环境中剧毒物二噁英的成因、危害及治理技术

综述二口恶英的来源、成因和危害 ,讨论前人在治理二口恶英方面所采用的热技术和非热技术及其存在的局限性。二口恶英治理的热技术包括高温过燃烧技术、红外脱毒技术、等离子体高温分解技术、熔盐脱毒技术、超临界水氧化技术、原位玻璃化技术等 ;非热技术包括化学脱氯技术、紫外光解技术、溶剂萃取技术、吸附技术、生物降解技术、化学降解技术、γ射线分解技术、光催化氧化技术等。文中还简要分析当前研究工作所面临的问题     

中国石化集团重点研究领域、重大技术开发、新产品开发

正一、中国石化集团重点研究领域勘探开发技术领域:海相油气勘探技术,陆相油气勘探技术,非常规油气资源勘探技术,难采储量有效动用技术,提高油气采收率技术,复杂条件下地球物理技术,钻井、测井、录井技术,储层改造技术,油田化学品技术,仪器、工具和装备技术。炼油技术领域:劣质原油加工与提高轻质油品收率技术,炼厂节能减排技术,炼化一体化技术,润滑油及其他石油产品生产技术,炼厂节能减排技术,非常规资源炼油技术。     

航空煤油生产技术发展现状

综述了航空煤油制备和精制技术,并对添加剂进行了简单的介绍.化石燃料航煤的制备技术主要包括石油炼制技术和费托合成技术;生物航煤的制备技术主要包括费托合成技术、热裂解技术、加氢技术和生物醇脱水-聚合技术.航煤精制技术主要包括非加氢精制技术、加氢精制技术和纤维膜精制等工艺技术,未来航煤精制技术的发展趋势是加氢精制技术和纤维膜...     

蒸汽裂解炉管表面抑制结焦技术研究进展

介绍了蒸汽裂解过程中抑制炉管结焦的主要技术(3D反应器技术、结焦抑制剂技术和炉管表面技术),着重综述了近十年来国内外蒸汽裂解炉管表面抑制结焦技术的研究进展,包括合金炉管材质技术、陶瓷炉管技术、炉管表面预处理技术以及炉管涂层技术的工业应用。对各炉管表面技术所面对的主要挑战进行了总结,并提出了合金炉管技术、陶瓷炉管技术、炉管表面预处理技术以及炉管涂层技术未来的发展方向。     

国内外超细粉体的应用及制备简介

超细粉体技术是指制备与使用超细粉体及其相关的技术,其研究内容包括超细粉体的制备技术,分级技术,分离技术,干燥技术,输送,混合与均化技术,表面改性技术,粒子复合技术,检测及应用技术等,目前超细粉体技术与设备已广泛用于军民各个领域,为国防现代化和国民经济作出了一定的贡献。超细粉体技术是一门综合性很强的技术,涉及知识面很广。     

工业废水中氯苯酚类化合物的处理技术研究

文章论述了工业废水中氯苯酚类化合物的来源、危害以及处理技术。而处理技术主要介绍了超声波法处理技术、吸附法处理技术、高级氧化技术处理、生物法处理技术和辐射降解法处理技术。针对生物法处理技术,又通过对好氧生物处理技术、厌氧生物处理技术、厌氧—好氧联合处理技术、高效菌株技术和固定化微生物技术进行了论述。     

化学工业部各设计技术中心站介绍

为便于读者联系工作,现将化学工业部各设计技术中心站名称及分设单位介绍如下:名称分设单·位化工部煤化工设计技术中心站化工部给排水设计技术中心站化工部设计概算技术中心站化工部自动控制设计技术中心站化工部化学工程设计技术中心站化工部电子计算应用设计技术中心站化工部起重运输设计技术中心站化工部总图运输设计技术中心站化工部天然气化工设计技术中心站化工部设备设计技术中心站化工部模型设计、设计工具技术中心站化工部电气设计技术中心站化工部橡胶加工设计技术中心站化工部建筑设计技术中心站化工部化工工艺设计技术中心站化…     

河流生态修复技术概述

对河流系统及河流生态修复进行了探讨,对不同的河流生态修复技术进行了归类分析。简要介绍了水域生态修复技术:曝气增氧技术、微生物修复技术、水生生物群落恢复技术、生态浮岛技术;河流水岸交错带生态修复技术:河流水陆交错带植被修复技术、河流水陆交错带微生物修复技术、生态护岸技术;河流沿岸带生态修复技术:河流沿岸土壤生态修复技术、河流沿岸植物修复技术等。     

煤化工行业VOCs回收治理技术分析

主要研究了煤化工行业中的VOCs回收治理技术。包括煤化工行业中的VOCs废气概述、主要的控制技术及其治理技术选择策略。经分析发现，吸收技术、吸附技术、膜分离技术、氧化技术、生物降解技术、光催化降解技术等离子体技术以及冷凝技术在其回收治理中都属于典型技术。而在实际应用时，需根据实际情况与实际需求，对各种技术进行合理选择。     

燃煤电厂烟尘超低排放技术研究现状及发展

综述了现有烟尘超低排放技术,将现有烟尘超低排放技术分为一次除尘技术和深度除尘技术两种,其中一次除尘技术包括静电除尘技术、袋式除尘技术和电袋复合除尘技术,深度除尘技术包括脱硫除尘一体化技术和湿式电除尘技术,并指出现有烟尘超低排放技术是一次除尘技术和深度除尘技术的高效组合。现有烟尘超低排放组合路线分别为以湿式电除尘技术、脱硫除尘一体化技术、电袋复合除尘技术为核心3种。此外,通过分析得出,烟尘超低排放面临的主要问题是优化运行和准确测量两个方面,短期内需针对缺陷进行优化,长期应开发低能耗、高效能的除尘技术。     

Determination of the extent of oxidation of fats

Summary The amount of secondary oxidation products in refined and unrefined fats has been determined by reaction with benzidine acetate in iso-octane absolute alcohol solution, and measurement of the absorption at 350 mμ of the yellow color has been made. An “aldehyde value” has been calculated from this absorption intensity, using cinnamaldehyde as a reference substance. Determination of the aldehyde value and peroxide number of oils before and during refining has given information on the effect of the different refining processes on the state of oxidation of the oils. The effect of hardening on the content of oxidation products of an oil has been investigated. The effect of the amount of oxidation products in the unrefined material on the flavor stability of the refined material and of the margarine made from it has also been studied.     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

Stability of granules of solid solutions of poly-pehnyleneterephthalamide

Conclusions Studies of starting solutions of PPTA in sulfuric acid and of granules obtained under pressrue at low temperature, and of granules stored in a hermetic package, have been carried out by the methods of differential thermal analysis, turbidity spectrum and viscometry.On granulation of a solidified PPTA solution, short-term storage of the granules in a hermetic package, or short contanct of the granulated mass with air, no appreciable change in melting point or of the intrinsic viscosity of the system takes place.Long storage of a granulated solution, even in hermetic packages, can lead to a considerable decrease in the melting point of the crystal solvates, caused by an increase in defectiveness of crystal structure under the effect of moisture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 25–26, May–June, 1986.     

Interpretation of DSC measurements of the degree of fusion of rigid PVC

Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements can be used to infer the degree of fusion of rigid PVC articles. The preferred method involves annealing of the specimen at 260°C for 5 minutes, to erase all crystalline structures, followed by a 2 day storage at room temperature. New crystalline entities that are formed give use to an endotherm in the DSC heating mode. The magnitude of this endotherm divided by the total endotherm observed to 220°C can be used to estimate the degree of fusion of the specimen. Data from various processes and different cross-sections of extruded pipe are consistent with solvent resistance estimations.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Scientific foundations of preparation and technologies of production of the catalysts of reforming of gasoline fractions: Development of the process technology

The article summarizes the results of development of the scientific foundations of preparation of the catalysts, and of the experimental development works on creation of the new technologies of their production with the use of physical models, which were previously created on the basis of fundamental research. The results of the adoption of the new production technologies of the reforming catalysts of the PR series at the domestic plants are presented. The adoption consisted in creation and approbation of the fundamentally new technologies of production of the aluminum hydroxide (AHO) by means of the continuous method, modification of AHO by the elements of IV group, plasticization and forming of AHO in the production of the support, application of H₂PtCl₆ using the reactions of the ligand substitution of C⁻ by the functional groups of the support, and reduction and activation of the catalyst, which provide the optimal chemical com- position. Their operation during the 15-year period is analyzed. The reasons of high selectivity (up to 90%) of the new catalysts are found; the new technologies of the combined processing of mixture of C₃-C₄ alkanes with C₅₊ are developed and tested for the production of the high-octane catalysts with selectivity approaching 100%. The main effect of the C₅₊ yield increase of the end products is achieved by the transformation of the C₃-C₄ alkanes into the more high-molecular aromatic hydrocarbons. New processes of the combined processing of the mixtures of C₃-C₄ and gasoline fractions can be considered to be an alternative technology, which solves the important task of broadening the source of raw materials of the motor fuels by the inclusion of the C₃-C₄ alkanes of little value into the processing.     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

邢钢套筒窑换热器内漏生产实践

介绍了套筒窑换热器的工作原理、作用及邢钢套筒窑换热器内漏的判断依据,对套筒窑换热器内漏的原因进行了简要的分析,对内漏前后的主要参数进行了对比,同时结合实际生产情况,制定了行之有效的控制措施,收到了良好的效果。