高温碳离子注入形成碳化硅埋层的结构研究

采用离子束合成法,将p型(100)单晶硅衬底加热并保持在700℃的条件下分别进行剂量为8.0×1017cm-2和9.0×1017cm-2的C+注入,随后在氩气保护下经1250℃退火5h后形成β-SiC埋层。借助红外反射光谱、卢瑟福背散射能谱以及高分辨透射电镜等测试手段,对退火前后碳化硅埋层的组分及结构进行了表征分析,结果证明形成的碳化硅埋层结晶质量较好,并与硅衬底呈良好的外延关系。     

用碳化稻壳制备碳/碳复合材料的SiC涂层

以碳化稻壳为原料,采用包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC涂层.用X衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对SiC涂层晶相、微观形貌及成分进行了分析,并探讨了涂层的形成机理.研究结果表明:所制备的SiC涂层呈网状结构,以β-SiC为主,并含有少量的α-SiC,纯度较高;碳化稻壳中含有的纳米级的SiO2微晶是低温下制备SiC涂层及涂层呈网状结构的主要原因.     

分步偏压溅射法制备碳化硅薄膜

采用分步偏压射频溅射法,通过调整衬底负偏压,在不加热的条件下成功的制备出具有一定结晶取向的sic薄膜,傅立叶红外谱的分析表明,随着衬底偏压的增大,吸收峰位于800cm-1附近Si-C键的数量增大.表明高能氩离子的轰击有利于立方相SiC(β-SiC)的形成.从傅立叶红外光谱SiC特征吸收峰的FWHM表明,采用分步偏压法制备的SiC薄膜,比采用一步偏压法制备的薄膜的质量好.从SEM测试结果表明,SiC薄膜均匀致密,表面比较光滑.同时,在不锈钢衬底上沉积了SiC薄膜,对其防氚性能的测试结果表明氚的渗透率显著下降.     

SiC埋层结构与C^＋注入剂量关系

采用ＭｅｔａｌＶａｐｏｒＶａｃｕｕｍＡｒｃ（ＭＥＶＶＡ）离子源的离子束合成法，往Ｓｉ衬底注入剂量为３．０×１０＾１７～１．６×１０＾１８ｃｍ＾－２的Ｃ＾＋制成ＳｉＣ埋层，Ｃ＾＋离子束的引出能量为５０ｋｅＶ，光电子能谱和红外吸收谱表明ＳｉＣ埋层的结构特征明显地依赖于剂量，采用ＭＥＶＶＡ离子源可以平均衬底温度低于４００℃时得到含有立方结构的ＳｉＣ埋层。     

Si基β-SiC薄膜外延生长技术研究

采用SiH4-C3H8-H2气体反应体系,通过常压化学气相淀积（APCVD）工艺在P型Si(100)衬底上进行了β-SiC薄膜异质外延生长。利用俄歇电子能谱、SEM及X射线衍射能谱进行了生长薄膜微结构分析。提出并讨论了外延生长β－SiC薄膜的最佳工艺条件及其生长机理。     

基于Fe催化条件下周期性VLS机制大量合成SiC纳米棒的研究

通过简单化学气相反应法,在1300℃下合成出大量SiC纳米棒产物,着重研究了Fe催化条件下该SiC纳米棒的生长机制.采用数码相机、立式显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜、选区电子衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜及X射线粉末衍射仪对产物的宏观产量、微观形貌、化学成分及晶体结构进行了表征.结果表明,石墨基片上生成1层较厚的浅蓝色产物,产量达克量级,产物由均匀的纳米棒组成,直径约100nm,长达几微米,具有立方β-SiC晶体结构.基于Fe-C-Si三元合金相变原理及传统的VLS机制,首次提出一种周期性的气-液-固(Periodic-VLS)生长模型对SiC纳米棒的形成过程进行了详细讨论.     

Si(100)衬底上SiC的外延生长

在1050℃下用Si2H6和C2H4在Si(100)衬底上外延生长了3C-SiC,生长前只通入C2H4将Si衬底碳化形成SiC缓冲层.碳化过程中C2H4与Si表面反应形成了SiC孪晶,但随着生长时间的延长,外延层转变为单晶层,其表面呈现典型的单晶SiC的(2×1)再构.从外延层的Raman谱观察到明显的SiC的TO和LO声子模;SEM观测结果表明,外延层的表面比较平整.     

微波加热催化反应低温制备β-SiC粉体

以硅粉和酚醛树脂为原料,硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体,采用微波加热催化反应法,在流通氩气气氛中1150℃/0.5 h反应后合成了β-SiC粉体。研究了反应温度、催化剂用量和保温时间等对合成β-SiC的影响。采用XRD、SEM和TEM对产物的物相组成及显微结构进行了表征。结果表明:微波加热条件下,无催化剂存在时,β-SiC的完全合成温度为1250℃;而添加1.0wt%的Ni作催化剂时,1150℃/0.5 h反应后即可合成纯相的β-SiC。所合成的试样中都存在着颗粒状和晶须状两种SiC,加入催化剂后会使试样中β-SiC晶须的长径比变大。密度泛函理论(DFT)计算结果表明,Ni-Si合金纳米颗粒的形成使Si原子之间的键长拉长,弱化了Si原子之间的结合强度,进而促进了Si粉在低温下的碳化反应。     

灰分对煤基碳化硅形貌的影响

以灰分含量不同的碳源和工业级白炭黑为反应原料,采用碳热还原法,制备出具有不同尺寸、不同形貌的β-SiC颗粒,并对其进行表征。结果表明:在1600℃氩气气氛中,当采用石墨碎(灰分≤0.02%)为碳源时,出现两相SiC,随着碳源灰分的增加,产品呈单相β-SiC,进一步增加碳源灰分,β-SiC的晶粒尺寸和颗粒尺寸也增加。不同灰分条件下,单相和两相SiC的出现表明:灰分的增加有利于相变的发生,且其含量对碳化硅的相变有很大的影响。     

温度和助剂含量对放电等离子烧结SiC陶瓷的影响EI北大核心

采用Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3)-CaO作为烧结助剂制备SiC陶瓷,通过阿基米德排水法、XRD、SEM、TEM及维氏硬度测试等方法,探究烧结温度及烧结助剂含量对SiC陶瓷相对密度、物相结构、微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在1300~1800℃下,SiC陶瓷相对密度、硬度以及断裂韧性都呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,在1700℃达到最大值;1700~1800℃发生了β-SiC向α-SiC的相变;减少烧结助剂含量会增加晶界结合强度,提升硬度,并抑制晶粒生长;在1700℃和7%(质量分数)烧结助剂含量的条件下,获得了最佳的烧结效果,相对密度、硬度和断裂韧度分别为97.9%,23.3 GPa和4.1 MPa·m^(1/2)。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to