Wave-vector dependence of spin-wave line-width in yttrium iron garnets

The wave-vector dependence of the spin-wave line-width in yttrium iron garnets has been studied for samples of grain diameter varying from 1·2μm to 12μm. An expression for the spin-wave line-width as a function of wave-vector and grain diameter has been obtained, which agrees satisfactorily with experiment.     

Ce:YIG纳米粉体结构与磁性的研究

用共沉淀法制备纳米级的Ce:YIG石榴石粉体颗粒.颗粒尺寸的计算结果表明平均粒径为70nm,这与通过TEM观察到的几乎一致.与氧化物工艺相比,所制备的粉体化学活性高,烧结温度显著降低,由1300℃降低到约900℃.最后对粉体的磁性能与烧结温度的关系进行了讨论.     

离子掺杂钇铁石榴石磁光材料研究进展

综述了钇铁石榴石型磁光材料的研究进展,以及通过离子掺杂提高单晶和薄膜材料的比法拉第旋转角、改善材料温度稳定性以及近年来受到重视并有望在磁光器件中得到广泛应用的低成本钇铁石榴石纳米晶/有机分散介质复合薄膜材料的研究进展与存在的问题,概述了目前实际使用中的磁光法拉第转子材料的应用情况,并展望了高性能磁光材料的发展。     

YIG陶瓷对三价锕系模拟核素的固化行为研究

石榴石具有较大的锕系包容量及化学灵活性, 被认为是潜在的锕系核素固化基材。本工作以Nd³⁺模拟三价锕系核素, 通过高温固相法成功合成了Y_3-xNd_xFe₅O₁₂(0≤x≤2)系列钇铁石榴石(YIG)固化体。研究了Nd在YIG固化体中的固溶极限和Nd掺杂量对固化体的物相和微观结构的影响规律, 以及不同pH条件下Nd掺杂钇铁石榴石固化体的化学耐久性。研究结果表明, 当x≤1.7时, YIG基固化体为纯相YIG; 当x≥1.8时, YIG基固化体中YIG、NdFeO₃和Fe₂O₃三相共存。纯相YIG基固化体对Nd³⁺的固溶极限约为29.5%(质量分数)。随着Nd掺杂量增加, 固化体的密度增大, 体积减小, 孔隙率减小。浸出实验结果显示, 28 d后元素归一化浸出率(LR_i)逐渐趋于平衡, 42 d后, 其元素的LR_i为10^-6~10^-5 g·m^-2·d^-1。LR_Y小于LR_Nd, 且酸性溶液中元素归一化浸出率也略高于中性和碱性溶液。这些结果表明, YIG陶瓷是理想的三价锕系核素候选固化基材。     

掺铋钇铁石榴石磁光陶瓷的热压烧结及其性能研究

钇铁石榴石(Y₃Fe₅O₁₂, YIG)材料因其优异的磁性能和磁光性能在微波通信、激光技术和光纤通讯等领域具有重要应用。离子掺杂是提高YIG材料磁光性能的有效途径之一, 本研究选择离子半径适配的Bi³⁺掺杂改性YIG陶瓷以提高材料的磁光性能。本工作采用固相法热压烧结制备Bi_xY_3-xFe₅O₁₂ (x=0、0.3、0.6、0.9)陶瓷, 并研究Bi³⁺掺杂对YIG陶瓷材料相结构、微观形貌、红外透过性、磁性能以及磁光性能的影响。结果表明: 陶瓷样品均呈石榴石立方相结构; 显微结构致密, Bi³⁺掺杂后晶粒尺寸不同程度增大; 样品红外透过率良好, 随Bi³⁺掺杂量增大而降低; 陶瓷样品的法拉第旋转角随Bi³⁺掺杂量增加呈线性变化, Bi³⁺掺杂量每增加1% (原子分数), 在波长1064 nm和1550 nm处变化量分别约为-49.0 (°)/cm和-30.2 (°)/cm。Bi_0.6Y_2.4Fe₅O₁₂陶瓷样品在1064 nm和1550 nm波长下法拉第旋转角分别达到-703.3 (°)/cm和-461.5 (°)/cm, 绝对值远高于未掺杂YIG陶瓷的277.6 (°)/cm和172.0 (°)/cm。由此可见, 掺杂适量Bi³⁺可以显著增强YIG陶瓷材料的磁光性能。     

用于近场光刻的表面等离子体透镜的优化设计和加工

表面等离子体透镜(PL)具有优异的光聚束效应,能够形成突破衍射极限的近场光斑,具有广泛的应用前景.为了获得较小的近场光斑,需要选用较短波长的激光入射.选用355 nm径向偏振光作为入射条件,使用COMSOL多物理场耦合仿真软件优化了同心圆环沟槽型PL的结构参数.结果显示,当圆环沟槽半径与槽间距都与表面等离子激元(SPPs)波的波长相等,且增加同心圆环槽数时,SPPs波在PL中心能形成相长干涉,可以获得较大的光增强效应;随着金属膜厚和槽宽的增加,中心处光强先增大后减小,存在最优值.使用聚焦离子束(FIB)加工制备了所设计的PL结构,加工结果具有较好的尺寸精度,但沟槽截面存在一定的锥度.进一步的仿真结果表明,沟槽横截面的小锥度对PL的聚束效应和光增强效应影响较小.     

Microstructural characterization of a carbonitrided heat resisting alloy using focused ion beam-based techniques

Abstract

An austenitic Fe–25Cr–20Ni (wt.%) alloy was first nitrided in N₂–H₂ then carburised at 1000°C. The nitridation produced lamellar internal precipitates of Cr₂N which grew by discontinuous precipitation at a recrystallised austenite boundary formed at the precipitation front. Subsequent carburisation converted the Cr₂N to a mixture of chromium-rich M₇C₃+CrN, and released nitrogen into the austenite matrix. The submicron CrN precipitates were stabilized by a matrix supersaturated with nitrogen and exhibited a strong orientation relationship with the surrounding austenite. The rejected nitrogen diffused deeper into the alloy to form new, more finely spaced Cr₂N lamellae. Carbon diffusion overtook the nitride structure and precipitated finely spaced, lamellar M₂₃C₆ by a discontinuous precipitation process. This process is available to the carbides only when a prior boundary is present. This phenomenon, and the ability of nitridation to form a boundary and the inability of carburisation to do so, are interpreted using the energetics of nucleation.     

复合取代对石榴石铁氧体材料高功率特性的影响

利用传统陶瓷工艺制备了化学式为Y3-aGdaFe5-b-cAlbMncO12的复合石榴石铁氧体,研究了Gd3+、Al3+和Mn3+复合取代对(YGdAlMn)IG铁氧体材料高功率特性的影响.结果表明,烧结试样的饱和磁化强度随着Gd3+、Al3+含量的增加而降低,其自旋波线宽、温度稳定性(10～180℃之间的温度系数为(-1.9～-2.8)×10-3(1/℃))随Gd3+含量的增加而增大;同时Mn3+取代可以明显提高电阻率、降低介电损耗.这些特性的改善对制备高功率石榴石铁氧体器件具有指导意义.     

Microcrystals of cooperative-behaviour materials

Properties of materials exhibiting cooperative phenomena are likely to be modified on restricting the lattice size. Several such microcrystalline materials have been studied to infer general underlying principles. Ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and superfluidity in limited lattice sometimes not only show modified behaviour but also new behaviour not present in bulk. Microcrystals are considered to be free, coupled, grain-boundary-separated, or domain-wall-separated.     

聚焦离子束加工单晶体金刚石刀具实验研究

作为超精密切削加工刀具的理想材料,单晶体金刚石材料的加工制造方法直接决定了刀具切削加工表面的精度和质量.由于金刚石材料具有明显的各向异性,在传统的金刚石刀具机械刃磨法中需要综合考虑制备工艺和刀具性能的协同关系,主要包括不同晶面表现出显著的物理机械性能差异、不同晶向存在显著的难磨和易磨方向等.本文针对聚焦离子束(FIB)技术加工金刚石刀具的过程中,金刚石材料性质对聚焦离子束加工质量、加工效率的影响规律等关键工艺开展了研究.研究发现,与传统的机械刃磨法相比,聚焦离子束加工是基于高能离子束的轰击溅射实现材料的去除,聚焦离子束加工中存在的级联碰撞现象显著弱化了金刚石材料各向异性的影响.     

凝胶燃烧法低温合成钇铝石榴石纳米粉体及其表征

以Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法合成单相钇铝石榴石(Y3Al5O12,YAG)纳米粉体。采用红外光谱、差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试手段对前躯体干凝胶和YAG粉体进行表征,探讨溶胶-凝胶的均质化转变以及YAG相的结晶温度等。结果表明:柠檬酸与Y3+和Al3+以单齿方式进行络合,实现了溶胶-凝胶的均质化转变;前躯体粉末于750℃低温下开始直接由无定形态转变为立方晶系YAG相,没有YAlO3和Y4Al2O9等杂相存在;900℃煅烧2 h得到颗粒呈类球形状,粒径为50 nm左右的YAG粉体。     

均相共沉淀法合成钇铝石榴石(YAG)纳米粉末的研究

透明YAG多晶陶瓷具有容易制造、成本低、尺寸大、掺杂浓度高、热导率高、耐热冲击性好、可大批量生产、易实现多层和多功能的陶瓷结构等优点,使得它作为激光介质而成为单晶的强有力的替代者.本实验以Y2O3、Al(NO3)3*9H2O、(NH4)2SO4为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,正硅酸乙酯作为添加剂,采用均相共沉淀法制备出YAG前驱体粉末,在沉淀过程中采用静电稳定、聚合物空间位阻以及共沸方法相结合有效地防止了纳米颗粒硬团聚的形成,YAG前驱体颗粒尺寸小于50nm,并对反应过程中pH值的变化进行研究.采用DTA/TG、IR、 XRD和TEM测试手段对粉末材料进行了表征,根据Scherrer公式计算出晶粒大小,研究了晶粒尺寸分布及其变化情况.研究结果表明:前驱体粉末经过1 200℃温度烧结后,全部转化YAG相,其晶粒尺寸小于50nm,随着烧结温度升高,晶粒平均尺寸增大.     

Focused ion beam assisted analysis of the oxidation of a NiAl coating on pure Ni

Abstract

Discs of (pure nickel 15mm diameter and 4mm thickness) have been polished to a 1 μm finish, aluminised using a standard pack CVD process to give a β-NiAl coating and then the surface of this coating polished to a 1 μm finish again. Samples have then been isothermally oxidised in a muffle furnace for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 hours at 950°C, and subjected to surface and cross-sectional microscopy and analysis. Scales were also cross-sectioned and imaged using Focused Ion Beam Milling. The oxidation rate was determined to be 2:6×10^?13 g² cm^?4 s^?1 and for times less than 512 hours the predominant alumina phase was θ alumina. Al depletion effects were observed due to both oxidation and interdiffusion between the Ni substrate and the NiAl coating. Using these effects, it has been shown that tensile strains of up to 9% can arise and these strains readily explain the formation of intrefacial elliptical pores observed by FIB cross sectioning. FIB sectioning also indicated that different coating grains exhibit different oxide-coating interfaces which arise due to different grain orientations. The faceting of the coating-oxide interface and the development of cuboidal faceted coating structures beneath spalled oxide is thought to be due to substructure development (sub-grain development or recrystallisation) arising from the plastic strains generated by Al depletion effects.