, a new functional material called the gel-structured ERF (ERG) is developed, whose basic properties are analyzed in this study. The ER particles are suspended in the gel component, and thus will not precipitate out. This suppresses the decrease in the ER effect caused by precipitation. The ERG developed shows a large shear stress variation in response to the applied electric field. This high performance of ERG originates in a mechanism different from the ER effects of ERF. In order to elucidate the mechanism in ERG, the behavior of ER particles was observed under an electric field. The results show that the contact conditions at the interface between electrode and ERG change rapidly in response to the applied electric field, which result in a variation in shear force. On the basis of the results of a preliminary analysis, ERG was applied to the precision clamp system of an aerostatic slider, and its performance was assessed experimentally.