叶顶形状对轴流风机气动噪声影响的数值研究

以某两级动叶可调轴流风机为例,采用Fluent软件对5种改进的叶顶形状下的风机性能进行了模拟,并引入大涡模拟和FW-H声学模型获得了不同叶顶形状下风机的噪声源分布和气动噪声特征.结果表明:5种叶顶形状均可有效提高风机性能,提升效果依次为逆流向斜槽、双斜槽、上阶梯叶顶和下阶梯叶顶,而顺流向斜槽仅在小体积流量下使得风机性能明显提升;叶顶形状改进后,叶顶泄漏涡的影响增强,造成叶顶区和叶片前缘噪声显著增大,为风机内主要噪声源;风机各区域的声压幅值均受显著影响,且越靠近噪声源,受影响越突出;该风机内噪声主要以中低频的旋转噪声为主,各区域噪声均在基频位置达到最大值,叶顶形状改进后声压级随频率增大发生小幅提高,频谱形态发生明显改变.     

叶尖小翼安装位置对轴流风机性能的影响

采用数值模拟方法建立了在压力面和吸力面分别安装宽度为2倍叶片厚度叶尖小翼的轴流风机模型,分析了叶尖小翼安装位置对轴流风机性能的影响.结果表明:压力面和吸力面安装叶尖小翼均能减小叶顶泄漏流;压力面安装叶尖小翼使叶顶泄漏涡增大,造成的气动损失增加,导致轴流风机全压和效率下降;吸力面安装叶尖小翼能有效减小叶顶泄漏涡,同时延缓其脱落,使其向远离吸力面偏移,减少造成的气动损失,使得轴流风机全压和效率提高,该轴流风机设计体积流量点全压效率提高了0.6%.     

汽轮机动叶顶部间隙泄漏流动特性的数值模拟

以一个小展弦比轴流透平级为研究对象,采用数值方法对不同动叶顶部间隙情况下的间隙泄漏流动进行了分析,研究了间隙流和间隙涡的形成、发展及其对透平级性能的影响.以三维流线和极限流线为手段,分析了6种间隙尺寸下动叶顶部的泄漏流和泄漏涡造成的损失及其与主流掺混的过程.结果表明:动叶顶部间隙两侧压力面和吸力面之间的压力差使汽流从压力面被吸入间隙,跨过叶顶,进入相邻叶栅通道的吸力面,导致泄漏流动;与无间隙的情况相比,叶顶间隙的存在使上端壁处的流场发生明显变化,引起损失迅速增长;随着间隙的增大,泄漏涡的产生位置提前,强度增大,从而导致更大的流动损失.     

汽轮机叶片正弯对叶顶间隙泄漏流动影响的数值模拟

以某汽轮机高压级动叶为研究对象,采用κ-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLEC算法对在相同叶顶间隙高度下的常规扭叶片和正弯扭叶片的叶顶间隙流动进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:与常规扭叶片相比,叶片正弯提高了汽流在叶顶区的最低压力值,减小了叶顶压力边与吸力边的横向压力梯度;汽流在正弯扭叶片吸力面附近形成的泄漏涡的影响范围和对通道主流的扰动弱于在常规扭叶片内形成的影响;正弯扭叶片使汽流在吸力面和压力面上形成了叶顶部正径向压力梯度、叶根部负径向压力梯度的"C"型压力分布,同时降低了叶片上端部附近的总压损失。叶片正弯既降低了叶顶泄漏损失,又降低了叶栅通道内的掺混损失。     

周向弯叶片对动叶可调轴流风机气动性能影响的数值模拟

为了有效改善轴流风机气动和声学性能,以带后置导叶的OB-84型单级动叶可调轴流风机为对象,利用Fluent软件和Ansys有限元分析模块,对比叶片弯曲前后风机的气动性能和内流特征,分析其静力结构特性并进行了噪声预估。结果表明:叶片弯曲后风机全压提高,大体积流量侧气动性能改善效果明显,设计工况点前弯3.0°性能提升最佳,全压和效率分别提升了3%和0.16%;前弯叶片增大了叶根区轴向速度,延缓了叶根区分离流动的出现,提升了叶片中下部做功能力,减小了叶顶区吸力面与压力面间的压差,有效抑制了叶顶泄漏流的产生;弯曲叶片对降低声功率级影响较小,但可缩小高噪声区分布,从而降低风机噪声。     

汽轮机叶顶间隙内非定常流动的数值分析

为了分析叶顶间隙泄漏涡的影响范围、运行轨迹和强度的变化规律,以某汽轮机高压级为研究对象,采用SSTκ-ω湍流模型,应用PISO算法对叶项间隙内的非定常流动进行了数值模拟．结果表明：叶顶间隙泄漏流是有规律的周期性的非定常流动,泄漏涡的影响范围、运行轨迹和强度随时间和叶顶间隙的变化而变化;泄漏流对主流的影响呈现出从弱到强、再从强到弱的周期性变化规律;叶顶间隙泄漏涡在丁／4时刻的强度和影响范围均达到最大,在T／2时刻,静叶脱落涡和动叶吸力面前部的泄漏涡混合形成新的涡系,而动叶吸力面后部的泄漏涡却与其边界层的脱涡混合,离开吸力面．     

扭叶片正弯对叶栅通道内二次流动影响的数值分析

以某汽轮机高压级动叶为研究对象,采用κ-ωSST模型、SIMPLEC算法数值模拟了正弯扭叶片叶顶间隙泄漏涡的形成和发展过程及其对叶栅通道二次流的影响。结果表明:相对于常规扭叶片,汽流在正弯扭叶片吸力面附近形成的泄漏涡的影响范围和对通道主流的扰动变小,且叶顶间隙的增加削弱了正弯扭叶片吸力面的"C"型压力梯度,使得叶片两端部附面层厚度增加,造成了叶片端部损失的增大。     

多变气热参数下大尺度槽深叶顶的流动换热特性

为了研究具有渐缩型面凹槽在不同深度下叶顶间隙的流动换热特性,针对某一级高压涡轮,在发动机五种典型工况下通过改变其凹槽深度,采用k-ω湍流模型以及自适应湍流模拟方法(SATES)分别进行定常和非定常的数值仿真分析。研究结果表明,凹槽深度是影响间隙泄漏流动和叶顶换热特性的重要因素,同时该影响趋势也受涡轮工作状态的限制。相比于深凹槽,浅凹槽方案的间隙泄漏量明显降低,对应的涡轮动叶出口总压损失系数也有所降低,这在涡轮小流量状态时尤为明显。然而,深凹槽设计在降低叶顶热负荷方面表现更好,其中槽深0.8H方案比槽深0.1H方案的叶顶平均努塞尔数降低38.3%～95.3%。定常和非定常两种计算方法主要影响了间隙内局部泄漏量和叶顶前部热负荷的预测值,并未改变流动换热特性的分布趋势。     

基于弯曲叶片的氦气轴流压气机优化设计

针对高负荷氦气压气机中角区分离、叶顶泄漏严重带来的效率损失问题,以单级氦气压缩机为研究对象,利用CFD方法,分析了不同弯曲角度下氦气压气机内部的角区损失和叶顶泄漏损失,并优化了现有五级轴流氦气压气机。结果表明：叶片正弯会增加端区处的静压,减少角区分离,进而降低角区损失;对动叶而言,在设计攻角下正弯也会增加前缘损失;动叶叶顶反弯使泄漏流远离下一个叶片的压力面,而合适的反弯角度可以降低叶顶泄漏量;选取合适的弯曲角度使五级轴流压气机设计点效率提高1.85%。     

汽轮机湿蒸汽级叶顶间隙泄漏流动的数值研究

以某大型汽轮机低压缸末级为研究对象,对不同进口流量下的动叶叶顶间隙泄漏流动进行了数值模拟,分析了其流场特性以及流量大小对泄漏损失的影响.结果表明:动叶压力面与吸力面都存在着明显的分离流动.在压力面处,随着进口流量的减小,分离流体产生的位置从60％叶高处变化至45％叶高处;在吸力面处,叶片根部形成了与分离流体旋向相反的通...     

Effect of winglet geometry arrangement and incidence on tip clearance control in a compressor cascade

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the influences of blade tip winglet on the flow field of a compressor cascade. The tests are performed in a low speed linear cascade with stationary endwall, with three blade tip configurations, including the baseline tip, the suction-side winglet tip and the pressure-side winglet tip. The flowfield downstream of the cascade is measured using five-hole probe, from which the three-dimensional velocity field, vorticity field and pressure field are obtained. Static pressure measurements are made on the endwall above the blade row using pressure taps embedded in the plywood endwall. All measurements are made at both design and off-design conditions for tip clearance level of about 2 percent of the blade chord. The results revealed the incidence variation significantly affects the secondary flow and the associated loss field downstream of the cascade, where the tip leakage vortex and passage vortex exist as the major contributors on the field. The winglet geometry arrangements can change the trajectory of the tip leakage vortex. The suction-side winglet tip blade provides a lower overall total pressure loss coefficient when compared to the baseline tip blade and pressure-side winglet tip blade at all incidence angles.     

带小翼肋条的涡轮叶尖泄漏流场的数值模拟

对叶尖吸力面带小翼肋条的某一轴流转子叶尖间隙泄漏流场进行了数值研究,分析了在不同肋条宽度下泄漏流场细节,并对涡轮效率进行了计算.结果表明:涡轮叶尖单吸力边小翼肋条总体上减小叶尖表面压差,使得吸力面后半部分泄漏流速度减小,从而减小泄漏流动损失,但会增大通道内流动损失,使涡轮转子效率下降;小翼肋条宽度有一个最佳值,小间隙下增大肋条宽度使得涡轮转子效率降低,大间隙下增大肋条宽度却使得涡轮转子效率提高;吸力边小翼肋条改变了叶尖吸力边附近的流场,对压力边附近泄漏流动结构影响不大.     

L型叶尖小翼对风力机性能影响的研究

采用标准的k-ε湍流模型对添加L型叶尖小翼叶片与原叶片在不同风速条件下进行三维流场的数值研究。通过分析叶尖区域流场和压力分布得到:对比原叶片,L型小翼对通过叶尖的气流具有导流作用,使通过叶尖的气流变得平缓流畅,同时小翼能有效改善叶尖吸力面的气流分离,使得气流分离位置远离叶片前缘,减小压差阻力。L型叶尖小翼加大叶尖部位吸力面与压力面的压差,增大风轮转矩,使风力机出力增加。添加L型小翼后,风力机推力系数最大增幅为0.81%,风力机功率最大增幅为4.2%。     

Effects of a kind of non-smooth blade on the unsteady flow field at the exit of an axial fan

An experimental investigation of effects of a kind of streamwise-grooved blade on the unsteady flow field at an exit of an axial-flow fan was performed. The flow field at 25% chord downstream from the trailing edge at hub was measured using a fast-response five-hole pressure probe at different mass-flow conditions. The unsteady flow of the grooved blades was compared with that of the smooth blades. The measurement results indicate that： （1） the grooved blades restrain the velocity fluctuation and the pressure fluctuation by modulating the blade boundary layers, which contributes to the flow loss reduction in the hub region and in the rotor wake region at the design condition; （2） the stream-wise grooves play an important role in restraining the radial migration in the blade boundary layer and abating the tip flow mixing, which contributes to the flow loss reduction in the tip region at the design condition; （3） at the near stall condition, the grooved surface can not reduce the flow loss, even increase the loss nearby when the separation happens in the blade boundary layer.     

气冷涡轮转子变叶尖间距性能试验及数值研究

为量化评估工程应用的气冷低压涡轮带冠转子叶片的叶尖间距大小对涡轮气动性能的影响,综合现有涡轮部件试验能力,以单级轴流低压涡轮性能试验件为基础,通过控制圆度的机加方式磨削转子外环内壁以实现叶尖间距的变化,采用控制冷气流量比的方法,开展5次不同叶尖间距大小的涡轮级性能试验,得到多工况下涡轮效率、换算流量和换算功率等特性参数。采用加载冷气及考虑转子叶冠结构的数值模型进行三维仿真计算,并与试验结果对比分析。研究表明：叶尖间距由0.6 mm增加至3.2 mm,低压涡轮流通能力增大1%,叶冠泄漏量增多3.4%,但做功能力下降2.3%。涡轮效率变化与叶尖间距大小近似呈线性关系,叶尖间距每增加1 mm,效率约降低0.7%,同时,叶尖间距的增加导致了叶冠腔的旋涡结构、气流掺混及主流入侵强度逐渐增大,引起动叶总压损失的增大,叶尖间距增加至3.2 mm导致叶间位置总压损失由0.88增至2.3。     

低压轴流风机周向弯曲叶片顶部间隙流动的数值分析

利用雷诺平均N-S方程组以及S-A一方程湍流模型对带有径向、周向前弯、周向后弯叶片的低压轴流风机在稳定工况点处进行了三维粘性流场的数值计算。在数值模拟结果与试验测量结果吻合的前提下，根据计算结果，分析了叶片吸力表面和压力表面在顶部的压力分布的特点，揭示了在叶顶到机壳壁面之间泄漏流的发展过程以及损失分布。对难以测量部分的数值分析，深入理解了叶片的周向弯曲大小及方向对顶部间隙流动和叶轮工作稳定性的影响，为进一步改进此类风机的设计提供了更充分的依据。图4表1参7     

Effects of a Kind of Non-smooth Blade on the Performance of an Axial Fan

This paper presents an experimental investigation of effects of a kind of streamwise-grooved blade on theperformance of an axial-flow fan.The flow field at 25% chord downstream from the trailing edge at hub wasmeasured using a 5-hole pressure probe at different mass-flow conditions.The fan performance of the grooveblades was compared with that of the smooth blades.The measurement results indicate that:(1)the non-smoothblades increase mass flow of the fan at the same throttle conditions except a near stall condition;(2)thenon-smooth blades reduce the relative total pressure loss in the rotor passage and increase the fan's total pressurerise at the test mass-flow conditions except the near stall condition;(3)Negative benefits are obtained at a nearstall condition when the smooth blades are replaced by the non-smooth ones.The fan mass flow decreases 0.9%while the total-pressure rise decreases 2.4% at the near stall condition.     

Effects of Width Variation of Pressure-Side Winglet on Tip Flow Structure in a Transonic Rotor

Tip leakage flow has become one of the major triggers for rotating stall in tip region of high loading transonic compressor rotors.Comparing with active flow control method,it’s wise to use blade tip modification to enlarge the stable operating range of rotor.Therefore,three pressure-side winglets with the maximum width of 2.0,2.5 and 3.0 times of the baseline rotor,are designed and surrounded the blade tip of NASA rotor 37,and the three new rotors are named as RPW1,RPW2,and RPW3 respectively.The numerical results show that the width of pressure-side winglet has significant influence on the stall margin and the minimum throttling massflow of rotor,while it produces less effect on the choking massflow and the peak efficiency of new rotors.As the width of the pressure-side winglet increases from new rotor RPW1 to RPW3,the strength of leakage massflow has been attenuated dramatically and a reduction of 20%in leakage massflow rate has appeared in the new rotor RPW3.By contrast,the extended blade tip caused by winglet has not introduced much more aerodynamic losses in tip region of rotor,and the new rotors with different width of pressure-side winglet have the similar peak efficiency to the baseline.The new shape of the leakage channel over blade tip which replaces of the static pressure difference near blade tip has dominated the behavior of the leakage flow in tip gap.As both the new aerodynamic boundary and throat in tip gap have reshaped by the low-velocity flow near the solid wall of extended blade tip,the discharging velocity and massflow rate of leakage flow have been suppressed obviously in new rotors.In addition,the increasing inlet axial velocity at the entrance of new rotor has increased slightly as well,which is attributed to the less blockage in the tip region of new rotor.In consideration of the increased inlet axial velocity and the weakened leakage flow,the new rotor presents an appropriately linear increase of the stall margin when the width of pressure-side winglet increases,and has a nearly 15%increase in new rotor RPW3.     

叶顶间隙对于汽轮机排汽缸气动性能的影响

介绍了汽轮机末级动叶叶顶间隙对于汽轮机排汽缸性能的影响,通过耦合末级叶片的排汽缸气动数模拟来考察这一影响,发现排汽缸内的流场情况会随着间隙漏汽量的不同而产生变化,表征气动性能的压力恢复系数也随之变化.研究表明,叶顶间隙射流对于排汽缸内流场的影响是不可忽略的,在以后的排汽缸气动设计及优化工作中需要考虑叶顶漏汽射流.