环境中剧毒物二噁英的成因、危害及治理技术

综述二口恶英的来源、成因和危害 ,讨论前人在治理二口恶英方面所采用的热技术和非热技术及其存在的局限性。二口恶英治理的热技术包括高温过燃烧技术、红外脱毒技术、等离子体高温分解技术、熔盐脱毒技术、超临界水氧化技术、原位玻璃化技术等 ;非热技术包括化学脱氯技术、紫外光解技术、溶剂萃取技术、吸附技术、生物降解技术、化学降解技术、γ射线分解技术、光催化氧化技术等。文中还简要分析当前研究工作所面临的问题     

中国石化集团重点研究领域、重大技术开发、新产品开发

正一、中国石化集团重点研究领域勘探开发技术领域:海相油气勘探技术,陆相油气勘探技术,非常规油气资源勘探技术,难采储量有效动用技术,提高油气采收率技术,复杂条件下地球物理技术,钻井、测井、录井技术,储层改造技术,油田化学品技术,仪器、工具和装备技术。炼油技术领域:劣质原油加工与提高轻质油品收率技术,炼厂节能减排技术,炼化一体化技术,润滑油及其他石油产品生产技术,炼厂节能减排技术,非常规资源炼油技术。     

航空煤油生产技术发展现状

综述了航空煤油制备和精制技术,并对添加剂进行了简单的介绍.化石燃料航煤的制备技术主要包括石油炼制技术和费托合成技术;生物航煤的制备技术主要包括费托合成技术、热裂解技术、加氢技术和生物醇脱水-聚合技术.航煤精制技术主要包括非加氢精制技术、加氢精制技术和纤维膜精制等工艺技术,未来航煤精制技术的发展趋势是加氢精制技术和纤维膜...     

国内外超细粉体的应用及制备简介

超细粉体技术是指制备与使用超细粉体及其相关的技术,其研究内容包括超细粉体的制备技术,分级技术,分离技术,干燥技术,输送,混合与均化技术,表面改性技术,粒子复合技术,检测及应用技术等,目前超细粉体技术与设备已广泛用于军民各个领域,为国防现代化和国民经济作出了一定的贡献。超细粉体技术是一门综合性很强的技术,涉及知识面很广。     

蒸汽裂解炉管表面抑制结焦技术研究进展

介绍了蒸汽裂解过程中抑制炉管结焦的主要技术(3D反应器技术、结焦抑制剂技术和炉管表面技术),着重综述了近十年来国内外蒸汽裂解炉管表面抑制结焦技术的研究进展,包括合金炉管材质技术、陶瓷炉管技术、炉管表面预处理技术以及炉管涂层技术的工业应用。对各炉管表面技术所面对的主要挑战进行了总结,并提出了合金炉管技术、陶瓷炉管技术、炉管表面预处理技术以及炉管涂层技术未来的发展方向。     

河流生态修复技术概述

对河流系统及河流生态修复进行了探讨,对不同的河流生态修复技术进行了归类分析。简要介绍了水域生态修复技术:曝气增氧技术、微生物修复技术、水生生物群落恢复技术、生态浮岛技术;河流水岸交错带生态修复技术:河流水陆交错带植被修复技术、河流水陆交错带微生物修复技术、生态护岸技术;河流沿岸带生态修复技术:河流沿岸土壤生态修复技术、河流沿岸植物修复技术等。     

煤化工行业VOCs回收治理技术分析

主要研究了煤化工行业中的VOCs回收治理技术。包括煤化工行业中的VOCs废气概述、主要的控制技术及其治理技术选择策略。经分析发现，吸收技术、吸附技术、膜分离技术、氧化技术、生物降解技术、光催化降解技术等离子体技术以及冷凝技术在其回收治理中都属于典型技术。而在实际应用时，需根据实际情况与实际需求，对各种技术进行合理选择。     

燃煤电厂烟尘超低排放技术研究现状及发展

综述了现有烟尘超低排放技术,将现有烟尘超低排放技术分为一次除尘技术和深度除尘技术两种,其中一次除尘技术包括静电除尘技术、袋式除尘技术和电袋复合除尘技术,深度除尘技术包括脱硫除尘一体化技术和湿式电除尘技术,并指出现有烟尘超低排放技术是一次除尘技术和深度除尘技术的高效组合。现有烟尘超低排放组合路线分别为以湿式电除尘技术、脱硫除尘一体化技术、电袋复合除尘技术为核心3种。此外,通过分析得出,烟尘超低排放面临的主要问题是优化运行和准确测量两个方面,短期内需针对缺陷进行优化,长期应开发低能耗、高效能的除尘技术。     

工业废水中氯苯酚类化合物的处理技术研究

文章论述了工业废水中氯苯酚类化合物的来源、危害以及处理技术。而处理技术主要介绍了超声波法处理技术、吸附法处理技术、高级氧化技术处理、生物法处理技术和辐射降解法处理技术。针对生物法处理技术,又通过对好氧生物处理技术、厌氧生物处理技术、厌氧—好氧联合处理技术、高效菌株技术和固定化微生物技术进行了论述。     

化学工业部各设计技术中心站介绍

为便于读者联系工作,现将化学工业部各设计技术中心站名称及分设单位介绍如下:名称分设单·位化工部煤化工设计技术中心站化工部给排水设计技术中心站化工部设计概算技术中心站化工部自动控制设计技术中心站化工部化学工程设计技术中心站化工部电子计算应用设计技术中心站化工部起重运输设计技术中心站化工部总图运输设计技术中心站化工部天然气化工设计技术中心站化工部设备设计技术中心站化工部模型设计、设计工具技术中心站化工部电气设计技术中心站化工部橡胶加工设计技术中心站化工部建筑设计技术中心站化工部化工工艺设计技术中心站化…     

Implementation of the Results of Mathematical Modeling of Orientation of Polypropylene Fibre

Process schemes for implementation of the optimum conditions of the final stage of orientational drawing of PP fibre are proposed based on the results of mathematical modeling. The existence of successive stages of transformation of the structure of PP fibre in the second stage of orientational drawing was experimentally confirmed with indirect indexes. The necessity of selecting the draw ratio that ensures completeness of the given stage of structural transformation is demonstrated. Structural schemes are proposed for automated control systems for selecting the optimum draw ratio in the first and final stages of orientational drawing and control of the structure of the spun polymer with indirect parameters.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Theory of thermohydrodynamic instability of the front of filtration combustion of gases

Based on the filtration equations with account of heat transfer in the heating region, the problem of instability of small perturbations of the wave front of filtration combustion of a gas is solved. Expressions for the growth decrement and critical transverse size of a perturbation are obtained. The problem of the wave-front stability is solved with account of the macroscopic redistribution of filtration in the system. The solution includes macroscopic characteristics such as the transverse size, the width of the high-temperature zone, etc. A method is proposed for taking into account the influence of the characteristics of the system on the evolution of perturbations. It is shown that small deformation perturbations of the front always increase to a certain amplitude; their subsequent development— continuation of their growth or stabilization—is determined by the characteristics of the system. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 3–5, September–October 1999.     

Effect of Regime of Addition of Initiator on TEMPO-Mediated Polymerization of Styrene

Summary Investigation of the TEMPO-mediated polymerization of styrene at different regimes of addition of AIBN initiator showed that the course of the polymerization could be changed dramatically by a mode of the initiator addition without using any other additives. A very significant acceleration of the polymerization was reached at a specific regime without broadening the polydispersity of the resulting polymer.     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Determination of the extent of oxidation of fats

Summary The amount of secondary oxidation products in refined and unrefined fats has been determined by reaction with benzidine acetate in iso-octane absolute alcohol solution, and measurement of the absorption at 350 mμ of the yellow color has been made. An “aldehyde value” has been calculated from this absorption intensity, using cinnamaldehyde as a reference substance. Determination of the aldehyde value and peroxide number of oils before and during refining has given information on the effect of the different refining processes on the state of oxidation of the oils. The effect of hardening on the content of oxidation products of an oil has been investigated. The effect of the amount of oxidation products in the unrefined material on the flavor stability of the refined material and of the margarine made from it has also been studied.     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

Stability of granules of solid solutions of poly-pehnyleneterephthalamide

Conclusions Studies of starting solutions of PPTA in sulfuric acid and of granules obtained under pressrue at low temperature, and of granules stored in a hermetic package, have been carried out by the methods of differential thermal analysis, turbidity spectrum and viscometry.On granulation of a solidified PPTA solution, short-term storage of the granules in a hermetic package, or short contanct of the granulated mass with air, no appreciable change in melting point or of the intrinsic viscosity of the system takes place.Long storage of a granulated solution, even in hermetic packages, can lead to a considerable decrease in the melting point of the crystal solvates, caused by an increase in defectiveness of crystal structure under the effect of moisture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 25–26, May–June, 1986.