碱式硫酸镁晶须复合SiO2纳米粒子制备高/低黏附性超疏水涂层

超疏水材料因性能独特,应用前景广阔而被广泛关注。本文采用碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOSWs)与二氧化硅纳米粒子制备超疏水涂层,首先对MOSWs及50 nm、500 nm SiO₂进行表面改性以降低表面能,然后基于混料实验将三者按比例混合以构造表面粗糙度,以接触角、滚动角及平均粗糙度R_a为响应变量建立回归模型,分析了混合分量的形貌、尺寸与混合比例对响应变量的影响,并探讨了超疏水涂层微观结构对水滴黏附性的影响以及粗糙度与超疏水性能之间的关系。结果表明：MOSWs复合SiO₂纳米粒子可制备具有不同黏附性的超疏水涂层,单独使用MOSWs可制备高黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达152.59°,涂层水平倒置水滴不滴落;而MOSWs与50 nm SiO₂以相同质量分数混合,可制备低黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达163.25°,滚动角可趋近0°。所制备涂层的平均粗糙度R_a值位于5～10μm之间时,接触角较大,滚动角较小,超疏水性能较佳。     

自修复超疏水抗菌织物的制备和性能研究

以自制纳米银为抗菌剂,无纺布为基材,采用传统的浸渍法制备抗菌织物。再采用浸渍法将自制的含氟聚倍半硅氧烷整理到无纺布上,制备出自修复超疏水抗菌织物。探究了浸渍时间和含氟聚倍半硅氧烷质量浓度对织物超疏水性能影响以及超疏水织物的自修复性、耐摩擦和抗菌性。结果表明,在含氟聚半倍硅氧烷溶液(5 mg/mL)中浸渍2 h,织物的接触角可达173.69°,具有良好的超疏水性;织物经4次氧等离子刻蚀与在温度25℃,湿度99%条件下修复循环后,织物表面的水接触角仍能达到168.99°;通过比浊法测试菌液的OD_(600)吸光值,含有抗菌织物的菌液OD_(600)值小于对照组菌液OD_(600)值,表明织物具有良好的抑菌效果;织物经过300次摩擦,织物表面的水接触角仍能达到169.89°,表明织物具有良好的耐摩擦性能。     

锡青铜表面超疏水薄膜的制备及其水润滑减摩性能

为了改善锡青铜在水润滑条件下的摩擦性能,在其表面以1％氟硅烷乙醇溶液制备了超疏水薄膜.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了超疏水薄膜的表面形貌,测量了其接触角;在CETRUMT-2球-盘摩擦磨损试验机上考察了超疏水薄膜水润滑下的减摩性能.结果表明:锡青铜表面刻蚀并成膜后形成了粗糙的微纳复合结构,刻蚀40 min表面接触角可达151.1°,具备超疏水性能;超疏水薄膜在水润滑下具有较低的摩擦系数,可有效降低摩擦副的磨损.     

PVDF/SiO2/PDMS涂层超疏水纺织品性能

目的 针对普通纺织品材料防水性和防污性较差的问题,制备具有自清洁功能的超疏水涂层纺织品,并研究其性能.方法 以涤纶织物为基材,通过非溶剂诱导相分离法,使用聚偏氟乙烯和疏水纳米二氧化硅复合液在纺织品表面构筑微纳粗糙结构,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷对其进行疏水化处理,获得自清洁超疏水涂层纺织品.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量散射光谱和视频光学接触角测量仪等对其结构和性能进行表征,并通过机械摩擦、洗涤、酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍和紫外光照等方法对其表面超疏水稳定性进行考察.结果 当聚偏氟乙烯质量分数为2％,疏水纳米二氧化硅质量分数为0.4％,聚二甲基硅氧烷质量分数为1％时,制备的纺织品的表面接触角可达(162.2°±0.8°),滚动角达(2.0°±0.4°),具有优异的超疏水自清洁效应;经72 h酸/碱/盐溶液浸渍、196 h紫外光照、2500次摩擦和120次家庭水洗后,其表面接触角仍大于150°,表现出优异的超疏水稳定性.结论 采用简便的非溶剂相分离法制备的涂层纺织品具有优异的自清洁性能,并且其超疏水性能具有机械耐久性和化学稳定性,有望应用于纺织材料包装领域.     

硅藻土/TiO2基超疏水涂层的制备及应用研究

以硅藻土和TiO₂为微纳米结构的构筑物，以聚二甲基硅氧烷为低表面能改性剂，采用喷涂法在多种基底表面制备超疏水涂层材料。该涂层具有优异的超疏水性能，水静态接触角高达161°,表面自清洁性能优异，且耐热温度可高达350℃。该超疏水涂层材料在纺织品自清洁、医用防水及工业防腐等领域具有一定的应用前景。     

基于纤维素纳米纤维的超疏水涂层制备研究

采用简单的浸涂法制备具有优异自清洁性能和良好耐久性能的超疏水涂层。基于纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)与低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),以棉织物为基底制备了超疏水涂层,实现了棉织物表面功能化。通过单因素实验分别研究不同浓度CNF以及不同浓度PDMS对涂层疏水性的影响,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)等对超疏水涂层进行了测试表征。CNF和PDMS在棉织物表面牢固结合,成功制备了耐久超疏水涂层。SEM结果显示,与纯PDMS涂层相比,CNF构筑了超疏水涂层所需的微观粗糙结构,为超疏水涂层的制备提供了有利条件。当PDMS浓度为4%,CNF浓度为4%时,超疏水涂层的水滴接触角(WCA)达159.2°,水滴滚动角(WSA)为4.3°。耐摩擦测试结果显示,经过40次砂纸摩擦之后涂层的水滴接触角仍达150.3°,具有超疏水性能,说明PDMS为涂层提供低表面能的同时,也具有良好的粘结性能进而提高了涂层的耐久性能。采用CNF和PDMS在棉织物表面成功制备了耐久超疏水涂层,同时实现了优异的自清洁、防水抗污性能,并且具有良好的耐久性能。     

紫外光响应磁性超疏水木材的制备研究

为了将MnFe₂O₄晶体应用于超疏水木材，并研究其紫外光响应性，以乙酰丙酮铁和乙酰丙酮锰为反应原料，天冬氨酸为诱导剂，采用低温溶剂热法在木材表面沉积磁性MnFe₂O₄晶体，再将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)涂覆在木材表面，制备出磁性超疏水木材。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对超疏水磁性木材进行分析表征，研究了反应温度和反应时间对木材表面疏水性的影响，并对超疏水木材的紫外光相应性和自清洁性能进行了研究。实验结果显示，木材的接触角随着反应时间和反应温度的升高先增大后减小，当锰铁比例为1∶1,溶剂热反应时间9h,反应温度90℃时，木材的接触角可达到154.34°。磁性超疏水木材在紫外光的照射下从超疏水变为亲水状态。此外，磁性超疏水木材具有良好的自清洁性能。     

棉织物表面的超疏水功能改性整理与性能表征

采用新的方法制备超疏水棉织物,突破了传统使用额外纳米粒子构造粗糙表面结构制备超疏水纺织品的局限性。首先采用有机硅树脂在织物表面形成一层疏水性薄膜,然后借助硅树脂的黏附性将十八胺牢固地固着在织物表面,以此达到构造粗糙表面结构和降低织物表面能的目的。实验结果表明,整理后的棉织物与水的接触角高达154.4°±0.6°,经、纬向强力分别下降了6.2%和8.3%,而白度增加了1.3%。棉织物表面经过30次机械摩擦后,其接触角为151.5°±0.4°。最后对改性前后棉织物的表面形貌和超疏水机理进行了深入分析。     

羟基硅油改性SiO2制备复合粒子及超疏水涂层的制备与性能

利用羟基硅油的独特性质改性纳米SiO₂制备了一种具有纳米结构的弹性微米级复合SiO₂粒子，并用其与107硅橡胶复合制备出了超疏水涂层。探究了粒子用量对疏水性的影响。使用扫描电镜、接触角测量仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热失重分析仪对改性后的粒子和超疏水涂层进行表征。结果表明：羟基硅油改性后的粒子与硅橡胶涂料相容性极好，由于粒子表面的硅氧烷分子链能与硅橡胶分子链缠结，且拥有多级粗糙结构的粒子能与固化后的硅橡胶树脂产生机械咬合，因此超疏水涂层拥有良好的机械性能。在40%含量时综合性能最好，疏水角为154.6°,能在500g负载下(约5.4kPa压强),在1000目砂纸上磨损6m仍具有良好的超疏水性。     

磁控溅射制备聚四氟乙烯低温超疏水薄膜

针对输电线路工程中绝缘子的低温防结冰要求,采用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基底上制备聚四氟乙烯低温超疏水薄膜,研究了溅射制备工艺参数对薄膜超疏水性能的影响,并探究了薄膜的低温超疏水性能。利用水接触角测量仪,扫描电子显微镜以及表面轮廓仪分别对薄膜表面的润湿性能、表面形貌、膜厚以及粗糙度进行表征。结果表明,用磁控溅射工艺制备的聚四氟乙烯薄膜具有优异的疏水性能,其表面的最大静态水接触角可达170°±3°,并在低温下能够保持其超疏水的性能。     

Superstrong,Chemically Stable,Superamphiphobic Fabrics from Particle‐Free Polymer Coatings

Superamphiphobic fabrics with a robust, chemically stable, highly liquid‐repellent surface have been prepared by one‐step coating treatment of fabric substrate using a coating solution comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), fluoroalkyl silane, and a volatile solvent (e.g., acetone). The coated fabric has a contact angle of 162°, 156°, and 150° to water, olive oil, and silicone oil, respectively. The highly volatile solvent in the coating solution plays an important role in forming highly liquid repellent surface on the fabric. The coating is highly stable, and can withstand 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and strong alkaline solution (e.g., 40% KOH). It is also durable enough against at least 800 cycles of machine wash, and 10 000 cycles of abrasion. Physical damages such as abrasion with a fabric, rubbing with sandpaper, or scratching with a sharp blade can even increase the liquid repellency to a certain extent. In addition, the coating has a self‐healing property against UV damages. Such a superstrong, superamphiphobic fabric coating may find applications in development of innovative textiles and functional clothing for various applications.     

Design of artificial lotus leaves using nonwoven fabric

The apparent contact angles of a droplet deposited on the surfaces of thermal-bonded nonwoven fabrics were presented, and the characteristics required for a superhydrophobic surface were described. For a nonwoven superhydrophobic surface, the Cassie–Baxter model describes the wetting of rough surfaces. Using topological and chemical surface modifications of nylon 6,6 nonwoven fabric, artificial Lotus leaves having water contact angles >150° were prepared. Good agreement between the predictions based on the original Cassie–Baxter model and experiments was obtained. The angle at which a water droplet rolls off the surface has also been used to define a superhydrophobic surface. Superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by two criteria: a low-surface energy and a properly designed surface roughness.     

UV‐Resistant and Thermally Stable Superhydrophobic CeO2 Nanotubes with High Water Adhesion

A novel type of sticky superhydrophobic cerium dioxide (CeO₂) nanotube material is prepared by hydrothermal treatment without any chemical modification. A water droplet on the material surface shows a static water contact angle of about 157° but the water droplet is pinned on the material surface even when the material surface is turned upside down. Interestingly, the as‐prepared CeO₂ nanotube material displays durable superhydrophobicity and enhanced adhesion to water under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Importantly, this change in water adhesion can be reversed by heat treatment to restore the original adhesive value of 20 µL. Further, the maximum volume of the water droplet adhered on the material surface of CeO₂ nanotubes can be regulated without loss of superhydrophobicity during the heating treatment/UV‐irradiation cycling. Meanwhile, the superhydrophobic CeO₂ nanotube material shows remarkable thermal stability even at temperatures as high as 450 °C, long‐term durability in chemical environment, and air‐storage and good resistance to oily contaminant. Finally, the potential application in no‐loss water transportation of this sticky superhydrophobic CeO₂ material is demonstrated.     

Robust Flower‐Like TiO2@Cotton Fabrics with Special Wettability for Effective Self‐Cleaning and Versatile Oil/Water Separation

Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the mastoid on the micrometer and nanometer scale and the waxy crystals of the mastoid on natural lotus surfaces, a facile one‐step hydrothermal strategy is developed to coat flower‐like hierarchical TiO₂ micro/nanoparticles onto cotton fabric substrates (TiO₂@Cotton). Furthermore, robust superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton surfaces are constructed by the combination of hierarchical structure creation and low surface energy material modification, which allows versatility for self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. Compared with hydrophobic cotton fabric, the TiO₂@Cotton exhibits a superior antiwetting and self‐cleaning property with a contact angle (CA) lager than 160° and a sliding angle lower than 5°. The superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton shows excellent laundering durability against mechanical abrasion without an apparent reduction of the water contact angle. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale hierarchical structured cotton fabrics with special wettability are demonstrated to selectively collect oil from oil/water mixtures efficiently under various conditions (e.g., floating oil layer or underwater oil droplet or even oil/water mixtures). In addition, it is expected that this facile strategy can be widely used to construct multifunctional fabrics with excellent self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. The work would also be helpful to design and develop new underwater superoleophobic/superoleophilic materials and microfluidic management devices.     

Facile preparation and property analyses of L-CNC/SiO2-based composite superhydrophobic coating

In recent years, superhydrophobic coatings have received extensive attention due to their functions of waterproof, antifouling, self-cleaning, etc. However, wide applications of superhydrophobic coatings are still affected by their disadvantages of complex preparation, low mechanical properties, and poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance. In this study, cellulose nanocrystal containing a small amount of lignin (L-CNC)/SiO₂ composite particles were used as the main material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the adhesive and perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) as the modifier to prepare superhydrophobic coatings by a one-step spray method. The resulted coating showed excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and slide angle (SA) of 7°) and high abrasion resistance (capable of withstanding 50 abrasion cycles under the load of 50 g). Moreover, it still maintained good superhydrophobicity after 5 h of exposure to the UV light (1000 W), displaying its good UV resistance. This study provides theoretical and technical reference for the simple preparation of organic‒inorganic composite superhydrophobic coatings with high abrasion resistance and good UV resistance, which is beneficial to improving the practicability and broadening the application scope of superhydrophobic coatings.     

仿生超疏水聚丙烯/二氧化钛复合薄膜的构筑及性能研究

采用简便的相分离法制备出超疏水PP/TiO2复合薄膜。该复合薄膜表面与水的接触角为169°,滚动角小于4°。pH值为1~14的水溶液在其表面都具有很高的接触角,均大于160°。对其表面进行扫描电子显微镜分析可知,该薄膜具有类花瓣二元微纳米复合微观结构,这种结构可捕获空气,形成水与基底之间的气垫,对表面超疏水性的产生起到了关键作用。用Cassie理论对其表面超疏水进行分析,结果表明,约2.7%的面积是水滴和基体接触,而有约97.3%的面积是水滴和空气接触。     

Comparison of three methods for generating superhydrophobic,superoleophobic nylon nonwoven surfaces

This research deals with creating a superhydrophobic/superoleophobic surface by preparing a metastable Cassie–Baxter (CB) surface. To create a CB surface it is essential to have low surface energy and properly constructed surface morphology. We have explored three different techniques to achieve superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity using hydroentangled nylon nonwoven fabric: pulsed plasma polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFAC8), microwave-assisted condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FS), and FS condensation through wet processing. Nonwoven fabric materials prepared using these three techniques were superhydrophobic and superoleophobic as shown by their very high contact angles for both water (contact angles of 168–174°) and dodecane (contact angles of 153–160°). The measured contact angles agree with the predicted values obtained through designing a CB surface.     

Highly Stretchable Superhydrophobic Composite Coating Based on Self‐Adaptive Deformation of Hierarchical Structures

With the rapid development of stretchable electronics, functional textiles, and flexible sensors, water‐proof protection materials are required to be built on various highly flexible substrates. However, maintaining the antiwetting of superhydrophobic surface under stretching is still a big challenge since the hierarchical structures at hybridized micro‐nanoscales are easily damaged following large deformation of the substrates. This study reports a highly stretchable and mechanically stable superhydrophobic surface prepared by a facile spray coating of carbon black/polybutadiene elastomeric composite on a rubber substrate followed by thermal curing. The resulting composite coating can maintain its superhydrophobic property (water contact angle ≈170° and sliding angle <4°) at an extremely large stretching strain of up to 1000% and can withstand 1000 stretching–releasing cycles without losing its superhydrophobic property. Furthermore, the experimental observation and modeling analysis reveal that the stable superhydrophobic properties of the composite coating are attributed to the unique self‐adaptive deformation ability of 3D hierarchical roughness of the composite coating, which delays the Cassie–Wenzel transition of surface wetting. In addition, it is first observed that the damaged coating can automatically recover its superhydrophobicity via a simple stretching treatment without incorporating additional hydrophobic materials.     

Superhydrophobic and Anti-Icing Surface by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is formed with glass fiber as the reinforcing material and resin as the matrix. It is widely used in wind turbine blades because of its lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance properties. Herein, a method to prepare superhydrophobic GFRP surfaces by femtosecond laser direct writing combined with fluoroalkylsilane modification is demonstrated. The prepared GFRP surface has excellent superhydrophobicity with contact angle of 163.9° and sliding angle of 3.8°. In the ice resistance tests, the icing delay time is extended from 33 to 273 s at −5 °C. The ice adhesion strength is reduced from 217.4 to 40.3 kPa. The surface still has superhydrophobicity and ice adhesion strength of less than 100 kPa after ten cycles of the test. The laser exposure conditions are optimized for water/ice repelling and are at high intensity of 4 TW cm⁻² pulse⁻¹ and 2.5 m s⁻¹ beam travel speed, which make the presented approach efficient for fabrication over industrially large areas.