离子束辅助沉积非晶硅薄膜红外光学特性研究

为了得到非晶硅（a-Si）薄膜红外光学常数与工艺参数之间的关系,采用Ar离子束辅助电子束热蒸发技术制备a-Si薄膜,并利用椭偏仪和分光光度计测量了薄膜的光学常数,分析了薄膜沉积速率、基底温度和工作真空度对a-Si薄膜折射率和消光系数的影响.实验结果表明：影响a-Si薄膜光学常数的主要工艺因素是沉积速率和基底温度,工作真空度的影响最小.当沉积速率和基底温度升高时,薄膜的折射率先增大后减小;当工作真空度升高时,薄膜的折射率增大.在波长1~5μm之间,a-Si薄膜的折射率变化范围为2.47~3.28.     

柴油机燃烧室壁面上油膜蒸发的试验研究

研制出一套用于研究柴油机燃烧室壁上油膜蒸发过程的模拟试验装置，利用该试验装置，测量出了热壁面上油膜蒸发过程，研究了壁面温度、气流运动和气流温度对油膜蒸发过程的影响，根据由试验结果得出的经验模型，给出了油膜蒸发速率的壁面热流密度的一般表达。     

Rapid transient explosive boiling of binary mixture under pulsed-laser irradiation

With the advancement of micro-scale science and technology, especially with the rapid development of MEMS, more and more attention has been paid to thermo-physical problems in micro-scale. When either time scale or space scale is reduced to a certain extent, some abnormal phenomena may occur in practical processes. They are no longer fit in with the classical heat transfer theory. An understanding of the basic micro-scale heat transfer phenomena and micro-scale experimental techniques is nee…     

蒸发速率对电子束蒸发法制备CdS薄膜性质影响

采用电子束蒸发法,以高纯CdS块料为膜料在玻璃基底上制备了CdS薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜表征其晶体结构和表面形貌,用四探针电阻测试仪和紫外可见分光光度计分析其电学及光学特性。结果表明,蒸发速率对薄膜结构及特性有显著影响,其中在蒸发速率为10?S-1制备的CdS薄膜均匀致密且其XRD衍射峰强度最大,薄膜的光电性能最好。这些CdS薄膜的光敏性达到7.7×102,其中亮电阻的最小值为1350Ω/□。     

多种因素对TiO_2薄膜折射率的影响

用电子束蒸发法制备TiO2薄膜,详细研究了工艺参数和热处理对TiO2薄膜折射率的影响。得到镀制高折射率的氧化钛薄膜最佳工艺参数:基片温度200℃、真空度2×10-2Pa、沉积速率0.2nm/s。热处理可以提高TiO2薄膜折射率。     

浆滴的蒸发及对于SO2吸收影响的探讨

烟气脱硫过程，纯液滴蒸发是研究浆滴干燥理论的基础。建立了纯水液滴蒸发的数学模型。理论上计算出液滴完全蒸发所需的时间，定量分析了烟气温度、液滴初始温度、烟气速度和烟气相对湿度对蒸发时间的影响规律，在此基础上分析比较Ca(OH)2浆滴蒸发的过程，探讨了Ca(OH)2蒸发对于SO2吸收过程的影响因素。     

Kinetics of Evaporation of Zn and Pb from Carbon-bearing Pellets Made of Dust Containing Zn-Pb-Fe Oxides

The influence of reduction temperature, size of coal powder and the carbon content on the evaporation rates of Zn and Pb in pellets made of ZnO-PbO-FeO bearing dust has been investigated between 1100-1300℃. The evaporation rate of Zn and Pb obtained from the experiments has been analyzed with kinetic models. The results show that the control step for evaporation of Zn is reduction reaction of ZnO by CO at the interface,and that the evaporation rate of Pb is controlled by the volatilization of reduction products, i.e. liquid lead. The overall apparent activation energies of Zn and Pb evaporation from the pellet are 79.42kJ/mol and 88.74kJ/mol respectively.     

板式蒸发式冷凝器热质传递的简化计算

板式蒸发式冷凝器是在蒸发式冷凝器和板式换热器的基础上发展起来的,兼有两者的优势.文中提出了一种用于计算蒸发式冷凝器气-液界面的温度和蒸发量的简化算法,进而对影响蒸发式冷凝器性能的参数进行了分析.结果显示,高的空气流速导致低的界面温度和高的蒸发量,强化了换热效果,并得到了空气通道内温度和含湿量的分布曲面;当相对湿度保持不变而增大空气温度时,蒸发量随之下降,与此同时界面温度线性上升.     

低温溢油异常蒸发行为的数学模型与模拟

为了考察低温环境下溢油蒸发行为,通过浅盘蒸发试验测定了0#柴油和大庆原油在温度分别处于各自凝点附近的"低温"环境下的蒸发量,结合混合液蒸发机理,引入衰减因子e-k/Δθ,建立低温溢油蒸发模型.研究表明:当环境与溢油凝点温差(Δθ)小于10℃时需采用改进模型预测蒸发过程,此时,油膜液相阻力增大,一定深度内(h)的挥发组分被蒸发掉,且h随Δθ减小而降低,柴油与大庆原油的液相阻力增加系数k分别为0.993和0.989.有冰水面溢油的蒸发过程受暴露于大气中的油膜面积(Af)与厚度(ho)影响较大,应采用(Afhoe-k/Δθ)/V为衰减系数的模型对其进行预测.改进后的模型可较好的预测低温条件下油品的蒸发过程.     

连续液柱流自由表面非平衡绝热蒸发

分析连续液柱流自由表面绝热蒸发过程并进行了数值模拟,获得了汽液界面温度及蒸发通量分布规律。结果显示表面非平衡蒸发过程速率仅为按热力学平衡条件下最大理论计算量的20%,并且受液柱内部向自由表面传热控制。表面蒸发过程迅速衰减,当x/L=0.5,表面释放的蒸发热与液柱内部过热量之比水ηx(蒸发进程)仅为0.25,蒸发进程已接近尾声,揭示了强化液柱表面更新是强化该过程的主要因素。本模型计算结果得到了单液柱流绝热真空蒸发实验数据的验证,蒸发速率模拟值与实验值相对误差小于10%。     

敞开式太阳能集热/再生器的理论模型及性能分析

对敞开式太阳能集热再生器建立理论解析模型,理论求解发现溶液在常温下再生时存在一个最佳单位面积流量使单位面积蒸发率最大.溶液入口温度和室外风速是决定最佳流量值的2个最重要参数,溶液浓度和太阳辐射强度对最大蒸发率影响最明显.当溶液出口温度低于入口温度时,最佳流量不存在,溶液流量越大再生效果越好.当室外风速为2 m/s时,溶液再生蒸发率最大.文章全面揭示了影响敞开式集热/再生器性能的各项因素.     

水平板上固着碳纳米管燃油液滴的蒸发特性

以正十四烷（C14）为基液,表面活性剂溴化十六烷三甲基铵（CTAB）为助溶剂,采用两步法配制分别含有20、50 nm碳纳米管（CNT）的纳米燃油. 分析比较基液燃油与纳米燃油的黏度特性,采用接触角测量仪记录燃油液滴在加热平板上的蒸发变形,探究不同粒径及质量浓度的CNT对正十四烷燃油液滴蒸发特性的影响. 研究表明,纳米粒子的加入增加了基液的黏度,并且黏度随着纳米粒子质量浓度增大或粒径减小而增加. CNT纳米燃油液滴蒸发过程符合部分润湿状态下单组分液滴蒸发的一般规律. 在液滴蒸发定接触线阶段,纳米燃油导热系数增强,液滴从外界吸收的热量加快向液体内部传递,延滞了液滴边缘处（三相线处）液体分子的挥发. 纳米粒子在液滴边缘处沉积,阻滞了接触线向内收缩,增加了液滴在定接触线阶段蒸发的持续时间,纳米燃油在此阶段的蒸发速率比基液燃油低,且蒸发速率的差异随燃油中纳米粒子数量的增多而加大. 在定接触角与混合蒸发阶段,“自销钉”效应阻滞接触线收缩,液滴与底板的接触面积较大,液滴中纳米粒子质量浓度的增加使液滴吸收更多的热量,在后2个蒸发阶段,纳米燃油的蒸发速率明显加快,大于基液燃油的蒸发速率. 在整个蒸发过程中,纳米燃油的平均蒸发速率高于基液燃油.     

InSb薄膜的真空蒸发及磁敏霍尔元件的制作

利用单源真空蒸发方法制备InSb薄膜。研究了基片温度控制和膜层厚度对薄膜电子迁移率的影响。室温下测得InSb薄膜的电子迁移率为4×104cm2/V.s,晶粒尺寸达微米数量级。制作的磁敏霍尔元件输入与输出电阻范围为200~500Ω,乘积灵敏度达90~150V/A·T。     

The effect of interfacial evaporation on heat and mass transfer of falling liquid film

Analysis of experimental data and estimation of the order of magnitude for interfacial mass diffusion have demonstrated that considerable excess evaporation exists on the free interface of falling liquid film, and that the capillary pressure caused by surface tension is the driving force of this excess interfacial evaporation, which we called the "capillarity-induced interfacial evaporation". By correlating the experimental data, an empirical expression of the effective capillary radius, re, is obtained with which the evaporative rate formula we derived and reported previously has been modified to improve the prediction of the critical heat flux for film breakdown. Comparisons with the available predicting models show that our modified equation can predict the experimental results with much lower relative deviation.     

Cu（Al）／SiO2复合薄膜及显微特征

采用真空离子镀膜机在SiO2玻璃基片表面分别蒸镀Cu和Al薄膜,3组参数6次制备12个铝或铜薄膜试样．实验表明：相同工艺条件下,铝膜较铜膜附着力更强,膜厚更大,更易形成薄膜且结构均匀致密．经测试可知：当铝膜的轰击电压为175V,烘烤电压为160V,蒸镀时间为2h、铜膜的轰击电压为200V,烘烤电压为100V,蒸镀时间为1．8h,制得的样品纯度高,杂质含量少,微观结构与膜厚最理想,界面结构规范,平滑,吸附力强,薄膜界面微观粗糙性和形状较佳．     

金属铅蒸发规律的研究

用失重法研究了金属铅在真空中蒸发的基本规律．得到了临界压力与温度的关系式,铅蒸发速率温度和压力的关系式,并作了进一步的讨论     

Effect of Mg-film thickness on the formation of semiconductor Mg2Si films prepared by resistive thermal evaporation method

Mg fi lms of various thicknesses were deposited on Si(111) substrates at room temperature by resistive thermal evaporation method, and then the Mg/Si samples were annealed at 40 ℃ for 4 h. The effects of Mg fi lm thickness on the formation and structure of Mg2Si fi lms were investigated. The results showed that the crystallization quality of Mg2Si fi lms was strongly infl uenced by the thickness of Mg fi lm. The XRD peak intensity of Mg2Si(220) gradually increased initially and then decreased with increasing Mg fi lm thickness. The XRD peak intensity of Mg2Si(220) reached its maximum when the Mg fi lm of 380 nm was used. The thickness of the Mg2Si fi lm annealed at 400 ℃ for 4 h was approximately 3 times of the Mg fi lm.     

不同类型半开式热管传热性能的实验研究

建立测试实验台测试了分离型、混合型和内套管型半开式热管的壁温和热流密度。在相同工
况下，比较分析了三种类型半开式热管凝结段和沸腾段的换热系数，以及三种热管综合传热性能的差异。
混合型和分离型半开式热管凝结段的壁温和换热系数沿管长变化较大，内套管型半开式热管的变化较为均
匀；三种热管沸腾段的沸腾工况及传热性能基本相同，但工作极限存在较大的差别；三种热管的综合传热
性能十分接近。     

The effect of capillary pressure for concave liquid-vapor interface on interfacial evaporation

The analysis in this paper demonstrates that the capillary pressure on the concave liquid-vapor interface will promote the interfacial evaporation, therefore clarifying the confusion over the great difference between the estimated and real rate of interfacial evaporation. This difference increases with decreasing capillary radius, and becomes more apparent for liquid with high latent heat. The present analysis also shows that the capillary pressure on the concave interface will result in a decrease in liquid phase equilibrium temperature, which can explain the possibility of vapor bubble formation on micro liquid layer interfacial evaporation under low superheat, or even below the nominal saturated temperature.     

溴化锂溶液真空表面蒸发实验研究

以质量浓度为0—15％溴化锂溶液为“工质”,研究操作温度在40～70℃条件下溶液真空表面蒸发过程。实验结果表明：溴化锂溶液的蒸发速率随溶液浓度的增大而减小,但随溶液温度的升高而增大;该实验条件下获得的对流传热系数值在700～1400W·m-2·℃-1范围内,且随溶液浓度增大而显著减小。这主要是由于溶液浓度增大使得其粘度显著增加,导致热阻增大所致。